Enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities in developing anther contributes to heat stress alleviation and sustains grain yield in wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharad K. Dwivedi ◽  
Sahana Basu ◽  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Surbhi Kumari ◽  
Alok Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Wheat Genotype ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

Climatic variations along with a rise in temperature during the winter season impose severe heat stress during the anthesis stage of spring wheat, resulting in severe yield losses. The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of heat stress on redox homeostasis in developing anthers and flag leaves of wheat. Five Indian bread wheat genotypes were studied under field conditions during the dry season, with two extreme sowing dates (timely and very late sown) to explore the effect of heat stress on anthesis stage. Results showed that elevated temperature during anthesis caused significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in developing anthers, triggering pollen mortality. Moreover, defective source (leaf) to the sink (anthers) mobilisation of starch also contributes in reducing pollen viability. However, ROS-induced oxidative damage of developing anthers under heat stress varied among the wheat genotypes depending upon differential antioxidant enzyme activities. Wheat genotype with enhanced antioxidant activities and reduced ROS built up in developing anthers sustained their grain yield, suggesting thermo-tolerance in wheat to be associated with antioxidant enzyme-mediated improved ROS-scavenging mechanism not only in leaves even in developing anther also. In the present study, heat stressed wheat genotype WH 730 exhibited effective source to sink mobilisation and sustainable grain yield with improved ROS scavenging, conferring greater potential for heat tolerance. We conclude that redox homeostasis and balanced source sink activity played a significant role for sustainable yield and heat tolerance in wheat.

scholarly journals Chitosan (CTS) Alleviates Heat-Induced Leaf Senescence in Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Chlorophyll Metabolism, Antioxidant Defense, and the Heat Shock Pathway

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5337
Author(s):  
Cheng Huang ◽  
Yulong Tian ◽  
Bingbing Zhang ◽  
Muhammad Jawad Hassan ◽  
Zhou Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism

Chitosan (CTS) is a deacetylated derivative of chitin that is involved in adaptive response to abiotic stresses. However, the regulatory role of CTS in heat tolerance is still not fully understood in plants, especially in grass species. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the CTS could reduce heat-induced senescence and damage to creeping bentgrass associated with alterations in antioxidant defense, chlorophyll (Chl) metabolism, and the heat shock pathway. Plants were pretreated exogenously with or without CTS (0.1 g L−1) before being exposed to normal (23/18 °C) or high-temperature (38/33 °C) conditions for 15 days. Heat stress induced detrimental effects, including declines in leaf relative water content and photochemical efficiency, but significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, membrane lipid peroxidation, and Chl loss in leaves. The exogenous application of CTS significantly alleviated heat-induced damage in creeping bentgrass leaves by ameliorating water balance, ROS scavenging, the maintenance of Chl metabolism, and photosynthesis. Compared to untreated plants under heat stress, CTS-treated creeping bentgrass exhibited a significantly higher transcription level of genes involved in Chl biosynthesis (AsPBGD and AsCHLH), as well as a lower expression level of Chl degradation-related gene (AsPPH) and senescence-associated genes (AsSAG12, AsSAG39, Asl20, and Ash36), thus reducing leaf senescence and enhancing photosynthetic performance under heat stress. In addition, the foliar application of CTS significantly improved antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, POD, and APX), thereby effectively reducing heat-induced oxidative damage. Furthermore, heat tolerance regulated by the CTS in creeping bentgrass was also associated with the heat shock pathway, since AsHSFA-6a and AsHSP82 were significantly up-regulated by the CTS during heat stress. The potential mechanisms of CTS-regulated thermotolerance associated with other metabolic pathways still need to be further studied in grass species.

scholarly journals Genetic variations, heritability, heat tolerance indices and correlations studies for traits of bread wheat genotypes under high temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 672-686
Author(s):  
Elfadil Mohamed Elbashier ◽  
Elfadil Mohammed Eltayeb Elbashier ◽  
Siddig Esa Idris2 ◽  
Wuletaw Tadesse ◽  
Izzat S.A. Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Tolerance Indices

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to study the genetic variability, heritability, heat tolerance indices and phenotypic and genotypic correlation studies for traits of 250 elite International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) bread wheat genotypes under high temperature in Wad Medani, Center in Sudan.Design/methodology/approachBread wheat is an important food on a global level and is used in the form of different products. High temperature associated with climate change is considered to be a detrimental stress in the future on world wheat production. A total of 10,250 bread wheat genotypes selected from different advanced yield trials introduction from ICARDA and three checks including were grown in two sowing dates (SODs) (1st and 2nd) 1st SOD heat stress and 2nd SOD non-stress at the Gezira Research Farm, of the Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad Medani, Sudan.FindingsAn alpha lattice design with two replications was used to assess the presence of phenotypic and genotypic variations of different traits, indices for heat stress and heat tolerance for 20 top genotypes and phenotypic and genotypic correlations. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the characters. A wide range, 944-4,016 kg/ha in the first SOD and 1,192-5,120 kg/ha in the second SOD, was found in grain yield. The average yield on the first SOD is less than that of the secondnd SOD by 717.7 kg/ha, as the maximum and minimum temperatures were reduced by 3ºC each in the second SOD when compared to the first SOD of the critical stage of crop growth shown.Research limitations/implicationsSimilar wide ranges were found in all morpho-physiological traits studied. High heritability in a broad sense was estimated for days to heading and maturity. Moderate heritability estimates found for grain yield ranged from 44 to 63.6 per cent, biomass ranged from 37.8 to 49.1 per cent and canopy temperature (CT) after heading ranged from 44.2 to 48 per cent for the first and secondnd SODs. The top 20 genotypes are better than the better check in the two sowing dates and seven genotypes (248, 139, 143, 27, 67, 192 and 152) were produced high grain yield under both 1st SOD and 2nd SOD.Practical implicationsThe same genotypes in addition to Imam (check) showed smaller tolerance (TOL) values, indicating that these genotypes had a smaller yield reduction under heat-stressed conditions and that they showed a higher heat stress susceptibility index (SSI). A smaller TOL and a higher SSI are favored. Both phenotypic and genotypic correlations of grain yield were positively and significantly correlated with biomass, harvest index, number of spikes/m2, number of seeds/spike and days to heading and maturity in both SODs and negatively and significantly correlated with canopy temperature before and after heading in both SODs.Originality/valueGenetic variations, heritability, heat tolerance indices and correlation studies for traits of bread wheat genotypes under high temperature

Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase during epididymal maturation and prolonged storage of spermatozoa in the Mexican big-eared bat (Corynorhinus mexicanus)

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 1556-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Arenas-Ríos ◽  
M A León-Galván ◽  
P E Mercado ◽  
A Rosado
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Epididymal Spermatozoon

We studied the activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes during epididymal spermatozoon maturation and storage in Corynorhinus mexicanus (G.M. Allen, 1916), a vespertilionid bat that stores spermatozoa in the epididymides for several months after regression of the testes. Depending on the phase of the epididymal reproductive cycle, two different patterns of antioxidant enzyme activities were observed in C. mexicanus. Catalase activity is clearly present in both caput and cauda epididymides throughout the entire annual reproductive cycle, being particularly high during the post-testicular phase of epididymal function. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, present during the testicular phase of epididymal transport and maturation of spermatozoa, is almost completely absent or inhibited in both epididymal segments during the post-testicular epididymal storage period. GPx activity is low during the testicular phase of epididymal spermatozoon maturation and is high in both epididymal segments during the storage phase of epididymal function. From our results, we postulate that (i) the pattern of epididymal antioxidant enzyme activities in C. mexicanus is significantly different from the pattern that is proposed to be unique for mammals; (ii) epididymal function in these species of bats can be clearly divided into two phases, a testicular-dependent phase that is related to the spermatozoon maturation function of the epididymides and a testicular-independent phase that is related to the long-term spermatozoon storage function observed in these mammals; (iii) the study of the regulation of the redox potential of the microenvironment, associated with mammalian spermatozoa as they transit through the epididymides, must be particularly focused on the anatomical region where ROS generation scavenging and spermatozoon maturation storage processes take place.

scholarly journals Roles of Nitrogen Deep Placement on Grain Yield, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Mechanical Pot-Seedling Transplanting Rice

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1252
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Hua Tian ◽  
Zhaowen Mo ◽  
Umair Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Deep Placement ◽  
Use Efficiency

Mechanical pot-seedling transplanting (PST) is an efficient transplanting method and deep nitrogen fertilization has the advantage of increasing nitrogen use efficiency. However, little information is available about the effect of PST when coupled with mechanized deep nitrogen (N) fertilization on grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and antioxidant enzyme activities in rice. A two-year field experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of PST coupled with deep N fertilization in both early seasons (March–July) of 2018 and 2019. All seedlings were transplanted by PST and three treatments were designed as follows. There was a mechanized deep placement of all fertilizer (MAF), broadcasting fertilizer (BF), no fertilizer (N0). MAF significantly increased grain yield by 52.7%. Total nitrogen accumulation (TNA) was enhanced by 27.7%, nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP) was enhanced by 51.4%. nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) by 123.7%, and nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) was enhanced by 104.3%, compared with BF treatment. Moreover, MAF significantly improved peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and notably reduced the malonic dialdehyde (MDA) content for both rice cultivars, compared to BF. Hence, the result shows that mechanical pot-seedling transplanting coupled with nitrogen deep placement is an efficient method with the increase of grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice cultivation in South China.

scholarly journals Effects of Propolis on Selected Blood Indicators and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Broilers under Heat Stress

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pınar Tatlı Seven ◽  
Seval Yılmaz ◽  
Ismail Seven ◽  
Ibrahim H. Cercı ◽  
Mehmet A. Azman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Group I

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) and vitamin C on biochemical indicators and antioxidant enzyme activities of broilers exposed to heat stress (at 34 °C). The experimental groups were as follows: group I (positive control) and group II (control) were fed a basal diet, group III (vitamin C) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 250 mg vitamin C as ascorbic acid/kg, group IV (EEP-0.5) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.5 g EEP/kg, group V (EEP-1) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1 g EEP/kg, group VI (EEP-3) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 3 g EEP/kg. Plasma superoxide dismutase levels of positive control, control, vitamin C, EEP-0.5, EEP-1 and EEP-3 groups were found as 0.34, 1.23, 0.50, 0.90, 0.30 and 0.41 μkat/ml, respectively (p < 0.01). Aspartate transaminase (except for EEP-0.5 and EEP-1 groups) and alkaline phosphatase in the control group were significantly higher than those of positive control, vitamin-C and EEP-3 groups. Malondialdehyde level in plasma, liver and muscle tissues of control group were found significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of positive control and EEP-3 groups. Catalase activities of blood, liver, kidney and heart were the highest in the control group. Reduced glutathione activities of plasma and liver of all groups were not significantly different from each other, whereas those of muscle, kidney and heart were significantly higher in the control group. Significantly lower levels of glutathione peroxidase were found in blood, liver and kidney tissues of the control group (p < 0.05), whereas those of muscle and heart were similar in all groups. The results of the present study suggest that EEP and specially EEP at the supplemented dose of 3 mg/kg diet might be considered to prevent oxidative stress in the broilers exposed to heat stress.

scholarly journals Effect of Exogenous Treatment with Nitric Oxide (NO) on Redox Homeostasis in Barley Seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L.) Under Copper Stress

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marouane Ben Massoud ◽  
Oussama Kharbech ◽  
Yathreb Mahjoubi ◽  
Abdelilah Chaoui ◽  
Astrid Wingler
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Copper Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Cu Toxicity

AbstractThe protective mechanism of nitric oxide (NO) in regulating tolerance to Cu-induced toxicity in shoots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was studied. The experiment consisted of four treatments based on additions to basal nutrient solutions (BNS): control (CTR), Cu (200 µM), SNP (500 µM), and Cu (200 µM) + SNP (500 µM) over a period of 10 days. Treatment with Cu significantly reduced seedling growth and photosynthetic efficiency concomitant with an increase in reactive oxygen species contents, lipid peroxidation markers, and antioxidant enzyme activities, indicating that Cu induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, growth inhibition of Cu-treated plants was associated with a reduction in photosynthetic pigments and maximum photosystem II efficiency as well as a strong decrease in levels of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AsA). Addition of a nitric oxide (NO) donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), to the growth medium alleviated Cu toxicity by decreasing Cu uptake and enhancing antioxidant capacity, as indicated by increased contents of GSH and AsA. The application of SNP decreased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by suppressing lipoxygenase activity and enhancing some antioxidant enzyme activities. The results obtained indicate the potential of exogenously applied SNP in the management of metal toxicity. Hence, NO generating compounds have potential agronomical applications when cultivating in contaminated areas. Our findings indicate that NO can alleviate Cu toxicity by affecting the antioxidant defense system and maintaining the glutathione-ascorbate cycle status, suggesting that SNP treatment protects proteins against oxidation by regulating the cellular redox homeostasis.

Effect of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on the drought response of barley, durum wheat and oat

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bencze ◽  
K. Balla ◽  
T. Janda ◽  
O. Veisz
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
The Impact

Phytotron experiments were conducted to examine the impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 level (750 μmol mol−1) on the drought tolerance of winter barley (Petra), durum wheat (Mv Makaroni) and spring oat (Mv Pehely) varieties. Under drought stress conditions, the durum wheat variety was found to be unaffected by CO2 enrichment, as neither the biomass or grain yield nor the antioxidant enzyme activities changed compared to those at ambient CO2. Despite the fact that the spring oat variety had similar grain yield loss due to drought at both CO2 levels, it exhibited reduced antioxidant enzyme activities under less severe drought, indicating a slightly increased tolerance to drought. Winter barley, which exhibited an extremely positive reaction to CO2 enrichment at the control water supply level, also showed increased drought tolerance in response to high CO2. It had low glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and ascorbate peroxidase activities even at the most severe drought stress levels, while it could also fully compensate for the negative effects of drought on biomass and grain yield parameters when grown at elevated CO2.

Changes in oxidative damage and antioxidant enzyme activities of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars exposed to rewarming upon freezing stress / Donma stresi üzerine yeniden sıcaklık artışına maruz kalmış arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) çeşitlerinin antioksidan enzim aktivitelerinde ve oksidatif zararında değişimler

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilüfer Afşar Erkal ◽  
Ceyhun Kayıhan ◽  
Hüseyin Avni Öktem ◽  
Meral Yücel ◽  
Füsun Eyidoğan
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

AbstractObjective: The growth of plants during recovery period after freezing stress is more important for winter cereals to survive frost. However, little research has been done on physio-biochemical changes in response to recovery or rewarming conditions in cereals. In this study, the changes in oxidative stress intensities and antioxidant enzyme activities were thus examined under cold acclimation (CA), short-term freezing stress (F) and rewarming (R) conditions in barley cultivars differing in cold tolerance in order to assess the changes in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavenging system.Methods: Electrolyte leakage, Fv/Fm ratio (quantum efficiency of PSII), the contents of hydrogen peroxide (HResults: A corresponding increase in the free proline content and activities of APX and GR, the levels of Fv/Fm ratio, electrolyte leakage and the contents of MDA and HConclusion: Lower amount of H

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document