Cultural dimensions relevant to antimicrobial stewardship: the contribution of individualism and power distance to perioperative prescribing practices in European hospitals

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 124-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen C. Cheng ◽  
Leon J. Worth
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Prescribing Practices

Power Distance, Political Uncertainty, and Stock Price Crash Risk: International Evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoling Su ◽  
Xunchang Zhang ◽  
Jianming Ye
Keyword(s):  
Stock Price ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Corporate Disclosure ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Political Event ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The Government

This study tests the effect of unbalanced power distance (PD) (i.e., Hofstede’s cultural dimensions PD index) and individual stock price crash risk. We examine the stock price behavior of listed firms in 37 countries from 2004 to 2016 and use multivariate analyses to document that societal PD is important in explaining firms’ propensity to release accounting information. This propensity suggests a psychological tendency regarding timing management, particularly for bad news. As countries with large PD prefer to keep things under control, the result is fewer unexpected stock price crashes during the long windows between election events. However, because large-PD countries focus their markets on maintaining temporary peace before and during periods of political events (i.e., national elections), crash risk increases after the political event window. Consistent with these predictions, we find that in large-PD countries, companies generally have less incentive to hide negative information and thus generate stock price crashes. This situation is substantially changed during the postpolitical windows, when firms and ways of spreading information are more controlled by the government. Our findings suggest that formal mechanisms alone are insufficient to explain the behaviors of corporate disclosure that are entangled with informal instruments.

scholarly journals An assessment of the moderating role of employees’ cultural orientations amongst foreign manufacturing multinational companies in Kenya

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice A. Dimba ◽  
Robert Rugimbana
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Cultural Orientations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Orientation: This article investigates the question, of whether culture really matters in implementing international strategic human resource management (SHRM) practices.Research purpose: Specifically, this study sought to investigate the extent to which employee cultural orientations moderate the link between SHRM practices and firm performance in large foreign manufacturing multinational companies in Kenya. Motivation for the study: Large foreign multinational companies have generally applied SHRM practices without adaptation when trying to improve employee performance even though resource based perspectives argue for the consideration of employees’ cultural orientations. Research design, approach and method: SHRM practices were conceptualised as independent variables measured through distinct practices. Organisational performance as a dependent variable was measured using constructs of image, interpersonal relations, and product quality. Cultural dimensions adopted for this study were power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism or collectivism, and masculinity or femininity. The above conceptual framework was tested by the use of both quantitative and qualitative techniques with data from fifty (50) large foreign multinational companies operating in Kenya. Main findings: Findings indicated that the relationship between SHRM practices and firm performance depend to a greater extent on employee cultural orientations when power distance is considered. Power distance (PD) refers to the extent of people accepting that power in institutions and organisations when distributed unequally. The greater the PD, the greater the acceptance of this inequality. Practical/managerial implications: The study supported the notion that the relationship between SHRM practices and firm performance is moderated by power distance through motivation but not by the other three bipolar dimensions namely, Uncertainty Avoidance, Masculinity or Femininity and Individualism or Collectivism. Contribution/value-add: This is the first large-scale empirical article that has focused on the moderating role of employees’ cultural orientations in large foreign manufacturing companies operating in Kenya.

scholarly journals The Cultural Factors in the MOOC Design in China from Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 13201325
Author(s):  
Xin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Hofstede’S Cultural Dimensions ◽  
High Power Distance ◽  
Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Features

With their massiveness and openness, Moocs have become one of the most widespread and influential online learning forms, which leads to the fact that more and more designers with different cultural backgrounds are getting involved in the course design. As a result, the Mooc design such as the styles of the organization and presentation may correspondingly be influenced by cultural values of the designers, and then become barriers for learners. In order to locate the cultural influence reflected in the Mooc design in China, the introductory videos of three courses published on Coursera, which are designed by three well-known universities in China, are sampled for analysis from the aspects of power distance, individualism/collectivism and masculinity/femininity within the framework of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. The findings indicate that the cultural features of the high-power distance, collectivism and femininity have shown their influence on the designing of these courses.

scholarly journals E-working: Country Versus Culture Dimension

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Michal Beňo
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Geert Hofstede ◽  
Different Cultures

Globalisation and increasing digitisation mean that companies must increasingly orientate themselves internationally in order to become (more) competitive or to remain competitive. Promoting e-working can revitalise rural development. The issue involved is always interaction between people from different cultures, between people who, according to their cultural backgrounds, feel, think and act differently. When cultural diversity and differences are taken into account, greater creativity, more diverse ideas and faster problem solving are achieved. The cultural dimensions, according to Geert Hofstede, offer a comprehensive model for capturing the various expressions of intercultural values. This paper examines the motives for applying e-working in selected European countries in 2018 according to Hofstede’s six dimensions of national culture. Twenty-eight countries from the Eurostat database were analysed (Finland and the Netherlands were excluded, and software detected them in the e-working variable as outliers). Correlation with e-working is statistically significant at PDI (power distance index - negative: the lower the PDI index, the higher the proportion of e-working) and IVR index (indulgence versus restraint - positive: the higher the IVR index, the higher the proportion of e-working).

scholarly journals Do Western Companies Appropriately Adapt Their Indonesian Promotional Websites to an Indonesian Audience? A Study Applying Content Analysis of Cultural Cues Reveals Some Answers

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Philip Michael Ross Smith ◽  
Adrian Wee Tiong Weng ◽  
Suhor Anuar ◽  
Thanapat Kijbumrung
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Cultural Cues ◽  
Website Content

This study explores the depiction of local culture in the Indonesian websites of English and American companies operating in Indonesia. The objective is to evaluate if the websites have been adapted to the local culture of Indonesia. Content analysis was employed in the analysis utilising an instrument applied in many similar types of research on website content analysis. Results of the study suggest that more effort is needed by the foreign companies to adapt their websites to this local cultural environment, particularly with regards to the cultural dimensions of high context, collectivism and power distance.

scholarly journals Leveraging Antimicrobial Stewardship in the Emergency Department to Improve the Quality of Urinary Tract Infection Management and Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C J Jorgensen ◽  
Samantha L Yeung ◽  
Mira Zurayk ◽  
Jill Terry ◽  
Maureen Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Audit And Feedback ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Return Visits

Abstract Background The complex and fast-paced emergency department (ED) practice setting presents unique challenges that demand a tailored approach to antimicrobial stewardship. In this article, we describe the strategies applied by 1 institution’s antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) that were successful in improving prescribing practices and outcomes for urinary tract infection (UTI) in the ED. Methods Core strategies included pre-implementation research characterizing the patient population, antimicrobial resistance patterns, prescribing behavior, and morbidity related to infection; collaboration across multiple disciplines; development and implementation of a UTI treatment algorithm; education to increase awareness of the algorithm and the background and rationale supporting it; audit and feedback; and early evaluation of post-implementation outcomes. Results We observed a rapid change in prescribing post-implementation with increased empiric nitrofurantoin use and reduced cephalosporin use (P < .05). Our elevation of nitrofurantoin to firstline status was supported by our post-implementation analysis showing that its use was independently associated with reduced 30-day return visits (adjusted odds ratio, 0.547; 95% confidence interval, 0.312–0.960). Furthermore, despite a shift to a higher risk population and a corresponding decrease in antimicrobial susceptibility rates post-implementation, the preferential use of nitrofurantoin did not result in higher bug-drug mismatches while 30-day return visits to the ED remained stable. Conclusions We demonstrate that an outcomes-based ASP can impart meaningful change to knowledge and attitudes affecting prescribing practices in the ED. The success of our program may be used by other institutions as support for ASP expansion to the ED.

Firm Performance and Employee Downsizing: The Moderating Role of National Culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Andre Honoree ◽  
Mario Krenn
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Moderating Role

A limitation in the downsizing literature is its lack of attention on how firms’ institutional context interacts with firm’s internal drivers of employee downsizing. This study examines the firm performance - employee downsizing relationship in 1,747 firms across 35 countries over three years and demonstrates that while this relationship is similar among firms across countries, its magnitude varies across countries, and that the cultural dimensions of in-group collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance help explain this variance. Implications from these findings and future directions for employee downsizing research and practice are discussed.

Examining the effect of functional diversity on organizational team innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gladys Esinu Abiew ◽  
Eugene Okyere-Kwakye ◽  
Florence Yaa Akyia Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Innovation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose Underpinned by the information processing theory, this study aims to investigate the relationship between functional diversity and team innovation by examining the moderating role of some selected cultural dimensions (power distance, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity-femininity) in the relationship between functional diversity and innovation. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative research method was used using a structured questionnaire as a tool to collect data from 251 respondents drawn from research institutions in Ghana. Data was analysed using simple regression and hierarchical multiple regression. In addition, a structural equation model was used to conduct confirmatory factor analyses to examine whether the variables in the hypothesized model for the study captured distinct constructs that the variables were designed to measure. Findings The study revealed that functional diversity was positively related to team innovation. The study also found that functionally diverse groups are more innovative when they exhibit low uncertainty avoidance, femininity and low power distance. Practical implications These findings suggest that practices such as team communication, honesty, respect and trust would foster team unity and commitment, which would enable members to share diverse expertise towards the creation and execution of new ideas and improvement of productivity in the country. Originality/value The study examined the relationship between functional diversity and team innovation by examining the moderating role of some selected cultural dimensions (power distance, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity-femininity) in the relationship between functional diversity and innovation.

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