Platynini (Coleoptera:Carabidae) of Vanuatu: Miocene diversification on the Melanesian Arc

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Liebherr
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Geological Evidence ◽  
Society Island ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Colonisation Event

Vanuatu supports 11 resident species of the carabid beetle tribe Platynini: five indigenous species shared with other Pacific islands and Australia and six newly described precinctive species. Notagonum delaruei, sp. nov. represents a single descendant species of one colonisation event. Helluocolpodes, gen. nov. (type species Colpodes helluo Darlington of New Guinea) is proposed to accommodate a monophylum comprising the type species plus Helluocolpodes discicollis, sp. nov., H. mucronis, sp. nov., H. multipunctatus, sp. nov., H. sinister, sp. nov. and H. vanemdeni, sp. nov., all from Vanuatu. Generic assignments are informed by cladistic analysis of anatomical characters for a variety of Pacific platynine taxa. Metacolpodes Jeannel is redefined cladistically to include seven Pacific and Asian species. Biogeographic relationships among island areas housing platynine taxa on the Australian and Pacific Plates are investigated using a chrono–area cladogram, i.e. a taxon–area cladogram for which terminals are dated based on geological evidence and internal nodes based on non-reversible temporal optimisation. Conclusions reached by constraining the ages of areas within the context of phylogenetic relationships of their resident taxa include: (1) Vanuatu has supported resident platynine taxa since the Middle to Late Miocene; (2) the Hawaiian Blackburnia first colonised that archipelago in the Miocene, long before the present oldest high island, Kauai, came into existence; (3) the New Zealand Ctenognathus most likely arose from Miocene colonisation of New Zealand via Fiji; and (4) the low diversity of the Tahitian platynine fauna is due to relatively recent, Pliocene or later, colonisation of the Society Island chain by this group, also from a Fijian source.

Classification, reconstructed phylogeny and geographical history of genera of Pilipalpinae (Coleoptera : Tenebrionoidea : Pyrochroidae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Geological Evidence ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Single Clade ◽  
History Of

The 12 genera of Pilipalpinae are classified on the basis of characters of larvae and adults. Three new genera and six new species are here described: Malagaethes, gen. nov. (type species M. lawrencei, sp. nov.); Ranomafana, gen. nov. (type species R. steineri, sp. nov.); Binburrum, gen. nov. (type species Techmessa ruficollis Champion); Binburrum angusticollis, sp. nov.; Binburrum concavifrons, sp. nov.; Cycloderus immaculicollis, sp. nov. and Cycloderus hirsutus, sp. nov. The following new synonymies of specific names are proposed (with valid names given first): Paromarteon constans Lea, 1917 = Eucistela cyanea Carter, 1922; Paromarteon mutabile Blackburn, 1897 = Paromarteon mutabile var. nigripenne Lea, 1920; Temnopalpus bicolor Blackburn, 1888 = Temnopalpus tricolor Lea, 1920; Pilipalpus dasytoides Fairmaire, 1876 = Copobaenus maculicollis Pic, 1942 and Pilipalpus danvini Abdullah, 19646; Exocalopus pectinatus Broun, 1893 = Exocalopus antennalis Broun, 1903. The following subspecies have been elevated to species rank: Paromarteon apicale Lea, Paromarteon fasciatum Lea and Paromarteon parvum Lea. Phylogenetic analysis of 30 structural characters of larvae and adults yielded the following set of incompletely resolved relationships among genera of Pilipalpinae: (((Paromarteon + ((Temnopalpus + Malagaethes) + Pilipalpus + (Ranomafana + (Incollogenius + ((Exocalopus + (Binburrum + (Cycloderus + Morpholycus)) + Techmessodes) + Techmessa))))). The data set contained much homoplasy and several reversals. The historical geographical relationships inferred from the reconstructed phylogeny were compared with geological evidence for the break-up of Pangaea and Gondwanaland. The ancestral stock of Pilipalpinae was widespread on Gondwanaland, and differentiated through its fragmentation. Remnant relict genera persisted on Madagascar, New Zealand, southern South America (Magellanica), and Australia. Brooks Parsimony Analysis was conducted on the data resulting in the following area relationships: (Holarctic + (Madagascar + (New Zealand + (Australia + Chile)))). This agrees generally with accepted geological evidence and is considered support for they hypothesised phylogeny. A single clade (Temnopalpus + Malagaethes) was in disagreement (homoplasous) with the area cladogram, indicating possible incongruence in the data. The area relationships of other Southern Hemisphere groups were compared with Pilipalpinae.

Systematics of the Australasian spider family Pararchaeidae (Arachnida:Araneae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Rix
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
History Information ◽  
First Time

The Pararchaeidae, a family of cryptic spiders known only from Australia and New Zealand, is revised. Six new genera: Anarchaea, gen. nov., Flavarchaea, gen. nov., Forstrarchaea, gen. nov., Nanarchaea, gen. nov., Ozarchaea, gen. nov., Westrarchaea, gen. nov., and 24 new species are described, 23 from mainland Australia and one from New Zealand. Anarchaea, gen. nov. from eastern Australia contains four species: A. corticola (Hickman, 1969), comb. nov. (type species), A. falcata, sp. nov., A. raveni, sp. nov. and A. robusta (Rix, 2005), comb. nov. Flavarchaea from eastern, southern and south-western Australia contains seven species: F. anzac, sp. nov., F. badja, sp. nov., F. barmah, sp. nov., F. hickmani (Rix, 2005), comb. nov., F. lofty, sp. nov., F. lulu (Rix, 2005), comb. nov. (type species) and F. stirlingensis, sp. nov. Forstrarchaea is represented only by the type species F. rubra (Forster, 1949), comb. nov. from New Zealand. Nanarchaea from eastern Australia contains two species: N. bryophila (Hickman, 1969), comb. nov. and N. binnaburra (Forster, 1955), comb. nov. (type species). Ozarchaea from Australia and New Zealand contains 16 species: O. bodalla, sp. nov., O. bondi, sp. nov., O. daviesae, sp. nov., O. forsteri, sp. nov., O. harveyi, sp. nov., O. janineae, sp. nov., O. ornata (Hickman, 1969), comb. nov. (type species), O. platnicki, sp. nov., O. saxicola (Hickman, 1969), comb. nov., O. spurgeon, sp. nov., O. stradbroke, sp. nov., O. valida, sp. nov., O. waldockae, sp. nov., O. werrikimbe, sp. nov., O. westraliensis, sp. nov. and O. wiangarie, sp. nov. Pararchaea Forster, 1955 is represented only by the type species P. alba Forster, 1955 from New Zealand. Westrarchaea, endemic to south-western Western Australia, contains three species: W. pusilla, sp. nov., W. sinuosa, sp. nov. (type species) and W. spinosa, sp. nov. A morphological cladistic analysis of the Pararchaeidae supported monophyly of the genera. Natural history information is summarised for each species where known, and the moulting behaviour, mating behaviour and egg sac of a pararchaeid species are described for the first time.

The genus Dichopygina gen. n. (Diptera: Sciaridae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Vilkamaa ◽  
Heikki Hippa ◽  
Lyudmila Komarova
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Northern Hemispheric

AbstractThe Northern Hemispheric sciarid species placed in the nigrohalteralis group of Corynoptera Winnertz are a monophyletic unit, which is described as a new genus Dichopygina gen. n. (type-species Bradysia (Chaetosciara) triseriata var nigrohalteralis Frey). The genus is Holarctic in distribution and includes the following species which are keyed and described: Dichopygina aculeata sp. n. (Holarctic), D. bernhardi sp. n. (Palaearctic), D. duplicis sp. n. (Nearctic), D. intermedia (Mohrig & Krivosheina) (Palaearctic), D. nigrohalteralis (Frey) (Holarctic), D. ramosa sp. n. (Palaearctic) and D. stricta sp. n. (Nearctic). Our previously published cladistic analysis suggests that the species now included in Dichopygina gen. n. are sister taxa to a large clade including the current Lycoriella Frey and elements of Corynoptera and Bradysia Winnertz. Corynoptera acanthostyla Tuomikoski and the New Zealand species referred to the Corynoptera nigrohalteralis group are excluded.

Revision of the Paramunna complex (Isopoda : Asellota : Paramunnidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Just ◽  
George D. F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Subantarctic Islands ◽  
Group Species

This paper presents a global review of the current unwieldy concept of the genus Paramunna Sars, 1866. The study is based mainly on large new collections of material from Australia and subantarctic islands south of Tasmania and New Zealand. Of the four genera previously synonymised with Paramunna, Austrimunna Richardson, 1906 is revived (type species A. antarctica), Leptaspidia Bate & Westwood, 1867 and Metamunna Tattersall, 1905 are considered indeterminable, while Austronanus Hodgson, 1910 is not considered part of the Paramunna complex. Forty-three species, 27 new, are treated, mostly from Australia and adjacent subantarctic islands. Fifteen species currently in Paramunna do not belong in this complex. The type genus Paramunna Sars, 1866 comprises four known species, P. bilobata Sars, 1866, P. capensis Vanh�ffen, 1914, P. integra Nordenstam, 1933 and P. koreana Malyutina & Ushakova, 2001, and four new species. Nine new genera are created based on a cladistic analysis (type species, original combination): Ascionana (A. darwinia, sp. nov.), Epipedonana (E. profunda, sp. nov.), Harrietonana (Austrimunna subtriangulata Richardson, 1908), Kiklonana (Paramunna arnaudi Amar & Roman, 1974), Omonana (O. brachycephala, sp. nov.), Pagonana (Paramunna rostrata Hodgson, 1910), Palanana (Austrimunna serrata Richardson, 1908), Spiculonana (S. platysoma, sp. nov) and Sporonana (S. robusta, sp. nov.). Six species of Paramunna are transferred to other genera in the complex: P. simplex Menzies, 1962 and P.�parasimplex Winkler, 1994 to Omonana, gen. nov.; P. dilatata Vanh�ffen, 1914 to Pagonana, gen. nov.; P. gaini (Richardson, 1913) to Palanana gen. nov.; P. laevifrons Stebbing, 1910 and P. rhipis Shimomura & Mawatari, 1999 to Ascionana, gen. nov. Paramunna shornikovi Malyutina & Ushakova, 2001, is synonymised with P. rhipis. Keys to genera and species (if more than two in a genus) are given. Terminal males (males with elongated cephalon and massively enlarged pereonite 1) are documented in several genera. The distribution of the complex confirms that this part of the Paramunnidae is a Southern Hemisphere, shallow water group. Species previously thought to be circumpolar prove to be species complexes, with each species having a small distribution.

The systematics of the spider family Nicodamidae ( Araneae : Amaurpbioidea)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Harvey
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Irian Jaya ◽  
The Family ◽  
Senior Synonym

A review of the spider family Nicodamidae reveals two subfamilies, Nicodaminae and Megadictyninae, with 29 species. The Nicodaminae contains Nicodamus Simon and six new genera, Ambicodamus, Dimidamus, Durodamus, Litodamus, Novodamus and Oncodamus, from Australia, Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya. Nicodamus is restricted to N. peregrinus (Walckenaer) and N. mainae, sp. nov.; N. peregrinus is treated as a senior synonym of Theridium semiflavum L. Koch, Centropelma bicolor L. Koch and Ozaleus tarandus Thorell. Ozaleus Thorell is confirmed as a junior synonym of Nicodamus by designation of a lectotype for the type species, 0. tarandus. Durodamus contains one species: D. yeni, sp. nov. (type species). Ambicodamus contains 11 species: A. marae, sp. nov. (type species), A. audax, sp. nov., A. crinitus (L. Koch), comb. nov., A. dale, sp. nov., A. darlingtoni, sp. nov., A. emu, sp. nov., A. kochi, sp. nov., A. leei, sp. nov., A. sororius, sp. nov., A. southwelli, sp. nov. and A. urbanus, sp. nov. Litodamus contains three species: L. hickmani, sp. nov. (type species), L. olga sp. nov. and L. collinus, sp. nov. Dimidamus contains six species: D. dimidiatus (Simon), comb. nov. (type species), D. simoni, sp. nov., D. leopoldi (Roewer), comb. nov., D. arau, sp. nov., D. sero, sp. nov. and D. enaro, sp. nov. Novodamus contains two species: N. nodatus (Karsch), comb. nov. (type species) and N. supernus, sp. nov.; Linyphia meianozantha Urquhart is treated as a junior synonym of N. nodatus. Oncodamus contains two species: 0. bidens (Karsch), comb. nov. (type species) and 0. decipiens, sp. nov. The Megadictyninae, stat. nov., contains two genera from New Zealand, Megadictyna Dahl with M. thilenii Dahl and Forstertyna, gen. nov. with F. marplesi (Forster), comb. nov. Cladistic analysis confirms the division of the family into two subfamilies, and recognises several subgroups within the Nicodaminae: Nicodamus + Durodamus, Ambicodamus + Litodamus, and Novodamus + Oncodamus.

scholarly journals Cladistic classification of Mecyclothorax Sharp (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) and taxonomic revision of the New Caledonian subgenus Phacothorax Jeannel

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Liebherr
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Interspecific Mating ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Biogeographic History

The 15 species of Mecyclothorax Sharp precinctive to New Caledonia are revised and shown by cladistic analysis to comprise a monophyletic lineage, here treated as subgenus Phacothorax Jeannel. The New Caledonian species of subgenus Phacothorax include Mecyclothoraxfleutiauxi (Jeannel), M.najtae Deuve, and 13 newly described species: M.jeanneli sp. n., M.laterobustus sp. n., M.laterorectus sp. n., M.laterosinuatus sp. n., M.laterovatulus sp. n., M.manautei sp. n., M.megalovatulus sp. n., M.octavius sp. n., M.paniensis sp. n., M.picdupinsensis sp. n., M.plurisetosus sp. n., and two jointly authored species; M.kanak Moore & Liebherr sp. n., and M.mouensis Moore & Liebherr sp. n.. subgenus Phacothorax is one of five subgenera recognized within genus Mecyclothorax based on cladistic analysis of 65 exemplar taxa utilizing information from 137 morphological characters. The four other monophyletic subgenera include the precinctive Australian Eucyclothorax subgen. n. (type species Mecyclothoraxblackburni [Sloane]), the precinctive Queensland Qecyclothorax subgen. n. (type species Mecyclothoraxstoreyi Moore), the precinctive New Zealand Meonochilus Liebherr & Marris status n., and the geographically widespread and very diverse nominate subgenus, distributed from St. Paul and Amsterdam Islands, eastward across Australia and New Guinea, and in the Sundas, Timor Leste, Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, New Zealand, and the Society and Hawaiian Islands. The biogeographic history of Mecyclothorax can be derived from the parsimony cladogram time-calibrated by times of origin of particular geographic areas inhabited by resident representative species. Based on sister-group status of subgenus Phacothorax and subgenus Mecyclothorax, and occupation of Lord Howe Island–an island originating no earlier than 6 Ma–by the earliest divergent lineage within subgenus Mecyclothorax, the ancestor of present-day Phacothorax spp. is hypothesized to have colonized New Caledonia 6 Ma, subsequent both to Cretaceous Gondwanan vicariance as well as any Oligocene submergence. Area relationships among the New Caledonian Phacothorax point to earliest diversification incorporating the northern massifs, and most recent diversification on the ultramafic volcanic substrates in the south of Grand Terre. Flight wing loss has played an important role in shaping the various island faunas, both in their morphology as well as their diversity. The retention of flight capability in only a few of the many hundred Mecyclothorax spp. is presented in light of how populations evolve from macropterous colonizing propagules to vestigially winged specialists. Interspecific differences in genitalic structures for the sister-species pair M.fleutiauxi + M.jeanneli are shown to involve functional complementarity of male and female structures. Extensive geographic variation of male genitalia is demonstrated for several New Caledonian Mecyclothorax spp. This variation deviates from the geographically uniform male genitalia exhibited by species in the hyperdiverse Mecyclothorax radiation of Haleakalā volcano, Maui, suggesting that extensive sympatry occurring among species in that diverse species swarm selects for stability within this mate recognition system. Conversely, lower levels of sympatry characterizing the depauperate New Caledonian radiation permit the presence of more extensive male genitalic variation, this variation not selected against due to the lower likelihood of interspecific mating mistakes.

Pattern and process in the evolution of the Odontopleuridae (Trilobita). The Selenopeltinae and Ceratocephalinae

1991 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Ramsköld
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Pattern And Process ◽  
Single Character ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Subjective Synonym

ABSTRACTThe systematics of parts of the Odontopleuridae are revised using character analyses tracing homologous structures, and a computerised cladistic analysis. The choice of outgroup is shown to affect the result of the analysis. Several synapomorphies place Selenopeltis, the type genus of the Selenopeltinae Hawle & Corda, 1847 as sister genus to Dicranurus. The latter's close relationship to Miraspis, type genus of the Miraspidinae Richter & Richter, 1917 is confirmed. The Selenopeltinae therefore becomes a senior subjective synonym of the Miraspidinae. The Selenopeltinae includes about 90 of the over 380 named odontopleurid species known to date (excluding accepted synonyms). The Ceratocephalinae is recognised, including about 30 species. The paired, large pygidial border spines present in most odontopleurids are in some species not homologous, and a falsifiable hypothesis is proposed for the homology of the ‘true major border spines’. This structure is the posterior pleural spine of the tenth postcephalic segment in selenopeltines, ceratocephalines and odontopleurines, and in acidaspidines and apianurines it is the serially homologous spine of the eleventh postcephalic segment. The spine belongs to the first pygidial segment in all taxa except ceratocephalines, where it is on the last thoracic segment. The homology in selenopeltines of the progressive restructuring of the cheek border is reviewed, explaining the supramarginal appearance of the genal spine. The presence and homology of the sublobation of L1 in odontopleurids is discussed, and it may be homologous with the sublobation in lichids. The strongly differentiated thoracic segmental lengths (exsag.), with maximum length reached in the anterior part of thorax, and the much reduced length of the posterior segments, are aspects of a single character-complex, uniquely derived within the Selenopeltinae. The ontogenetic origin of the anterior and posterior pleural spines is reviewed. The presence in Ceratocephala of two instars in one meraspid degree is discussed. A cladistic analysis of selenopeltine and ceratocephaline genera does not entirely resolve the topology of the phylogenetic tree of these taxa, but it confirms Selenopeltis as sister taxon to Dicranurus. These two genera belong in a clade also including Miraspis, Selenopeltoides, and Ceratonurus. Two new genera are erected, Ceratocara and Archaeopleura, the latter with type species A. kazakhensis sp. nov.

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