Phylogeny of the Oxycoryninae sensu lato (Coleoptera:Belidae) and evolution of host-plant associations

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Marvaldi ◽  
R. G. Oberprieler ◽  
C. H. C. Lyal ◽  
T. Bradbury ◽  
R. S. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
New Information

Phylogenetic relationships among the genera of the subfamily Oxycoryninae and other belids (Curculionoidea) were reconstructed by cladistic analysis using 21 terminals and 98 characters: 62 from imaginal morphology, 33 from larval morphology and three biological characters relating to host plants and larval feeding habits. Terminal taxa represent all extant genera of Oxycoryninae, two genera of each of the three tribes of Belinae plus two outgroup taxa used to root the tree. New information on the larvae and biology of the metrioxenines is used in phylogenetic reconstruction. In accord with the single optimal cladogram obtained, a revised classification of the Oxycoryninae is proposed. The subfamily is classified into three tribes (Oxycorynini, Metrioxenini and Aglycyderini), with the tribe Oxycorynini further classified into three subtribes (Oxycraspedina Marvaldi & Oberprieler, subtr. nov., Oxycorynina and Allocorynina) and the tribe Metrioxenini into two subtribes (Metrioxenina and Afrocorynina ( = Hispodini, syn. nov.)). Larval and adult unambiguous synapomorphies defining each clade are identified. Tracing the evolution of biological traits from the phylogenetic estimate indicates that drastic shifts to phylogenetically distant host plants occurred from the ancestral belid association with conifers. Structural, chemical and/or ecological similarities of the plant organs consumed apparently had a major influence in the colonisation of different plant taxa by this group of weevils.

The morphology, higher-level phylogeny and classification of the Empidoidea (Diptera)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1180 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRADLEY J. SINCLAIR ◽  
JEFFREY M. CUMMING
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ground Plan ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
The Family

A cladistic analysis of the Empidoidea and basal lineages of the Cyclorrhapha, based on morphological characters, confirms the monophyly of both groups as well as that of the                    Eremoneura. The resulting final trees are used to revise the classification of the Empidoidea to include the following five families: Empididae, Hybotidae, Atelestidae (including Nemedininae n. subfam.), Brachystomatidae rev. stat. (comprising the subfamilies Brachystomatinae, Ceratomerinae and Trichopezinae), and Dolichopodidae s.lat. The family Microphoridae is not recognized, and the Microphorinae and Parathalassiinae are assigned to the Dolichopodidae s.lat. The Dolichopodidae s.str. includes 15 subfamilies that were previously recognized within the family. Within the Empidoidea we found support for Atelestidae as the sister group to the Hybotidae and for the monophyly of Parathalassiinae + Dolichopodidae s.str. The Empididae remains poorly defined and the genera Homalocnemis Philippi, Iteaphila Zetterstedt, Anthepiscopus Becker, and Oreogeton Schiner are classified as incertae sedis within the                   Empidoidea. In addition, the following higher taxa are proposed: Symballophthalmini n. tribe, Bicellariini n. tribe, Oedaleinae rev. stat., and Trichininae rev. stat., which are all assigned to the Hybotidae. The genus Sematopoda Collin is tentatively assigned to Trichopezinae, and Xanthodromia Saigusa is transferred from Hemerodromiinae to Brachystomatinae.        All morphological characters are extensively discussed and illustrated, including details of the antennae, mouthparts, internal thoracic structures, wings, and male and female terminalia. In addition, a key to families and unplaced genus groups of the Empidoidea is provided. Feeding habits are also discussed in terms of the empidoid ground plan condition.

The Holarctic genus Teleiopsis: host-plants, biogeography and cladistics (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. Pitkin
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Consensus Classification ◽  
Eleven Species

AbstractTeleiopsis, a Holarctic though predominantly Palaearctic genus, is revised and eleven species are recognized. Three of these are newly described and one new generic combination is established. Keys to the species of Teleiopsis and figures of moths and their male and female genitalia are given. A cladistic analysis was carried out using PAUP (Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony); the results are discussed and a consensus classification of the species is derived. Biological data, as far as known, are given for each species. Host-plant and biogeographical relationships within the genus are analysed and factors influencing intraspecific variation are discussed.

Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5074 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-66
Author(s):  
ANDRZEJ WOLSKI
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
Outgroup Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
First Time

Cylapini, as currently circumscribed, is a relatively small group of plant bugs currently comprising 17 genera and 65 species. Most representatives of the tribe are distributed in the New World (10 genera and 47 species) with other members occurring in the Afrotropical, Oriental, and Australian regions. They have primarily tropical and subtropical distributions with only a few members inhabiting temperate regions. This paper provides a taxonomic review of three of the New World Cylapini genera: Cylapinus Carvalho, 1986, Cylapoides Carvalho, 1952, and Peltidocylapus Poppius, 1909. Most species are diagnosed and redescribed. Eight new species are described as new: Cylapinus yasunagai sp. nov., Peltidocylapus calyciformis sp. nov., P. caudatus sp. nov., P. ecuadorensis sp. nov., P. pallidus sp. nov., P. parallelus sp. nov., P. simplex sp. nov., and P. spinosus sp. nov. Cylapus festinabundus Bergroth, 1922 is transferred to Peltidocylapus (comb. nov.). Illustrations of male genitalia, scanning electron micrographs of selected structures of certain species, and an identification key of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus are provided. Female genitalia are described and illustrated for the first time for most genera of Cylapini. A cladistic analysis of the tribe based on 81 morphological characters is presented as a contribution to the understanding of the ingroup relationships of Cylapini and its relationships with other groups of Cylapinae. The analysis comprises 30 ingroup species and 15 outgroup species. Both equal- and implied weighting parsimony analyses were used in the phylogenetic reconstruction. This analysis was based solely on morphological characters because an insufficient number of specimens suitable for molecular studies were available for most taxa. The study confirmed a close affinity of the taxa currently included in Cylapini, but the tribe was rendered paraphyletic by inclusion of the tribe Vanniini. The grouping comprising both Cylapini + Vanniini and most of its subordinated clades received low nodal support. Both analyses recovered a decisively supported clade comprising the New World genera Amapacylapus, Cylapus, Peltidocylapus, and Valdasus which accommodate most of the Cylapini species, justifying the recognition of the Cylapus complex suggested by previous authors. The results presented here are discussed and compared with previous phylogenetic hypotheses based on different datasets.  

Phylogeny of the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens based on adult morphological characters and host plant information (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2627 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERTO CALDARA ◽  
DAVIDE SASSI ◽  
IVO TOŠEVSKI
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Weak Support ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
The Family ◽  
Related Plant ◽  
Species Groups

A phylogenetic analysis of the species belonging to the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens, 1829 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Mecinini) was carried out. Rhinusa weevils feed on plants of the closely related families Scrophulariaceae and Plantaginaceae. Based on a cladistic analysis of six outgroup and 33 ingroup taxa, and 39 adult morphological and 8 ecological characters, eight well supported species groups and two monobasic groups belonging to three separate and more inclusive assemblages were recognized. The first assemblage (A) includes nine species belonging to two groups (R. bipustulata and R. tetra groups), whereas the second and third assemblages (B and C) include a total of 14 species belonging to two groups (R. antirrhini and R. linariae groups) and six groups (R. pilosa, R. herbarum, R. neta, R. vestita, R. mauritii and R. melas groups), respectively. Two of the three main assemblages (A and B) are well supported as monophyletic entities, whereas the third assemblage (C) has weak support contingent in part upon the exclusion of host plant associations. Assemblage A includes all species living on species of Scrophulariaceae, with two groups occurring on two closely related plant genera, Scrophularia (R. bipustulata group) and Verbascum (R. tetra group), respectively. The other two assemblages include species living exclusively on species of the family Plantaginaceae, tribe Antirrhineae. These patterns suggest a well conserved and phylogenetically congruent association among the weevils and their hosts. Optimizing host plant preferences onto the morphological phylogeny indicates that feeding on Plantaginaceae was the plesiomorphic condition for the genus Rhinusa. In general there are no strict relationships between groups of weevils and their specific feeding habits; however, species of the R. antirrhini group are all feeding on seed capsules. In contrast, in other groups the larvae of closely related species display significant variations in host plant parasitism. Some species of the R. tetra group feed on seed capsules whereas others are stem borers. In turn, certain species of the R. neta group feed on seed capsules yet others are inquilines of gall forming species of Rhinusa. The latter habit is present in multiple convergent groups such as the R. linariae and R. pilosa groups.

Morphological phylogeny of Thripidae (Thysanoptera : Terebrantia)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimeng Zhang ◽  
Laurence Mound ◽  
Jinian Feng
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Superficial Resemblance ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Systematic Relationships ◽  
Group Relationships ◽  
High Degree

Thripidae, one of the largest families of Thysanoptera, is widely distributed throughout the world. To explore the phylogenetic relationships and current classification of Thripidae, a cladistic analysis is presented based on 117 morphological characters scored from 114 species representing 94 genera. This analysis was used to reconstruct the ancestral feeding habits of Thripidae, with the result that leaf-feeding is recognised as ancestral within this family, and flower-feeding derived. Thripidae is recovered as a monophyletic group, but the three subfamilies Dendrothripinae, Sericothripinae and Panchaetothripinae are all recovered as nested within the fourth and major subfamily Thripinae. Sericothripinae is related to the Scirtothrips genus-group in Thripinae, but a close relationship to Echinothrips is not supported. Intergeneric relationships within Dendrothripinae are relatively well resolved. Three tribes in Panchaetothripinae are not monophyletic but Tryphactothripini genera form a clade with Panchaetothrips. Subfamily Thripinae is paraphyletic, but includes several monophyletic genus-groups (Rhamphothrips genus-group, Trichromothrips genus-group, Thrips genus-group, Frankliniella genus-group, Chirothrips genus-group). Relationships within the Thrips genus-group are poorly resolved, presumably due to a high degree of homoplasy. Five genera (Amomothrips, Moundinothrips, Smilothrips, Ctenothrips and Sciothrips) are placed into the Taeniothrips genus-group, and three genera (Salpingothrips, Tusothrips and Chaetanaphothrips) are proposed as the Chaetanaphothrips genus-group. The previously accepted Anaphothrips genus-group and Mycterothrips genus-group are not recovered, presumably because the supporting characters are merely superficial resemblance with no phylogenetic significance. This work resolves the systematic relationships among most thripid genera, as well as providing a morphological background for the evolution of Thripidae.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic reconstruction of ancestral ecological networks through time for pierid butterflies and their host plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana P. Braga ◽  
Niklas Janz ◽  
Sören Nylin ◽  
Fredrik Ronquist ◽  
Michael J. Landis
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Ecological Networks

scholarly journals Assortments of Digestive Enzymes Induced in First Instar Larvae of Busseola fusca Feeding on Different Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117954331984352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald Juma ◽  
Bruno Le Ru ◽  
Paul-André Calatayud
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Host Acceptance ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Sub Saharan

The stem borer Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of maize and sorghum in sub-Saharan Africa. This insect has oligophagous feeding habits, feeding mostly on maize and sorghum with a narrow range of wild Poaceous plant species. We hypothesised that first instar B. fusca larvae, the critical stage for successful establishment on a host plant, can establish and then grow on a particular plant as a result of induction of a complement of digestive enzymes that mediates host acceptance at first instars. A fast semi-quantitative analysis of potentially digestive enzymatic activities present in the first larvae previously fed for 4 days on leaves of host and non-host plants was performed using the API-ZYM kit system able to detect a multiplex of enzyme activities. Regardless of the plant species, the larvae exhibited higher activities of the carbohydrate metabolising enzymes than of aminopeptidases and proteases. In addition, highest activities of carbohydrates degrading enzymes were exhibited by larvae that consumed leaves of the most preferred plant species of B. fusca. Conversely, esterases were only detected in neonate larvae that consumed leaves of the less preferred and non-host plants. No alkaline phosphatase and lipase activities were detected. The significance of these results was discussed in terms of food requirements of first instar larvae when settling on a plant.

Aphid parasitoids infesting cotton, citrus, tobacco, and cereal crops in southeastern Europe: aphid-plant associations and keys

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolas G. Kavallieratos ◽  
Željko Tomanović ◽  
Christos G. Athanassiou ◽  
Petr Starý ◽  
Vladimir Žikić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Separate Group ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
New Information ◽  
Aphid Parasitoids ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractWe present new information on the parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) of aphids infesting cotton, tobacco, citrus, and cereal agroecosystems in southeastern Europe. Nineteen species are keyed and illustrated with scanning electron micrographs and line drawings. The aphidiines presented in this work have been identified from 18 aphid taxa. Furthermore, 96 original parasitoid–aphid–plant associations are presented. Cotton, tobacco, and citrus agroecosystems are connected through aphids and their parasitoids, whereas cereal agroecosystems represent a separate group of associations.

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