Genes, morphology and agreement: congruence in Australian anthracine bee flies (Diptera : Bombyliidae : Anthracinae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine L. Lambkin ◽  
David K. Yeates
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Simultaneous Analysis ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
The World ◽  
Species Groups

Almost half of the 4547 described bee flies (Bombyliidae : Diptera) in the world belong to the subfamily Anthracinae, with most of the world's diversity in three cosmopolitan tribes: Villini, Anthracini and Exoprosopini. Molecular data from 815 base pairs of 16S mitochondrial DNA and morphological characters from species-groups of these tribes in Australia were analysed cladistically. The results show that the relationships between the anthracine tribes reflect those found in a previous morphological analysis. The genera of the Anthracinae in Australia are monophyletic, except for Ligyra Newman, and are assigned to tribes. Although simultaneous analysis of the combined molecular and morphological data produced clades found in both separate analyses, the different data sources are significantly incongruent. We use phylogenetic measures to examine support for the relationships among the Australian Anthracinae inferred by the molecular and morphological data.

Combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of Ephemerellinae (Ephemerellidae: Ephemeroptera), with remarks about classification

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 1991 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. HEATH OGDEN ◽  
JONATHAN T. OSBORNE ◽  
LUKE M. JACOBUS ◽  
MICHAEL F. WHITING
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Extant Genus ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Combined Data

This study represents the first combined molecular and morphological analysis for the mayfly family Ephemerellidae (Ephemeroptera), with a focus on the relationships of genera and species groups of the subfamily Ephemerellinae. The phylogeny was constructed based on DNA sequence data from 3 nuclear (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, histone H3) and 2 mitochondrial (12S rDNA, 16S rDNA) genes, and 23 morphological characters. Taxon sampling for Ephemerellidae included exemplars from all 25 extant genus groups and additional representatives from those genera with the highest diversity. Ephemerellidae appears to consist of three major clades. Ephemerella, the largest genus of Ephemerellidae, and Serratella were not supported as monophyletic, and each had representatives in two of the three major clades. However, the genera Drunella and Cincticostella were supported as monophyletic. Lineages strongly supported as monophyletic include a grouping of the Timpanoginae genera Timpanoga, Dannella, Dentatella and Eurylophella, and groupings of the Ephemerellinae genera Torleya, Hyrtanella and Crinitella and the genera Kangella, Uracanthella and Teloganopsis. The placement of the Timpanoginae genus Attenella fell within Ephemerellinae, based on molecular and combined data, but it grouped with other Timpanoginae based on morphological data alone. Further study and analysis of Ephemerellidae morphology is needed, and classification should be revised, if it is to reflect phylogenetic relationships.

scholarly journals DNA Barcoding: Mixed results for big-headed flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1423 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFFREY H. SKEVINGTON ◽  
CHRISTIAN KEHLMAIER ◽  
GUNILLA STÅHLS
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Taxonomic Decision ◽  
Morphological Species

Sequence data from 658 base pairs of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) were analysed for 28 described species of Pipunculidae (Diptera) in an effort to test the concept of DNA Barcoding on this family. Two recently revised but distantly related pipunculid lineages with presumed different evolutionary histories were used for the test (Clistoabdominalis Skevington, 2001 and Nephrocerus Zetterstedt, 1838). An effort was made to test the concept using sister taxa and morphologically similar sibling species swarms in these two genera. Morphological species concepts for Clistoabdominalis taxa were either supported by cox1 data or found to be too broad. Most of the discordance could be accounted for after reassessing morphological characters. In these cases, the molecular data were invaluable in assisting taxonomic decision-making. The radiation of Nearctic species of Nephrocerus could not be diagnosed using cox1. The ability of cox1 to recover phylogenetic signal was also tested on Clistoabdominalis. Morphological data for Clistoabdominalis were combined with the molecular data set. The pipunculid phylogeny from molecular data closely resembles the published phylogeny based on morphology. Partitioned Bremer support is used to localize areas of conflict between the datasets.

Phylogenetic systematics of day geckos, genus Phelsuma, based on molecular and morphological data (Squamata: Gekkonidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2429 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH ROCHA ◽  
HERBERT RÖSLER ◽  
PHILIP-SEBASTIAN GEHRING ◽  
FRANK GLAW ◽  
DAVID POSADA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Systematics ◽  
Multigene Phylogeny ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

We review the intrageneric systematics of day geckos, genus Phelsuma (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae) in the light of a recently published multigene phylogeny, and provide an overview of 19 selected chromatic, morphological and behavioural characters for all currently recognized species and subspecies in the genus. To replace previous attempts of dividing the genus into phenetic species assemblages, we propose the following monophyletic species groups and summarize the morphological characters that partly support this grouping: Phelsuma barbouri group (P. barbouri, P. pronki); P. dubia group (P. berghofi, P. dubia, P. flavigularis, P. hielscheri, P. malamakibo, P. modesta, P. nigristriata, P. ravenala); P. mutabilis group (P. borai, P. breviceps, P. mutabilis); P. cepediana group (P. borbonica, P. cepediana, P. guentheri, P. guimbeaui, P. inexpectata, P. ornata, P. rosagularis as well as the extinct species P. edwardnewtonii and P. gigas); P. astriata group (P. astriata, P. sundbergi); P. madagascariensis group (P. abbotti, P. grandis, P. guttata, P. kochi, P. madagascariensis, P. parkeri, P. seippi and probably P. masohoala); P. lineata group (P. antanosy, P. comorensis, P. kely, P. lineata, P. pusilla, P. quadriocellata and probably P. hoeschi); P. laticauda group (P. laticauda, P. pasteuri, P. robertmertensi, P. v-nigra); P. klemmeri group (P. klemmeri); P. andamanense group (P. andamanense) and P. standingi group (P. standingi). Due to their equivocal placements based on different molecular markers, we refrain from assigning P. serraticauda and P. vanheygeni to any of these species groups at this time. We complement the molecular data with new trees based on partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene for the P. madagascariensis- and P. lineata groups and propose to elevate P. lineata dorsivittata and P. quadriocellata parva to full species rank as P. dorsivittata and P. parva.

The importance of integrative approaches in nematode taxonomy: the validity of Parapharyngodon and Thelandros as distinct genera

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (05) ◽  
pp. 616-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. De Sousa ◽  
F. Jorge ◽  
M.A. Carretero ◽  
D.J. Harris ◽  
V. Roca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

AbstractDespite the advances of molecular tools, new nematode species are still described mainly based on morphological characters. Parapharyngodon and Thelandros are two genera of oxyurids with unclear related taxonomic histories. Here we use morphological characters (linear measurements and categorical variables) and genetic information (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and COI partial gene sequences) to confirm the relationships between representatives of these two genera and to determine whether they can be discriminated morphologically. Genetic results confirm the existence of two main clades, mostly congruent with Parapharyngodon and Thelandros genera but with several discordances. Thelandros is polyphyletic, with two of the species analysed (T. filiformis and T. tinerfensis) being part of the Thelandros clade, but with a third one (T. galloti) falling within the Parapharyngodon clade. Regarding the Parapharyngodon clade, P. cubensis, P. scleratus and Parapharyngodon sp. from Mexico form congruent lineages, while most P. echinatus samples cluster in another group, with one exception. Interestingly, P. micipsae samples are scattered across the Parapharyngodon clade, suggesting that they were misidentified or rather represent alternative morphotypes of other species. Morphological analysis identified the length of the tail, number of caudal papillae, position of the nerve ring, presence of caudal alae and length of the lateral alae as reliable characters to distinguish between Parapharyngodon and Thelandros genetic clades. Our study highlights the current taxonomic inconsistency in these groups, mainly derived from the exclusive use of morphological data. As such, we advocate for the routine implementation of molecular data in nematode taxonomic studies.

Phylogenetic framework for Dioryctria (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae) based on combined analysis of mitochondrial DNA and morphology

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Du ◽  
Amanda D. Roe ◽  
Felix A.H. Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Combined Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
The North ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Species Groups

AbstractConeworms of the genus Dioryctria Zeller are important lepidopterous pests of conifer cones throughout the Holarctic region. Seventy-nine Dioryctria species are currently recognized and arranged into 11 species groups, but a globally unified classification of these species groups has not been attained. We surveyed 14 Dioryctria species belonging to 7 species groups recognized as being taxonomically problematic. Mitochondrial DNA sequences and morphological characters were used to resolve relationships among and within species groups and species. Sequences were obtained for 2.3 kb of the mitochondrial COI + COII genes and related to 52 morphological characters. Parsimony analyses of separate and combined data showed that (i) the five included Chinese species (D. abietella (Denis and Schiffermüller), D. rubella Hampson, D. nr. rubella, D. magnifica Munroe, and D. yiai Mutuura and Munroe) were distinct from the North American taxa, and their relationships were interspersed among Nearctic and European species; (ii) three of the four species groups represented by more than one species formed robust, well-supported clades (abietella group, sylvestrella group, and zimmermani group) for both mtDNA sequences and morphology; (iii) mtDNA and morphology gave conflicting interspecific and intergroup relationships for the auranticella, schuetzeella, ponderosae, and baumhoferi groups; (iv) all eight species for which more than one specimen was sampled were characterized by discrete clusters of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes, and mtDNA divergences among species in the same species group were generally less than those among species in different species groups; and (v) combining mtDNA data with morphological data increased support for most nodes in the phylogeny, with morphological characters providing support for species groups and mtDNA being essential for distinguishing species within species groups. This study demonstrates the value of a combined analysis of both mtDNA and morphological characters and establishes a phylogenetic framework for broader and more comprehensive studies of Dioryctria species.

The endemic New Guinean genus Murexia (Dasyuromorphia : Dasyuridae). How many species? An analysis based on morphological, distributional and molecular data

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Woolley ◽  
Carey Krajewski ◽  
Michael Westerman
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Multiple Exemplars ◽  
Species Groups

Five species are currently recognised in the dasyurid genus Murexia, i.e. longicaudata, naso, habbema, melanurus and rothschildi. Morphological data, including spacing of premolar teeth, the footpads and aspects of external appearance, together with nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences from multiple exemplars from across the range of each species, suggest that at least three of these represent species groups rather than individual species. Some of the taxa currently synonymised in the five species may warrant reinstatement, including M. murex, M. aspera, M. maxima in the ‘M. longicaudata’ group, M. tafa in the ‘M. naso’ group and M. wilhelmina in the ‘M. melanurus’ group. Our data also suggest the presence of other, synonymised or undescribed taxa within the ‘longicaudata’, ‘naso’, ‘melanurus’ and ‘habbema’ species groups whose species boundaries require clarification by further collections and study.

scholarly journals Disentangling relationships among eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria including description of a novel species from the southern Peloponnese (Greece)

2021 ◽  
Vol 307 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pau Carnicero ◽  
Núria Garcia-Jacas ◽  
Llorenç Sáez ◽  
Theophanis Constantinidis ◽  
Mercè Galbany-Casals
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Aegean Islands ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractThe eastern Mediterranean basin hosts a remarkably high plant diversity. Historical connections between currently isolated areas across the Aegean region and long-distance dispersal events have been invoked to explain current distribution patterns of species. According to most recent treatments, at least two Cymbalaria species occur in this area, Cymbalaria microcalyx and C. longipes. The former comprises several intraspecific taxa, treated at different ranks by different authors based on morphological data, evidencing the need of a taxonomic revision. Additionally, some populations of C. microcalyx show exclusive morphological characters that do not match any described taxon. Here, we aim to shed light on the systematics of eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria and to propose a classification informed by various sources of evidence. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS, 3’ETS, ndhF and rpl32-trnL sequences and estimated the ploidy level of some taxa performing relative genome size measures. Molecular data combined with morphology support the division of traditionally delimited C. microcalyx into C. acutiloba, C. microcalyx and C. minor, corresponding to well-delimited nrDNA lineages. Furthermore, we propose to combine C. microcalyx subsp. paradoxa at the species level. A group of specimens previously thought to belong to Cymbalaria microcalyx constitute a well-defined phylogenetic and morphological entity and are described here as a new species, Cymbalaria spetae. Cymbalaria longipes is non-monophyletic, but characterized by being glabrous and diploid, unlike other eastern species. The nrDNA data suggest at least two dispersals from the mainland to the Aegean Islands, potentially facilitated by marine regressions.

Alpha-taxonomy and phylogeny of African Junoniini butterflies based on morphological data, with an emphasis on genitalia, and COI barcode (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4991 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-433
Author(s):  
TOMASZ W. PYRCZ ◽  
KLAUDIA FLORCZYK ◽  
STEVE COLLINS ◽  
SZABOLCS SÁFIÁN ◽  
OSCAR MAHECHA-J. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
East African ◽  
East African Coast ◽  
Afrotropical Region ◽  
Close Relationship

The tribe Junoniini is a predominantly Paleotropical group of the cosmopolitan butterfly subfamily Nymphalinae (Nymphalidae), with highest diversity in the Afrotropical region. Its systematics and relationships are not entirely resolved. Question marks remain concerning the validity of some genera; and the apparently close relationship between the Indo-Australian genus Yoma and the Afrotropical Protogoniomorpha, as evidenced by molecular phylogenies, remains a puzzle. Here, we present a cladistic analysis, based on 42 characters of the male and female genitalia of 41 species of Junoniini belonging to six genera, nearly all of them continental Afrotropical, and 3 species of two Indo-Australian genera Yoma and Rhinopalpa. A ML COI-based tree is produced for 36 species of Afrotropical Junoniini and Yoma. The molecular data are consistent with previous studies. However, morphological analysis does not confirm a close relationship between Protogoniomorpha and Yoma. Despite the evolution of a number of modifications, the male genitalia within all genera and species of the Junoniini share a cohesive build plan, in particular a transformed sacculus, from which Yoma is highly divergent. The position of the genus Kamilla, previously synonymized with Junonia, is discussed. Three East African coast taxa, Junonia elgiva stat. reinst., Protogoniomorpha nebulosa stat. reinst. and Salamis amaniensis stat. reinst., and one from central Africa, Precis silvicola stat. reinst. are raised to species level, based on comparative analysis of their male genitalia.  

Species delimitation of colour polymorphic Cladophorus (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from New Guinea

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4320 (3) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROMANA KALOUSOVA ◽  
LADISLAV BOCAK
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Colour Patterns

Cladophorus Guérin-Méneville, 1830 are endemic Papuan net-winged beetles which take part in highly diverse Müllerian mimicry rings. Available specimens were sequenced for cox1–tRNA-Leu–cox2 mitochondrial DNA fragment and the species delimitations were based on the genetic distance, phylogenetic analysis, and morphology. Three earlier described species were identified in the recently collected material and further 10 species are described: C. pallescens sp. nov., C. bicolor sp. nov., C. craterensis sp. nov., C. motykai sp. nov., C. mindikensis sp. nov., C. kailakiensis sp. nov., C. manokwarensis sp. nov., C. haiaensis sp. nov., C. humeralis sp. nov., and C. boceki sp. nov. DNA-based identifications provided some ambiguous results and closely related species could not be robustly delimited using solely molecular data. Additionally, the species limits were based on clearly defined morphological characters and the morphological differentiation was found unlinked from the genetic divergence. Colour patterns cannot be used for identification because all species available in more specimens were polymorphic and followed various local co-mimics. The Papuan fauna of Cladophorus is very diverse and the closely related species regularly occur in limited regions. Differentiation within restricted ranges is therefore considered as the main speciation mode. 

Revision of Autolytinae (Syllidae: Polychaeta)

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 680 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARNE NYGREN
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Nomina Dubia ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Combined Data

Autolytinae is revised based on available types, and newly collected specimens. Out of 170 nominal species, 18 are considered as incertae sedis, 43 are regarded as junior synonyms, and 25 are referred to as nomina dubia. The relationships of Autolytinae is assessed from 51 morphological characters and 211 states for 76 ingroup-taxa, and 460 molecular characters from mitochondrial 16S rDNA and nuclear 18S rDNA for 31 ingroup-taxa; outgroups include 12 non-autolytine syllid polychaetes. Two analyses are provided, one including morphological data only, and one with combined morphological and molecular data sets. The resulting strict consensus tree from the combined data is chosen for a reclassification. Three main clades are identified: Procerini trib. n., Autolytini Grube, 1850, and Epigamia gen. n. Proceraea Ehlers, 1864 and Myrianida Milne Edwards, 1845 are referred to as nomen protectum, while Scolopendra Slabber, 1781, Podonereis Blainville, 1818, Amytis Savigny, 1822, Polynice Savigny, 1822, and Nereisyllis Blainville, 1828 are considered

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