Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of the food relocation behaviour of the dung beetle tribe Eucraniini (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae:Scarabaeinae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico C. Ocampo ◽  
David C. Hawks
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Vicariant Event ◽  
Andean Uplift

A phylogenetic analysis using 28S and 18S rDNA provides evidence that the tribe Eucraniini is a monophyletic group and the sister-group of the Phanaeini and Dichotomiini. Our molecular phylogeny of the dung beetle tribes provides strong evidence for the monophyly of the subfamily Scarabaeinae. The monophyly of the tribe Eucraniini is well supported and it includes the genera Anomiopsoides Blackwelder, Ennearabdus van Lansberge, Eucranium Brullé and Glyphoderus Westwood. The food-lifting relocation behaviour present in species of Eucranium, Anomiopsoides and Glyphoderus is considered a derived condition and it most probably evolved from tunnelling behaviour. The preference for dry dung or dung pellets by species of Eucraniini genera, and feeding on plant material by species of Anomiopsoides, are considered apomorphic. Our analyses suggest that rolling behaviour in the Scarabaeinae evolved at least twice during their evolution. The incidence of high endemicity of dung beetles in the Monte biogeographic province of Argentina suggests that the area constitutes an independent centre of evolution. Our hypothesis is that a vicariant event was responsible for the divergence of the Eucraniini from a Neotropical lineage ancestral to Eucraniini and Phanaeini. The isolation of the Eucraniini lineage probably occurred after the Andean uplift during the Quechua diastrophism (middle Miocene) that resulted in the creation of xeric plains in austral regions of South America.

scholarly journals The first phylogenetic analysis of Palpigradi (Arachnida) – the most enigmatic arthropod order

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Giribet ◽  
Erin McIntyre ◽  
Erhard Christian ◽  
Luis Espinasa ◽  
Rodrigo L. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Ribosomal Genes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Two Alternatives

Palpigradi are a poorly understood group of delicate arachnids, often found in caves or other subterranean habitats. Concomitantly, they have been neglected from a phylogenetic point of view. Here we present the first molecular phylogeny of palpigrades based on specimens collected in different subterranean habitats, both endogean (soil) and hypogean (caves), from Australia, Africa, Europe, South America and North America. Analyses of two nuclear ribosomal genes and COI under an array of methods and homology schemes found monophyly of Palpigradi, Eukoeneniidae and a division of Eukoeneniidae into four main clades, three of which include samples from multiple continents. This supports either ancient vicariance or long-range dispersal, two alternatives we cannot distinguish with the data at hand. In addition, we show that our results are robust to homology scheme and analytical method, encouraging further use of the markers employed in this study to continue drawing a broader picture of palpigrade relationships.

The first molecular phylogeny of the weevil subfamily Lixinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) casts doubts on the monophyly of its tribes

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5026 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-220
Author(s):  
SEMYON V. VOLOVNIK ◽  
BAZARTSEREN BOLDGIV ◽  
BADAMNYAMBUU IDERZORIG ◽  
LARISA TS. KHOBRAKOVA ◽  
SERGEY V. KOLOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Short Summary

This paper targets the nearly cosmopolitan weevil subfamily Lixinae. A phylogenetic analysis of one mitochondrial and two nuclear DNA fragments obtained from 87 Lixinae and 49 outgroup terminals strongly supports the monophyly of the subfamily. The molytine tribe Mecysolobini is the likeliest sister group of Lixinae; adults of both taxa share the likely synapomorphic condition of the greatly shortened labial palpi. Phylogenetic relationships within the subfamily are poorly resolved. None of three Lixinae tribes is recovered as monophyletic. The subfamily’s oldest dichotomy is formed by a clade of two genera Rhabdorrhynchus plus Pachycerus sister to the rest of the subfamily. The genera Chromonotus, Larinus, Lixus, and Stephanocleonus are recovered as non-monophyletic. The genera Asproparthenis, Chromonotus, and Maximus form a strongly supported clade. The genus Eumecops is the likeliest sister to the clade formed by the genera Stephanocleonus plus Coniocleonus. The cleonine genus Scaphomorphus is a sister to a subset of externally most similar species of the genus Lixus; the same clade likely includes the genus Lixoglyptus not represented in the analysis. As an aside we provide a short summary of active flight in adult Cleonini.  

scholarly journals A new Mammutidae (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of Gansu Province, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIMILA MOTHÉ ◽  
LEONARDO S. AVILLA ◽  
DESI ZHAO ◽  
GUANGPU XIE ◽  
BOYANG SUN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Lower Incisors

ABSTRACT The "Yanghecun specimen", a proboscidean specimen represented by a mandible from Miocene of China and previously described as Gomphotheriidae, is here reviewed and described as a new genus and species of Mammutidae: Sinomammut tobieni. This taxon is a longirostrine mastodon, lacking lower tusks, and bearing a wide last molar with oblique and non-inflated lophids, broad transverse interlophids, and yoke-like wear figures. Phylogenetic analysis of Mammutidae based on dental and mandibular features recovered S. tobieni as sister group of the mastodon Mammut. The longirostrine condition and the well-developed lower incisors seem to be primitive for Mammutidae, while the brevirostry is the derived condition, probably emerged during the middle Miocene (12-11 Mya). However, two derived conditions are recognized to the lower tusks: the absence of lower tusks (S. tobieni) and the occasional presence of vestigial lower tusks (Mammut).

Phylogenetic relationships of the Australian Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera)

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye Christidis
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sister Group Relationship

Phylogenetic relationships among the Australian Leptophlebiidae genera and selected genera from South America and New Zealand were investigated using a cladistic analysis of 43 morphological characters. The outcomes of this analysis were largely consistent with the higher-level relationships previously proposed by Pescador and Peters (1980). The monophyly of the Meridialaris lineage (comprising Austrophlebioides, Tillyardophlebia, Kirrara, ‘WT sp. 1’ and ‘WT sp. 2’ from Australia, Meridialaris from South America and Deleatidium and Atalophlebioides from New Zealand) was strongly supported, as was the monophyly of the Nousia lineage (Nyungara, Nousia and Koorrnonga). However, Australian genera assigned to the Hapsiphlebia lineage (Atalophlebia, Kalbaybaria, Ulmerophlebia, Jappa and Atalomicria) did not form a monophlyletic group. There was support for a sister-group relationship between the Dactylophlebia and Meridialaris lineages, and for the placement of Garinjuga (Penaphlebia lineage) as the sister-group to a large clade comprising genera of the Nousia, Dactylophlebia and Meridialaris lineages. The phylogenetic analysis provided some clarification of the affinities of Neboissophlebia, Bibulmena, Loamaggalangta and Kaninga. These genera appear to belong to lineages not recognised previously among the Gondwanan Leptophlebiidae.

Two new species and the molecular phylogeny of eight species of Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes: Macrostomorpha) from southern China

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4337 (3) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
YI-TAO LIN ◽  
WEI-TAO FENG ◽  
FAN XIN ◽  
LV ZHANG ◽  
YU ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Two New Species

Two new species of Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes: Macrostomorpha), M. shiyanensis n. sp. and M. lankouensis n. sp. are described from Shiyan Reservoir and Lankou Town. Morphological characteristics of the penis stylets and sperm, as well as the phylogenetic analysis using concatenated sequences of 18S and 28S rDNA genes support the establishment of these two new species and indicate that they are closely related to M. sinensis and M. heyuanensis described from different regions of Guangdong province. Finally, the progress of molecular phylogenetics of Macrostomum worldwide is also discussed. 

scholarly journals Dating the origin and diversification of Pan-Chelidae (Testudines, Pleurodira) under multiple molecular clock approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Alfredo Holley ◽  
Juliana Sterli ◽  
Néstor G. Basso
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
South American ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
The Individual

Pan-Chelidae (Testudines, Pleurodira) is a group of side-necked turtles with a currently disjointed distribution in South America and Australasia and characterized by two morphotypes: the long-necked and the short-necked chelids. Both geographic groups include both morphotypes, but different phylogenetic signals are obtained from morphological and molecular data, suggesting the monophyly of the long-necked chelids or the independent evolution of this trait in both groups. In this paper, we addressed this conflict by compiling and editing available molecular and morphological data for Pan-Chelidae, and performing phylogenetic and dating analyses over the individual and the combined datasets. Our total-evidence phylogenetic analysis recovered the clade Chelidae as monophyletic and as sister group of a clade of South American extinct chelids; furthermore Chelidae retained inside the classical molecular structure with the addition of extinct taxa in both the Australasian and the South American clades. Our dating results suggest a Middle Jurassic origin for the total clade Pan-Chelidae, an Early Cretaceous origin for Chelidae, a Late Cretaceous basal diversification of both geographic clades with the emergence of long-necked lineages, and an Eocene diversification at genera level, with the emergence of some species before the final breakup of Southern Gondwana and the remaining species after this event.

The “Celestial Pearl danio” is a miniature Danio (s.s) (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae): evidence from morphology and molecules

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1686 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEVIN W CONWAY ◽  
WEI-JEN CHEN ◽  
RICHARD L MAYDEN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Lateral Face ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Lateral Projection

The osteology of the miniature cyprinid Celestichthys margaritatus Roberts, type species of Celestichthys Roberts, is described in detail and briefly compared with that of other members of the Rasborinae (notably Danio (s.s), Danionella, Devario, Esomus, Microrasbora, Paedocypris and Sundadanio). Celestichthys margaritatus possesses an “A” stripe on the anal fin and two pigment stripes on the caudal fin (apomorphic features of Danio sensu Fang, 2003). In addition, C. margaritatus exhibits a median projection on the outer arm of the os suspensorium, a derived feature, present only in species of Danio (including D. erythromicron) amongst the Cyprinidae, and a lateral projection on the lateral face of the dentary (present only in Danio, Sundadanio and Paedocypris). Phylogenetic analysis of 1,494 bp of the RAG1 nuclear gene for 31 rasborine taxa, including 5 species of Danio, places C. margaritatus as the sister group to D. erythromicron, and part of a larger monophyletic group including all other species of Danio included for analysis. Based on characters of morphology and its position in a molecular phylogeny of the Rasborinae it is proposed that Celestichthys be placed in the synonymy of Danio, its only member referred to as Danio margaritatus new combination.

scholarly journals Interrelationships of Polydolopidae (Mammalia: Marsupialia) from South America and Antarctica

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Chornogubsky
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
The Family ◽  
Marsupial Species ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract Polydolopidae is a family of Palaeogene marsupials recorded from outcrops in southern South America and the Antarctic Peninsula. They are mostly represented by skull fragments or maxillary, dentary and molar remains. A taxonomic and systematic revision is carried out with the inclusion of a phylogenetic analysis encompassing almost every polydolopid species and five marsupial species found to be related to them in previous analyses (Bonapartherium hinakusijum, Epidolops ameghinoi, Microbiotherium tehuelchum, Prepidolops didelphoides and Roberthoffstetteria nationalgeographica). The Polydolopidae was recovered as a monophyletic group, even though no resolution about its sister-group can be found. The following genera are recovered: Antarctodolops, Amphidolops, Archaeodolops, Eudolops, Hypodolops gen. nov., Kramadolops, Pliodolops, Pseudolops and two unidentified genera (Gen. et sp. indet 1 and 2). One genus and three new species are recognized. The family appeared at the beginning of the Palaeocene and disappeared during the Early Oligocene. The extinction of the group could be related to climatic deterioration in the Early Oligocene, when temperature and the humidity dropped, provoking desertification in the region where Polydolopids evolved.

Phylogenetic analysis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus type O circulating in the Andean region of South America during 2002–2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 74-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Malirat ◽  
Ingrid Evelyn Bergmann ◽  
Renata de Mendonça Campos ◽  
Gustavo Salgado ◽  
Camilo Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Andean Region ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Disease Virus Type

scholarly journals Extensive Phylogenetic Analysis of Piscine Orthoreovirus Genomic Sequences Shows the Robustness of Subgenotype Classification

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Marcos Godoy ◽  
Daniel A. Medina ◽  
Rudy Suarez ◽  
Sandro Valenzuela ◽  
Jaime Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Genomic Segment ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Original Classification

Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) belongs to the family Reoviridae and has been described mainly in association with salmonid infections. The genome of PRV consists of about 23,600 bp, with 10 segments of double-stranded RNA, classified as small (S1 to S4), medium (M1, M2 and M3) and large (L1, L2 and L3); these range approximately from 1000 bp (segment S4) to 4000 bp (segment L1). How the genetic variation among PRV strains affects the virulence for salmonids is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to describe the molecular phylogeny of PRV based on an extensive sequence analysis of the S1 and M2 segments of PRV available in the GenBank database to date (May 2020). The analysis was extended to include new PRV sequences for S1 and M2 segments. In addition, subgenotype classifications were assigned to previously published unclassified sequences. It was concluded that the phylogenetic trees are consistent with the original classification using the PRV genomic segment S1, which differentiates PRV into two major genotypes, I and II, and each of these into two subgenotypes, designated as Ia and Ib, and IIa and IIb, respectively. Moreover, some clusters of country- and host-specific PRV subgenotypes were observed in the subset of sequences used. This work strengthens the subgenotype classification of PRV based on the S1 segment and can be used to enhance research on the virulence of PRV.

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