Harnessing leaf photosynthetic traits and antioxidant defence for multiple stress tolerance in three premium indigenous rice landraces of Jeypore tract of Odisha, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Debabrata Panda ◽  
Biswajeet Mohanty ◽  
Prafulla K. Behera ◽  
Jijnasa Barik ◽  
Swati S. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Multiple Stresses ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Rice Landraces ◽  
Psii Activity ◽  
Check Variety ◽  
Use Efficiency

The aim of the present research was to compare the effects of different abiotic stresses (drought, salinity and submergence) on growth, photosynthesis and PSII activity along with antioxidant defence of three premium rice landraces, namely Kalajeera, Machhakanta and Haladichudi from Jeypore tract of Odisha, India to evaluate their performance under multiple stresses and possibility of using in the pre-breeding programs. Results showed that drought, salinity and submergence significantly reduced plant growth, leaf photosynthesis, water use efficiency (WUE), carboxylation efficiency (CE), PSII activity and SPAD chlorophyll index, and the highest effect was observed in susceptible check variety (IR64). In addition, the indigenous rice lines showed better stomatal traits such as stomatal density (SD), stomatal size (SS) and stomatal number per leaf area (S/LA). Notably, higher activities of antioxidative enzymes and proline accumulation was observed in studied indigenous rice landraces and were found comparable with the drought and salinity tolerant (N22) and submergence tolerant (FR13A) check varieties. Based on our findings it was revealed that these landraces can be expected to possess an adequate level of tolerance to drought, salinity and submergence and showed adaptive fitness to multiple stresses during seedling stage. These landraces can be considered as potential donor for future rice pre-breeding program.

scholarly journals The Receptor-Like Kinase ERECTA Confers Improved Water Use Efficiency and Drought Tolerance to Poplar via Modulating Stomatal Density

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7245
Author(s):  
Huiguang Li ◽  
Yanli Yang ◽  
Houling Wang ◽  
Sha Liu ◽  
Fuli Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Populus Nigra ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Use Efficiency

Poplar is one of the most important tree species in the north temperate zone, but poplar plantations are quite water intensive. We report here that CaMV 35S promoter-driven overexpression of the PdERECTA gene, which is a member of the LRR-RLKs family from Populus nigra × (Populus deltoides × Populus nigra), improves water use efficiency and enhances drought tolerance in triploid white poplar. PdERECTA localizes to the plasma membrane. Overexpression plants showed lower stomatal density and larger stomatal size. The abaxial stomatal density was 24–34% lower and the stomatal size was 12–14% larger in overexpression lines. Reduced stomatal density led to a sharp restriction of transpiration, which was about 18–35% lower than the control line, and instantaneous water use efficiency was around 14–63% higher in overexpression lines under different conditions. These phenotypic changes led to increased drought tolerance. PdERECTA overexpression plants not only survived longer after stopping watering but also performed better when supplied with limited water, as they had better physical and photosynthesis conditions, faster growth rate, and higher biomass accumulation. Taken together, our data suggest that PdERECTA can alter the development pattern of stomata to reduce stomatal density, which then restricts water consumption, conferring enhanced drought tolerance to poplar. This makes PdERECTA trees promising candidates for establishing more water use efficient plantations.

scholarly journals Leaf Anatomical Adaptation Under Early Drought Stress of Sugarcane Cultivars – KKU-1999-02 and KKU-1999-03

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Worasitikulya Taratima ◽  
Thapakorn Ritmaha ◽  
Nakorn Jongrungklang ◽  
Pitakpong Maneerattanarungroj
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Cuticle Thickness ◽  
Anatomical Adaptation

Abstract Anatomical adaptation is an important feature that allows plants to mitigate drought stress. A comparative leaf anatomy of two drought-tolerant sugarcane cultivars, KKU-1999-02 and KKU-1999-03, was studied in early drought stress between 30 and 90 days after planting using peeling and freehand sectioning methods. KKU-1999-02 and KKU-1999-03 showed different anatomical adaptation features, such as increase in cuticle thickness, bulliform cell size, vascular bundle, and stomatal density, and decreases in leaf thickness and stomatal size. KKU-1999-02 showed more remarkable anatomical changes than KKU-1999-03. The results provide important information that can be applied in combination with other agronomic traits in sugarcane breeding programs to expand the adaptation devices of tolerant cultivars under preliminary drought stress.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF FORAGE CACTUS VARIETIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIPE LIMA DE AMORIM ◽  
JANAINA AZEVEDO MARTUSCELLO ◽  
JOSÉ TEODORICO DE ARAÚJO FILHO ◽  
DANIEL DE NORONHA FIGUEIREDO VIEIRA DA CUNHA ◽  
LIANA JANK
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT: Cultivars of the genus Nopalea are known in Brazil for being tolerant to cochineal carmine attacks, thus making the cultivation of this genus a promising alternative for mitigating the negative effects of this insect on the production of biomass. With the objectives of characterizing morphologically spineless forage cactus varieties and identify morphological characteristics that may be the focus in spineless forage cactus breeding programs, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with 11 treatments and four replications. The variety Alagoas showed the highest values of weight, area and volume of cladodes. The varieties Negro Michoacan F7 and V7, Tamazunchale V12 showed the highest values of the cladode area index, the total volume of cladodes and total fresh mass production. The varieties Negro Michoacan V7 and F7 presented the highest water use efficiency and dry mass yield. Cladode volume showed the highest correlation coefficients with the fresh weight of cladodes. Aiming the release of varieties for biomass production, varieties Negro Michoacan F7, V7 and Tamazunchale V12 may substitute the Miúda variety. The number and cladode area index may be used as criteria for selection of superior varieties in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Screening of Wild Strawberry Genotypes against Iron Deficiency under Greenhouse Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayfer Alkan TORUN ◽  
Nazife ERDEM ◽  
Yildiz AKA KACAR ◽  
Sedat SERCE
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Deficiency Symptom ◽  
Wild Strawberry ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Spad Meter

The cultivated strawberry Fragaria × ananassa Duch. is the natural hybrid of F. chiloensis (L.) Mill. and F. virginiana Mill. The progenitor species have high genetic diversity compared with the cultivated genotypes; therefore, the use of wild relative in F. chiloensis breeding could provide a good for broadening the available genetic variations of cultivated species. In present study, 13 genotypes selected from strawberry super core collection were tested under Fe (-) and Fe (+) conditions for their response against Fe deficiency conditions in a growth medium (GM) (soil + sand + perlite), potentially able to simulate the actual GM in nature. SPAD-meter readings indicating chlorophyll levels of the leaf, shoot dry matter yield, Fe-efficiency rate, shoot total and active Fe concentrations were determined to evaluate the resistance levels of strawberry genotypes against Fe deficiency. Results of this study indicated that different response for strawberry subspecies and genotypes of the same subspecies grown in GM against Fe deficiency. Symptom for Fe deficiency of genotypes varied between 1-5, SPAD-meter readings 3, shoot dry matter yields and shoot Fe concentrations varied between 6.5-38, 1.02-6.06 g plant-1 and 41.8-233.1 mg kg-1 respectively. Iron-efficiencies of genotypes were found between 58–98%. Strawberry subspecies, F. virginiana spp. glauca, F. chiloensis ssp. chiloensis and F. chiloensis ssp. pacifica showed Fe-efficiency values of 93.8, 79.5 and 79.1% respectively. We concluded that shoot growth performance, Fe intake from GM, transfer of Fe from roots to shoots, shoot Fe-use efficiency, Fe deficiency symptom levels and SPAD-meter readings indicating chlorophyll levels were significant parameters to evaluate the resistance of strawberry genotypes against Fe deficiency. The most Fe-efficient genotypes belonging to F. virginiana spp. glauca could be used in breeding programs aiming at developing new strawberry genotypes suitable for growing under Fe deficient conditions.

scholarly journals Growth and leaf epidermal response of three Sesamum indicum varieties to industrial effluent irrigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Abdul Rahaman ◽  
OM Olaniran ◽  
FA Oladele
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Stomatal Index ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Epidermal Features

The effect of industrial effluents was studied with respect to growth and leaf anatomy of three Sesamum indicum varieties (NGB 00931, NGB 00937 and NGB 00939). Industrial effluents (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) from two industries are used to irrigate the plants. Although, the control plants possessed larger leaves and longer stems than the effluent-treated plants, at lower concentration, the plant growth is relatively higher. Gradual decrease in the germination of seeds and seedling growth with increase in effluent concentration was observed. The best germination and seedling growth was observed at the 25% concentration. Leaf epidermal features (stomatal density, stomatal index, stomatal size, trichome density, tricome index, trichome size and number of epidermal cells) are more influenced in the effluent-treated plants than in the control plants from the Peace Standard Pharmaceutical Industry than in the effluent from the Global Soap & Detergent Industry. Thus the industrial effluents can be safely used for irrigation purposes with proper treatment and dilution at 25%.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(1), 1-6, 2017

scholarly journals Diffuse light weakens the dorsoventral asymmetry of photosynthesis in sorghum leaves

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Wang ◽  
Huifeng Yan ◽  
Yuanzheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Transmitted Light ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Diffuse Light ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Stomatal Sensitivity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Changing Light ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Dorsoventral asymmetry of photosynthesis is important for light use patterns, but the asymmetry changes with environments. Photosynthetic asymmetry was have been intensively studied for their role in light use efficiency, but less is know about the impact of light properties on asymmetry. Aimed at the current changing fraction of diffuse light in sky radiation, this study investigated dorsoventral asymmetry of photosynthetic traits in direct, diffuse and self-transmitted light (residual light intercepted by one surface) respectively in an important food and energy crop, Sorghum bicolor L. An unique designed method was used to investigate the specific gas exchange of two surfaces in different light properties. We found that anatomical and morphological traits were obviously different in sorghum leaves, which might cause the photosynthetic asymmetry, the variation of photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance was significant between two surfaces in direct and self-transmitted light, but insignificant in diffuse light. The abaxial stomatal sensitivity of single stoma was lower, while the higher stomatal density in abaxial surface compensated the weakness in stomatal sensitivity. Comparing to direct and self-transmitted light, diffuse light reduced the stomatal sensitivity, while the degree of decline was higher in adaxial surface, which caused weak dorsoventral asymmetry in photosynthesis. Taken together, the finding of this study suggested that stomatal sensitivity determined the degree of dorsoventral asymmetry in the susceptibility to light properties. The different stomatal sensitivity regulated photosynthetic variation, which was benefit to remain high photosynthetic rate in high and changing light. The findings provided new insight in to dorsoventral asymmetry and impact of diffuse light on photosynthesis in isobilateral leaves.

scholarly journals Changes in Foliar Functional Traits of S. pyrenaicus subsp. carpetanus under the Ongoing Climate Change: A Retrospective Survey

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Rosina Magaña Ugarte ◽  
Adrián Escudero ◽  
Daniel Sánchez Mata ◽  
Rosario G. Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Physiological Approach ◽  
Stomatal Traits

The sensitivity of stomatal behavior and patterning (i.e., distribution, density, size) to environmental stimuli, renders them crucial for defining the physiological performance of leaves. Thus, assessing long-term modifications in stomatal traits in conserved specimens arises as a valuable eco-physiological approach to predict how the rising trend of warmer, drier summers could affect plant fitness; particularly in mountain areas already experiencing climate aggravation and lacking the related monitoring schemes like Mediterranean high-mountains. Variations in foliar and stomatal traits were studied in conserved specimens of Senecio pyrenaicus subsp. carpetanus from Sierra de Guadarrama over the past 71 years. Our findings revealed decreasing trends in leaf width, stomatal size, and increasing tendency in stomatal density, all correlated with the recent 30-year climate exacerbation in these mountains. This evidenced a positive selection favoring traits that allow safeguarding plant performance under drier, hotter weather conditions. The significant relation between stomatal traits and climatic variables upholds the role of stomatal patterning in sensing environmental cues in this species, feasibly optimizing physiological responses involved in the growth–water loss trade-off. The transition to smaller, densely packed stomata observed in recent decades could indicate local-adaptive plasticity in this species, enhancing stomatal response, as coarser environmental conditions take place in Sierra de Guadarrama.

scholarly journals Why are not all chilies hot? A trade-off limits pungency

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1735) ◽  
pp. 2012-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Haak ◽  
Leslie A. McGinnis ◽  
Douglas J. Levey ◽  
Joshua J. Tewksbury
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Reducing Gas ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Capsicum Chacoense

Evolutionary biologists increasingly recognize that evolution can be constrained by trade-offs, yet our understanding of how and when such constraints are manifested and whether they restrict adaptive divergence in populations remains limited. Here, we show that spatial heterogeneity in moisture maintains a polymorphism for pungency (heat) among natural populations of wild chilies ( Capsicum chacoense ) because traits influencing water-use efficiency are functionally integrated with traits controlling pungency (the production of capsaicinoids). Pungent and non-pungent chilies occur along a cline in moisture that spans their native range in Bolivia, and the proportion of pungent plants in populations increases with greater moisture availability. In high moisture environments, pungency is beneficial because capsaicinoids protect the fruit from pathogenic fungi, and is not costly because pungent and non-pungent chilies grown in well-watered conditions produce equal numbers of seeds. In low moisture environments, pungency is less beneficial as the risk of fungal infection is lower, and carries a significant cost because, under drought stress, seed production in pungent chilies is reduced by 50 per cent relative to non-pungent plants grown in identical conditions. This large difference in seed production under water-stressed (WS) conditions explains the existence of populations dominated by non-pungent plants, and appears to result from a genetic correlation between pungency and stomatal density: non-pungent plants, segregating from intra-population crosses, exhibit significantly lower stomatal density ( p = 0.003), thereby reducing gas exchange under WS conditions. These results demonstrate the importance of trait integration in constraining adaptive divergence among populations.

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