Diversification of the greater hydrophilines clade of giant water scavenger beetles dated back to the Middle Eocene (Coleoptera:Hydrophilidae:Hydrophilina)

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Fikáček ◽  
Sonja Wedmann ◽  
Heiko Schmied
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Minimum Age

Fossil representatives of the hydrophilid genera Hydrochara Berthold, 1827, Hydrobiomorpha Blackburn, 1888 and Hydrophilus Geoffroy, 1762 were recorded at the lower Middle Eocene locality Grube Messel in Germany. Four morphospecies were recognised, including Hydrobiomorpha eopalpalis, sp. nov. showing sexually dimorphic maxillary palpomere 2 unknown in any recent or fossil species of the genus. These fossils are the oldest known records of the mentioned genera and indicate a minimum age of 47 million years for the divergence of the Hydrobiomorpha and Hydrophilus clades. Based on these data, we assume that the diversification of the ‘greater hydrophilines’ clade predated the lower Middle Eocene. The fossil record of the subtribe Hydrophilina is briefly reviewed, the reasons of the scarcity or absence of some genera in the fossil record are discussed, and the paleoenviromental significance of the presented fossils is discussed.

scholarly journals The first Fulgoridae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from the Eocene of the central Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Fossil Record ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-274
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ting Xu ◽  
Wei-Yu-Dong Deng ◽  
Zhe-Kun Zhou ◽  
Torsten Wappler ◽  
Tao Su
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Hind Tibia ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Fossil Specimen ◽  
Modern Distribution ◽  
Fossil Records ◽  
New Evidence

Abstract. The Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) played a crucial role in shaping the biodiversity in Asia during the Cenozoic. However, fossil records attributed to insects are still scarce from the QTP, which limits our understanding on the evolution of biodiversity in this large region. Fulgoridae (lanternfly) is a group of large planthopper in body size, which is found primarily in tropical regions. The majority of the Fulgoridae bear brilliant colors and elongated heads. The fossil records of Fulgoridae span from the Eocene to Miocene in the Northern Hemisphere, and only a few fossil species from Neogene deposits have been reported in Asia so far. Here, we report a new fossil record of Fulgoridae from the middle Eocene Lunpola Basin, central QTP. The specimen is in lateral compression, with complete abdomen, thorax, and part of the wings preserved, while most of the head is missing. It belongs to the “lower Fulgoroidea” judging by several strong lateral spines on the hind tibia and a row of teeth at the apex of the second metatarsomere. This fossil specimen is assigned to Fulgoridae by comparison with nine families of the “lower Fulgoroidea”. The specimen represents the earliest Fulgoridae fossil record in Asia and was considered a new morphotaxon based on the peculiar legs and wings. Based on the modern distribution of fulgorid and other paleontological evidence, we suggest a warm climate with relatively low elevation during the middle Eocene in the central QTP. Therefore, this new fossil record not only provides important information on insect diversity in the middle Eocene, but also gives new evidence on the paleoenvironment in the core area of the QTP from the perspective of an insect.

The fossil record of Mesozoic and Tertiary Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera : Polyphaga)

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank-Thorsten Krell
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Stem Species ◽  
World Fauna ◽  
Critical Literature

Lack of characters, similarity of stem species of adelphotaxa and the necessity to know the extant world fauna of the studied group of fossils are the main difficulties in palaeontology of beetles. The paucity of characters of most of the fossils of supposed Scarabaeoidea prevents their inclusion in a reliable phylogenetic analysis. Only rarely can an autapomorphy of Scarabaeoidea be seen in a fossil classified as a member of this group. Therefore, the classification of Mesozoic and Tertiary fossils is often tentative. Based on a critical literature review of all recorded fossil Scarabaeoidea from the Mesozoic and Tertiary, the minimum age for families and/or subfamilies of this group is determined. An annotated catalogue of named fossils and ichnofossils of Scarabaeoidea and of their lagerstÄtten is given. 238 fossil species and subspecies of this group have been described, of which 27 are doubtful, eight already identified as belonging to other taxa, and two subspecies synonymised with extant taxa. 189 species and 12 ichnospecies probably or reliably belong to the Scarabaeoidea. Nomenclatural acts: Hongscarabaeus, nom. nov. for Proscarabaeus Hong, 1982 (nec Schrank, 1781); Onthophagus urusheeri, nom. nov. for Onthophagus urus Heer, 1847 (nec Ménétries, 1832); Aphodius anteactus, nom. nov. for Aphodius antiquus Heer, 1847 (nec Faldermann, 1835); Aphodius theobaldi, nom. nov. for Aphodius incertus Théobald, 1937 (nec Ballion, 1878); Anomala palaeobrunnea, nom. nov. for Anomala brunnea (Hong, 1985) (nec Klug, 1855); Eophyllocerus scrobiculatus Haupt, 1950 is designated as the type species of Eophyllocerus Haupt, 1950; Cangabola Lengerken, 1955 is a junior synonym of Coprinisphaera Sauer, 1955. ‘Mais en présence des Coléoptères, sauf très rares exeptions, tout spécialiste sérieux ne peut que se récuser’. R. Jeannel (1942: 191) on fossil faunas.

scholarly journals Two new long-rostrum cranefly species from the Cretaceous Iberian amber (Diptera, Limoniidae, Helius)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Kania-Kłosok ◽  
Wiesław Krzemiński ◽  
Antonio Arillo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
First Record ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Body Morphology ◽  
Cretaceous Period ◽  
Basque Cantabrian Basin

AbstractFirst record of the genus Helius—long-rostrum cranefly from Maestrazgo Basin (eastern Spain, Iberian Penisula) is documented. Two new fossil species of the genus Helius are described from Cretaceous Spanish amber and compared with other species of the genus known from fossil record with particular references to these known from Cretaceous period. Helius turolensis sp. nov. is described from San Just amber (Lower Cretaceous, upper Albian) Maestrazgo Basin, eastern Spain, and Helius hispanicus sp. nov. is described from Álava amber (Lower Cretaceous, upper Albian), Basque-Cantabrian Basin, northern Spain. The specific body morphology of representatives of the genus Helius preserved in Spanish amber was discussed in relation to the environmental conditions of the Maestrazgo Basin and Basque-Cantabrian Basin in Cretaceous.

A new fossil species of the genus Limodromus Motschulsky, 1850 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Platynini) from Baltic amber with remarks on its death process

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-408
Author(s):  
Sara Gamboa ◽  
Vicente M. Ortuño
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Baltic Amber ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Fossil Species

Limodromus emetikos sp. n. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) is described and illustrated from Baltic amber (Eocene). Based on its morphological features, the new species is considered a sister taxon of the extant Holarctic assimilis species group. Furthermore, the specimen described here could represent a case of stress-triggered regurgitation, which would represent the first fossil record of such a process in beetles.

The tale of the headless turtle

Zootaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4200 (2) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEDRO S. R. ROMANO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Paleocene ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
A New Species

Pelomedusoides is the most diverse clade of side-necked turtles and there is an extensive fossil record (de Broin, 1988; Lapparent de Broin, 2000; Gaffney et al., 2006, 2011) that dates back at least to the Barremian (Lower Cretaceous) (Romano et al., 2014). Its large fossil record evidences a greater diversity in the past, particularly at the end of the Mesozoic, and exhibits a good sampling of species that are represented by skull material (Gaffney et al., 2006, 2011). As a consequence, the most complete and recent phylogenetic hypotheses for this clade (e.g. Romano et al., 2014; Cadena, 2015) are based on matrices comprising a great amount of cranial characters derived largely from Gaffney et al. (2006, 2011). In addition, it is well established that shell characters show a lot of phenotypic plasticity, even in the fossil species (Romano, 2008; Gaffney et al., 2006, 2011). In most cases it consequently is not justified to rely on “diagnostic features” of poorly informative shell-only material for describing a new species. Because of that, most authors remark new morphotypes in the literature when such aberrant specimens are recovered, but do not make any nomenclatural act by proposing a new yet poorly supported species (e.g. Romano et al., 2013; Ferreira & Langer, 2013; Menegazzo et al., 2015). Unfortunately, such a supposedly new bothremydid turtle (Pleurodira: Bothremydidae) from the Early Paleocene of Brazil was recently described based on poorly diagnostic remains (Carvalho et al., 2016; hereafter CGB, for the authors initials) and a correction of this unfounded nomenclatural act is required. In addition I present some comments on shell only material from Brazil in order to guide splitter-taxonomists to stop describing poorly preserved fossil specimens as new species. 

Linuparus korura n. sp. (Decapoda: Palinura) from the Bortonian (Eocene) of New Zealand

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney M. Feldmann ◽  
Robert K. Bearlin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Species Comparison ◽  
Morphological Descriptors ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pacific Species

Linuparus (Linuparus) korura n. sp. is described from Bortonian (middle Eocene) rocks in Otaio Gorge, South Canterbury, New Zealand. This discovery represents the first occurrence of the genus in New Zealand and the first notice of a fossil occurrence of the subgenus which is represented by three modern Indo-Pacific species. Comparison of key morphological descriptors suggests that L. korura is related to L. scyllariformis and L. trigonis. A stridulatory mechanism, similar to that seen on modern Linuparus, is described for the first time from the fossil record.

Reappraisal of the burrowing lobster Axius (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Axiidea) in the fossil record with notes on palaeobiogeography and description of a new species

2017 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matúš Hyžný ◽  
Sten Lennart Jakobsen ◽  
René H. B. Fraaije
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
The West ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Western Tethys ◽  
Preservation Potential ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Subjective Synonym

The fossil record of the burrowing lobster Axius is reviewed. A diagnosis based on the characters with preservation potential is supplied. Plioaxius lineadactylus Fraaije et al., 2011, from the Pliocene of Belgium and the Netherlands is considered congeneric with the type species of Axius. As a consequence, Plioaxius is considered a junior subjective synonym of Axius. A newly described species, Axius hofstedtae from the late Oligocene of Denmark is considered the oldest unequivocal representative of Axius. Both fossil species, A. hofstedtae n. sp. and A. lineadactylus n. comb., share numerous morphological characters with extant Axius stirhynchus. Scarcity of the Cenozoic Axiidae is ascribed to lack of study of the fossil record of this group rather than to low fossilization potential of its representatives. A preliminary scenario of the migration of Axius based on the scarce fossil record suggests the origin in the Western Tethys and subsequent dispersal westward into the West Atlantic and eastward into the West Pacific.

Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises: Origin and Evolution of the Cetacea

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 139-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence G. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Marine Reptiles

The order Cetacea was the earliest, and is the most diverse mammalian group to adapt to a marine existence. The first fossil whales appear in the fossil record in the Middle Eocene. Interestingly, cetaceans developed in some ways that are parallel to earlier marine reptiles and appear to have filled some of their niches. Some cetaceans later re-adapted to fresh water.

Notes on fossil Bdelloidea 1: the first snout mite (Acariformes: Bdellidae: Odontoscirinae) from the Cretaceous amber of Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1754-1764
Author(s):  
Andrés O. Porta ◽  
Daniel N. Proud ◽  
Peter Michalik ◽  
Fabio Akashi Hernandes
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Recent Species ◽  
Mite Genus

A protonymph of the snout mite genus Odontoscirus Thor, 1913, O. cretacico sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Cretaceous amber of Myanmar is described and illustrated, constituting the earliest fossil species described of the family Bdellidae (ca. 99 Ma). After reexamining the literature and recollected specimens from type localities, we conclude that the following five recent species do not belong to the genus Biscirus and should be transferred to Odontoscirus: O. anomalicornis (Berlese 1916) comb. nov., O. symmetricus (Kramer 1898) comb. nov., O. uncinatus (Kramer 1898) comb. nov., O. norvegicus (Thor 1905) comb. nov., and O. insularis (Willmann 1939) comb. nov. The implications of the fossil record of the family is discussed.

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