Involvement of OpsLTP1 from Opuntia streptacantha in abiotic stress adaptation and lipid metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
Mario Rojas ◽  
Francisco Jimenez-Bremont ◽  
Claudia Villicaña ◽  
Laura Carreón-Palau ◽  
Bertha Olivia Arredondo-Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Gene Encoding

Plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) exhibit the ability to transfer lipids between membranes in vitro, and have been implicated in diverse physiological processes associated to plant growth, reproduction, development, biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, their mode of action is not yet fully understood. To explore the functions of the OpsLTP1 gene encoding a LTP from cactus pear Opuntia streptacantha Lem., we generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants to overexpress OpsLTP1 and contrasted our results with the loss-of-function mutant ltp3 from A. thaliana under abiotic stress conditions. The ltp3 mutant seeds showed impaired germination under salt and osmotic treatments, in contrast to OpsLTP1 overexpressing lines that displayed significant increases in germination rate. Moreover, stress recovery assays showed that ltp3 mutant seedlings were more sensitive to salt and osmotic treatments than wild-type plants suggesting that AtLTP3 is required for stress-induced responses, while the OpsLTP1 overexpressing line showed no significant differences. In addition, OpsLTP1 overexpressing and ltp3 mutant seeds stored lower amount of total lipids compared with wild-type seeds, showing changes primarily on 16C and 18C fatty acids. However, ltp3 mutant also lead changes in lipid profile and no over concrete lipids which may suggest a compensatory activation of other LTPs. Interestingly, linoleic acid (18:2ω6) was consistently increased in neutral, galactoglycerolipids and phosphoglycerolipids of OpsLTP1 overexpressing line indicating a role of OpsLTP1 in the modulation of lipid composition in A. thaliana.

Overexpression of DnWRKY11 enhanced salt and drought stress tolerance of transgenic tobacco

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Bin Xu ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Pan ◽  
Chun-Ling Wang ◽  
Qi-Cai Ying ◽  
Hong-Miao Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Field Environment

AbstractDendrobium seedlings showed low survival rate when they were transferred from in vitro conditions to greenhouse or field environment. One of the major reasons is their low tolerance to environmental changes. WRKY transcription factors are one of the largest families of transcriptional regulators in plants. They are involved in various biotic and abiotic stress responses. One DnWRKY11 gene was isolated from Dendrobium nobile. To explore the function of DnWRKY11 in Dendrobium defense responses to abiotic stress, it was overexpressed in tobacco. Under salt and drought stresses, the DnWRKY11 transgenic tobacco showed higher germination rate, longer root length, higher fresh weight, higher activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lower content of malonidialdehyde (MDA) than the wild type. These results proved the important roles of DnWRKY11 in plant response to drought and salt stresses, and provided a potential gene for improving environmental stress tolerance of Dendrobium seedlings.

scholarly journals Association of transcription factor WRKY56 gene from Populus simonii × P. nigra with salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Wenjing Yao ◽  
Yao Sun ◽  
Jiying Wang ◽  
Tingbo Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factor ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Populus Simonii ◽  
Reading Frame

The WRKY transcription factor family is one of the largest groups of transcription factor in plants, playing important roles in growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Many WRKY genes have been cloned from a variety of plant species and their functions have been analyzed. However, the studies on WRKY transcription factors in tree species under abiotic stress are still not well characterized. To understand the effects of the WRKY gene in response to abiotic stress, mRNA abundances of 102 WRKY genes in Populus simonii × P. nigra were identified by RNA sequencing under normal and salt stress conditions. The expression of 23 WRKY genes varied remarkably, in a tissue-specific manner, under salt stress. Since the WRKY56 was one of the genes significantly induced by NaCl treatment, its cDNA fragment containing an open reading frame from P. simonii × P. nigra was then cloned and transferred into Arabidopsis using the floral dip method. Under salt stress, the transgenic Arabidopsis over-expressed the WRKY56 gene, showing an increase in fresh weight, germination rate, proline content, and peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity, when compared with the wild type. In contrast, transgenic Arabidopsis displayed a decrease in malondialdehyde content under salt stress. Overall, these results indicated that the WRKY56 gene played an important role in regulating salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis.

scholarly journals Melatonin Deficiency Confers Tolerance to Multiple Abiotic Stresses in Rice via Decreased Brassinosteroid Levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ok Jin Hwang ◽  
Kyoungwhan Back
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Grain Morphology ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Leaf Phenotype

Melatonin has long been recognized as a positive signaling molecule and potent antioxidant in plants, which alleviates damage caused by adverse conditions such as salt, cold, and heat stress. In this study, we found a paradoxical role for melatonin in abiotic stress responses. Suppression of the serotonin N-acetyltransferase 2 (snat2) gene encoding the penultimate enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis led to simultaneous decreases in both melatonin and brassinosteroid (BR) levels, causing a semi-dwarf with erect leaf phenotype, typical of BR deficiency. Here, we further characterized snat2 rice in terms of grain morphology and abiotic stress tolerance, to determine whether snat2 rice exhibited characteristics similar to those of BR-deficient rice. As expected, the snat2 rice exhibited tolerance to multiple stress conditions including cadmium, salt, cold, and heat, as evidenced by decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased chlorophyll levels, in contrast with SNAT2 overexpression lines, which were less tolerant to stress than wild type plants. In addition, the length and width of grain from snat2 plants were reduced relative to the wild type, which is reminiscent of BR deficiency in rice. Other melatonin-deficient mutant rice lines with suppressed BR synthesis (i.e., comt and t5h) also showed tolerance to salt and heat stress, whereas melatonin-deficient rice seedlings without decreased BR levels (i.e., tdc) failed to exhibit increased stress tolerance, suggesting that stress tolerance was increased not by melatonin deficiency alone, but by a melatonin deficiency-mediated decrease in BR.

scholarly journals Mutations in fbiD (Rv2983) as a Novel Determinant of Resistance to Pretomanid and Delamanid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. e01948-20
Author(s):  
Dalin Rifat ◽  
Si-Yang Li ◽  
Thomas Ioerger ◽  
Keshav Shah ◽  
Jean-Philippe Lanoix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

ABSTRACTThe nitroimidazole prodrugs delamanid and pretomanid comprise one of only two new antimicrobial classes approved to treat tuberculosis (TB) in 50 years. Prior in vitro studies suggest a relatively low barrier to nitroimidazole resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but clinical evidence is limited to date. We selected pretomanid-resistant M. tuberculosis mutants in two mouse models of TB using a range of pretomanid doses. The frequency of spontaneous resistance was approximately 10−5 CFU. Whole-genome sequencing of 161 resistant isolates from 47 mice revealed 99 unique mutations, of which 91% occurred in 1 of 5 genes previously associated with nitroimidazole activation and resistance, namely, fbiC (56%), fbiA (15%), ddn (12%), fgd (4%), and fbiB (4%). Nearly all mutations were unique to a single mouse and not previously identified. The remaining 9% of resistant mutants harbored mutations in Rv2983 (fbiD), a gene not previously associated with nitroimidazole resistance but recently shown to be a guanylyltransferase necessary for cofactor F420 synthesis. Most mutants exhibited high-level resistance to pretomanid and delamanid, although Rv2983 and fbiB mutants exhibited high-level pretomanid resistance but relatively small changes in delamanid susceptibility. Complementing an Rv2983 mutant with wild-type Rv2983 restored susceptibility to pretomanid and delamanid. By quantifying intracellular F420 and its precursor Fo in overexpressing and loss-of-function mutants, we provide further evidence that Rv2983 is necessary for F420 biosynthesis. Finally, Rv2983 mutants and other F420H2-deficient mutants displayed hypersusceptibility to some antibiotics and to concentrations of malachite green found in solid media used to isolate and propagate mycobacteria from clinical samples.

scholarly journals InsP7is a small-molecule regulator of NUDT3-mediated mRNA decapping and processing-body dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (32) ◽  
pp. 19245-19253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumyadip Sahu ◽  
Zhenzhen Wang ◽  
Xinfu Jiao ◽  
Chunfang Gu ◽  
Nikolaus Jork ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Inositol Pyrophosphate ◽  
Body Dynamics ◽  
Processing Body ◽  
The Stability

Regulation of enzymatic 5′ decapping of messenger RNA (mRNA), which normally commits transcripts to their destruction, has the capacity to dynamically reshape the transcriptome. For example, protection from 5′ decapping promotes accumulation of mRNAs into processing (P) bodies—membraneless, biomolecular condensates. Such compartmentalization of mRNAs temporarily removes them from the translatable pool; these repressed transcripts are stabilized and stored until P-body dissolution permits transcript reentry into the cytosol. Here, we describe regulation of mRNA stability and P-body dynamics by the inositol pyrophosphate signaling molecule 5-InsP7(5-diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate). First, we demonstrate 5-InsP7inhibits decapping by recombinant NUDT3 (Nudix [nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X]-type hydrolase 3) in vitro. Next, in intact HEK293 and HCT116 cells, we monitored the stability of a cadre of NUDT3 mRNA substrates following CRISPR-Cas9 knockout ofPPIP5Ks(diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate 5-kinases type 1 and 2, i.e.,PPIP5KKO), which elevates cellular 5-InsP7levels by two- to threefold (i.e., within the physiological rheostatic range). ThePPIP5KKO cells exhibited elevated levels of NUDT3 mRNA substrates and increased P-body abundance. Pharmacological and genetic attenuation of 5-InsP7synthesis in the KO background reverted both NUDT3 mRNA substrate levels and P-body counts to those of wild-type cells. Furthermore, liposomal delivery of a metabolically resistant 5-InsP7analog into wild-type cells elevated levels of NUDT3 mRNA substrates and raised P-body abundance. In the context that cellular 5-InsP7levels normally fluctuate in response to changes in the bioenergetic environment, regulation of mRNA structure by this inositol pyrophosphate represents an epitranscriptomic control process. The associated impact on P-body dynamics has relevance to regulation of stem cell differentiation, stress responses, and, potentially, amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases and aging.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Identification and Functional Insight of Lily WRKY Genes Responding to Botrytis Fungal Disease

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Shipra Kumari ◽  
Bashistha Kumar Kanth ◽  
Ju young Ahn ◽  
Jong Hwa Kim ◽  
Geung-Joo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Genome Wide

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis using RNA-Seq of Lilium longiflorum revealed valuable genes responding to biotic stresses. WRKY transcription factors are regulatory proteins playing essential roles in defense processes under environmental stresses, causing considerable losses in flower quality and production. Thirty-eight WRKY genes were identified from the transcriptomic profile from lily genotypes, exhibiting leaf blight caused by Botrytis elliptica. Lily WRKYs have a highly conserved motif, WRKYGQK, with a common variant, WRKYGKK. Phylogeny of LlWRKYs with homologous genes from other representative plant species classified them into three groups- I, II, and III consisting of seven, 22, and nine genes, respectively. Base on functional annotation, 22 LlWRKY genes were associated with biotic stress, nine with abiotic stress, and seven with others. Sixteen unique LlWRKY were studied to investigate responses to stress conditions using gene expression under biotic and abiotic stress treatments. Five genes—LlWRKY3, LlWRKY4, LlWRKY5, LlWRKY10, and LlWRKY12—were substantially upregulated, proving to be biotic stress-responsive genes in vivo and in vitro conditions. Moreover, the expression patterns of LlWRKY genes varied in response to drought, heat, cold, and different developmental stages or tissues. Overall, our study provides structural and molecular insights into LlWRKY genes for use in the genetic engineering in Lilium against Botrytis disease.

scholarly journals DJ-1 regulates the integrity and function of ER-mitochondria association through interaction with IP3R3-Grp75-VDAC1

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (50) ◽  
pp. 25322-25328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Xiaopin Ma ◽  
Hisashi Fujioka ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Shengdi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Cellular Mechanism ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Calcium Efflux ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Early Onset Parkinson’S Disease

Loss-of-function mutations in DJ-1 are associated with autosomal recessive early onset Parkinson’s disease (PD), yet the underlying pathogenic mechanism remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that DJ-1 localized to the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) both in vitro and in vivo. In fact, DJ-1 physically interacts with and is an essential component of the IP3R3-Grp75-VDAC1 complexes at MAM. Loss of DJ-1 disrupted the IP3R3-Grp75-VDAC1 complex and led to reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria association and disturbed function of MAM and mitochondria in vitro. These deficits could be rescued by wild-type DJ-1 but not by the familial PD-associated L166P mutant which had demonstrated reduced interaction with IP3R3-Grp75. Furthermore, DJ-1 ablation disturbed calcium efflux-induced IP3R3 degradation after carbachol treatment and caused IP3R3 accumulation at the MAM in vitro. Importantly, similar deficits in IP3R3-Grp75-VDAC1 complexes and MAM were found in the brain of DJ-1 knockout mice in vivo. The DJ-1 level was reduced in the substantia nigra of sporadic PD patients, which was associated with reduced IP3R3-DJ-1 interaction and ER-mitochondria association. Together, these findings offer insights into the cellular mechanism in the involvement of DJ-1 in the regulation of the integrity and calcium cross-talk between ER and mitochondria and suggests that impaired ER-mitochondria association could contribute to the pathogenesis of PD.

Genome-wide identification of citrus calmodulin-like genes and their expression in response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and drought

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Shu ◽  
YaChao Xie ◽  
Fei Zhang ◽  
Dejian Zhang ◽  
Chunyan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Calmodulin-like (CML) proteins represent a diverse family of protein in plants, and play significant roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, the involvement of citrus CMLs in plant responses to drought stress (abiotic stress) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization remain relatively unknown. We characterized the citrus CML genes by analyzing the EF-hand domains and a genome-wide search, and identified a total of 38 such genes, distributed across at least nine chromosomes. Six tandem duplication clusters were observed in the CsCMLs, and 12 CsCMLs exhibited syntenic relationships with Arabidopsis thaliana CMLs. Gene expression analysis showed that 29 CsCMLs were expressed in the roots, and exhibited differential expression patterns. The regulation of CsCMLs expression was not consistent with the cis-elements identified in their promoters. CsCML2, 3, and 5 were upregulated in response to drought stress, and AMF colonization repressed the expression of CsCML7, 9, 12, 13,20, 27, 28, and 35,and induced that of CsCML1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 18, 25, 30, 33, and 37. Furthermore, AMF colonization and drought stress exerted a synergistic effect, evident from the enhanced repression of CsCML7, 9, 12, 13, 27, 28, and 35 and enhanced expression of CsCML2, 3, and 5 under AMF colonization and drought stress. The present study provides valuable insights into the CsCML gene family and its responses to AMF colonization and drought stress.

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