The role of NO in plant response to salt stress: interactions with polyamines

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 865
Author(s):  
Natalia Napieraj ◽  
Małgorzata Reda ◽  
Małgorzata Janicka
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
No Donors ◽  
Signalling Molecule ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Ionic Effects

Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that limits plant growth and productivity. High concentrations of sodium chloride can cause osmotic and ionic effects. This stress minimises a plant’s ability to uptake water and minerals, and increases Na+ accumulation in the cytosol, thereby disturbing metabolic processes. Prolonged plant exposure to salt stress can lead to oxidative stress and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Higher plants developed some strategies to cope with salt stress. Among these, mechanisms involving nitric oxide (NO) and polyamines (PAs) are particularly important. NO is a key signalling molecule that mediates a variety of physiological functions and defence responses against abiotic stresses in plants. Under salinity conditions, NO donors increase growth parameters, reduce Na+ toxicity, maintain ionic homeostasis, stimulate osmolyte accumulation and prevent damages caused by ROS. NO enhances salt tolerance of plants via post-translational protein modifications through S-nitrosylation of thiol groups, nitration of tyrosine residues and modulation of multiple gene expression. Several reviews have reported on the role of polyamines in modulating salt stress plant response and the capacity to enhance PA synthesis upon salt stress exposure, and it is known that NO and PAs interact under salinity. In this review, we focus on the role of NO in plant response to salt stress, paying particular attention to the interaction between NO and PAs.

Chitinase gene expression in transgenic plants: a molecular approach to understanding plant defence responses

1993 ◽  
Vol 342 (1301) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Chitinase Gene ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Plant Defence Responses

Recent studies suggest that the production of enzymes capable of degrading the cell walls of invading phytopathogenic fungi may be an important component of the defence response of plants. In this chapter, we summarize recent progress on the isolation and characterization of chitinolytic enzymes from higher plants. Emphasis is placed on experiments designed to study the regulation of chitinase gene expression in response to ethylene treatment or pathogen ingress and on determining the role of this enzyme in plant defence. The production of transgenic plants with enhanced resistance to attack by the fungal pathogen Rhizodonia solani is discussed.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Enzymatic Activities and Growth Response of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) to Exogenous Selenium Application

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Ahlam Khalofah ◽  
Hussein Migdadi ◽  
Ehab El-Harty
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
High Concentrations

Selenium is a trace element essential to many organisms, including higher plants. At low concentrations, it enhances growth and development; however, it is toxic at high concentrations. The development of crops with proper levels of selenium will be worth for both nutrition and Se-based therapeutics. This study aimed to investigate the morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of the quinoa plant to 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/L of Na2SeO3·5H2O. Selenium at low concentrations (2.5 and 5 mg/L), quinoa plant showed a significant increase of growth parameters, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, proline, total soluble sugars, and antioxidant enzymes activities as (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)), and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 were reduced. However, high concentrations (10 and 20) mg/L caused a decrease in plant growth parameters, relative water content, and photosynthetic pigments. In contrast, excess selenium increased the oxidative stress monitored by hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation levels. The enzymatic antioxidant system responded to the selenium supply significantly increased. Osmolytes compounds, such as total sugars and proline, increased in selenium-treated plants. The increase in these osmolytes compounds may show a defense mechanism for the osmotic readjustment of quinoa plants to mitigate the toxicity caused by selenium. This study shows the morphological and physiological responses that must be considered for success in the sustainable cultivation of quinoa plants in environments containing excess selenium.

scholarly journals Biochemical and growth responses of silver maple (Acer saccharinumL.) to sodium chloride and calcium chloride

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Patykowski ◽  
Jeremi Kołodziejek ◽  
Mateusz Wala
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
One Year

The present research investigated the response of silver maple (Acer saccharinumL.) to salt treatment. The short- and long-term effects of NaCl and CaCl2treatments on plant fitness characteristics (growth parameters, leaf chlorophyll content) and biochemical stress-coping mechanisms (proline accumulation as well as enzymatic activities) were examined. We found that the silver maple response to salt stress strictly depended on salt type and dose—calcium chloride was less toxic than sodium chloride, but high concentrations of both salts negatively influenced plant growth. The accumulation of proline, slight changes in the activity of superoxide dismutase and marked changes in catalase and peroxidase activities in the roots and leaves indicated complexity of the plant response. It was also shown that after one year, enzymatic parameters were restabilized, which indicates plant recovery, but the reduced mass of seedlings suggests that one year is not enough to cope with the prolonged cyclic salt stress, both resulting from NaCl and CaCl2application. Therefore, seedlings of silver maple should be considered as moderately susceptible to salinity. Hence, it is recommended to use silver maple on non-de-iced urban areas, while planting on often de-iced roads should be avoided.

The effect of acetylcholine on Characeae K+ channels at rest and during action potential generation

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1066-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma Kisnieriene ◽  
Tatiana Ditchenko ◽  
Anatoly Kudryashov ◽  
Vidmantas Sakalauskas ◽  
Vladimir Yurin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Action Potential Generation ◽  
Potential Generation ◽  
K Channels ◽  
Potassium Ion Transport ◽  
Signalling Molecule ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Atpase Inhibition

AbstractThe role of acetylcholine (ACh) as a signalling molecule in plants was investigated using a model system of Characeae cells. The effect of ACh on conductance of K+ channels in Nitella flexilis cells and on the action potential generation in Nitellopsis obtusa cells after H+-ATPase inhibition, where repolarization occurs after the opening of outward rectifying K+ channels, was investigated. Voltage-clamp method based on only one electrode impalement was used to evaluate the activity of separate potassium ion transport system at rest. We found that ACh at high concentrations (1 mM and 5 mM) activates K+ channels as the main membrane transport system at the resting state involved in electrogenesis of Characeaen membrane potential. We observed that ACh caused an increase in duration of AP repolarization of cells in K+ state when plasmalemma electrical characteristics are determined by large conductance K+ channels irrespective of whether AP were spontaneous or electrically evoked. These results indicate interference of ACh with electrical cellular signalling pathway in plants.

scholarly journals Ascorbic Acid and/or 24-Epibrassinolide Trigger Physiological and Biochemical Responses for the Salt Stress Mitigation in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrama Prakash Upadhyaya ◽  
Deepak Singh Bagri ◽  
Devanshi Chandel Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

In the present study, we examined the role of ascorbic acid (AsA, vitamin C) and/or 24-epibrassinolide (EBL, an active BR) in mitigation of salt-induced stress in potato (Solanum tuberousum L). The 10-d-old plants were exposed to 150 mM NaCl and they were subsequently treated by ASA and/or EBL. The salt stress reduced significantly the plant growth, tuber yield, total chlorophyll and increased proline content and electrolyte leakage in the leaves. Toxic effects induced by salt stress were completely overcome by the combined exogenous application of AsA and EBL. The AsA and/or EBL treatments improved the growth parameters of the salt treated plants, such as shoot length, tuber number and size, fresh and dry mass and other physiological parameters. Our data also indicated that applications of AsA and EBL up-regulated the stress regulating plant hormone such as IAA, IBA and activities of the antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and under salt stress. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(4): 655-667

scholarly journals Role of Cystoseira mediterranea extracts (Sauv.) in the Alleviation of salt stress adverse effect and enhancement of some Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) growth parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Bensidhoum ◽  
El-hafid Nabti
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

AbstractCystoseira mediterranea (Sauv.) extract was tested for its ability to restore barley (Hordeum vulgare) growth under salt stress (350 mM NaCl), shoot growth; membrane integrity; lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide determination were performed. In normal conditions, the obtained data revealed the ability of the extract to stimulate most of barley growth parameters. However, it showed significant effect on most of barley growth parameters (plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots) and chlorophyll content, under salt stress. The measurement of stress parameters (membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide) revealed significant effect of C. mediterranea extract on reducing the deleterious impact of salt stress on barley seedlings.

scholarly journals The role of hydrogen peroxide in regulation of plant metabolism and cellular signalling in response to environmental stresses.

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Slesak ◽  
Marta Libik ◽  
Barbara Karpinska ◽  
Stanislaw Karpinski ◽  
Zbigniew Miszalski
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Oxygenic Photosynthesis ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Signalling Molecule ◽  
Defence Responses

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is produced predominantly in plant cells during photosynthesis and photorespiration, and to a lesser extent, in respiration processes. It is the most stable of the so-called reactive oxygen species (ROS), and therefore plays a crucial role as a signalling molecule in various physiological processes. Intra- and intercellular levels of H2O2 increase during environmental stresses. Hydrogen peroxide interacts with thiol-containing proteins and activates different signalling pathways as well as transcription factors, which in turn regulate gene expression and cell-cycle processes. Genetic systems controlling cellular redox homeostasis and H2O2 signalling are discussed. In addition to photosynthetic and respiratory metabolism, the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the generation of H2O2, which regulates plant growth, development, acclimatory and defence responses. During various environmental stresses the highest levels of H2O2 are observed in the leaf veins. Most of our knowledge about H2O2 in plants has been obtained from obligate C3 plants. The potential role of H2O2 in the photosynthetic mode of carbon assimilation, such as C4 metabolism and CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism) is discussed. We speculate that early in the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis on Earth, H2O2 could have been involved in the evolution of modern photosystem II.

Salt Stress Responses of Higher Plants: The Role of Proton Pumps and Na+/H+-Antiporters

1996 ◽  
Vol 148 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Rausch ◽  
Matthias Kirsch ◽  
Rawer Löw ◽  
Angelika Lehr ◽  
Ruth Viereck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Proton Pumps

scholarly journals Hydrogen Peroxide: Its Role in Plant Biology and Crosstalk with Signalling Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Černý ◽  
Hana Habánová ◽  
Miroslav Berka ◽  
Markéta Luklová ◽  
Břetislav Brzobohatý
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Signalling Network ◽  
Signalling Molecule ◽  
Transcriptomics Data ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Nanomolar Range ◽  
Biology Research

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is steadily gaining more attention in the field of molecular biology research. It is a major REDOX (reduction–oxidation reaction) metabolite and at high concentrations induces oxidative damage to biomolecules, which can culminate in cell death. However, at concentrations in the low nanomolar range, H2O2 acts as a signalling molecule and in many aspects, resembles phytohormones. Though its signalling network in plants is much less well characterized than are those of its counterparts in yeast or mammals, accumulating evidence indicates that the role of H2O2-mediated signalling in plant cells is possibly even more indispensable. In this review, we summarize hydrogen peroxide metabolism in plants, the sources and sinks of this compound and its transport via peroxiporins. We outline H2O2 perception, its direct and indirect effects and known targets in the transcriptional machinery. We focus on the role of H2O2 in plant growth and development and discuss the crosstalk between it and phytohormones. In addition to a literature review, we performed a meta-analysis of available transcriptomics data which provided further evidence for crosstalk between H2O2 and light, nutrient signalling, temperature stress, drought stress and hormonal pathways.

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