Specific responses of sap flux and leaf functional traits to simulated canopy and understory nitrogen additions in a deciduous broadleaf forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwei Zhu ◽  
Yanting Hu ◽  
Xiuhua Zhao ◽  
Ping Zhao ◽  
Lei Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Sap Flux ◽  
Sap Flux Density ◽  
Leaf Functional Traits ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Xylem Sap Flux ◽  
N Additions

To investigate the effects of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on water use characteristics and leaf traits of trees, we performed canopy (C50) and understory (U50) N additions as NH4NO3 of 50 kg N ha–1 year–1 in a deciduous broadleaf forest of central China. We measured xylem sap flux, crown area:sapwood area ratio (Ca:As), specific leaf area (SLA), mass-based leaf nitrogen content (Nmass) and leaf carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) of Liquidambar formosana Hance, Quercus acutissima Carruth. and Quercus variabilis Blume. Functional traits under different N addition treatments and their responses among tree species were compared and the relationship between xylem sap flux and leaf functional traits under N additions were explored. Results showed that under U50 sap-flux density of xylem significantly decreased for three tree species. But the effect of C50 on sap flux was species-specific. The decrease of sap-flux density with N additions might be caused by the increased Ca/As. δ13C remained constant among different N addition treatments. The responses of SLA and Nmass to N additions were species- and N addition approaches-specific. The correlation of xylem sap flux with leaf traits was not found. Our findings indicate that the effects of canopy N addition on xylem sap flux and leaf functional traits were species-specific and it is necessary to employ canopy N addition for exploring the real responses of forest ecosystems to climate changes in the future researches.

scholarly journals Short-Term Nitrogen Addition Does Not Significantly Alter the Effects of Seasonal Drought on Leaf Functional Traits in Machilus pauhoi Kanehira Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Yu ◽  
Dongliang Cheng ◽  
Baoyin Li ◽  
Chaobin Xu ◽  
Zhongrui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Subtropical China ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Leaf Functional Traits ◽  
Seasonal Drought

Research Highlights: Short-term nitrogen (N) addition did not significantly alter the effects of seasonal drought on the leaf functional traits in Machilus pauhoi Kanehira seedlings in N-rich subtropical China. Background and Objectives: Seasonal drought and N deposition are major drivers of global environmental change that affect plant growth and ecosystem function in subtropical China. However, no consensus has been reached on the interactive effects of these two drivers. Materials and Methods: We conducted a full-factorial experiment to analyze the single and combined effects of seasonal drought and short-term N addition on chemical, morphological and physiological traits of M. pauhoi seedlings. Results: Seasonal drought (40% of soil field capacity) had significant negative effects on the leaf N concentrations (LNC), phosphorus (P) concentrations (LPC), leaf thickness (LT), net photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (Gs), and predawn leaf water potential (ψPD), and significant positive effects on the carbon:N (C:N) ratio and specific leaf area (SLA). Short-term N addition (50 kg N·hm−2·year−1 and 100 kg N·hm−2·year−1) tended to decrease the C:N ratio and enhance leaf nutrient, growth, and photosynthetic performance because of increased LNC, LPC, LT, leaf area (LA), SLA, A, E, and ψPD; however, it only had significant effects on LT and Gs. No significant interactive effects on leaf traits were detected. Seasonal drought, short-term N addition, and their interactions had significant effects on soil properties. The soil total C (STC), nitrate N (NO3−-N) and soil total N (STN) concentrations were the main factors that affected the leaf traits. Conclusions: Seasonal drought had a stronger effect on M. pauhoi seedling leaf traits than short-term N deposition, indicating that the interaction between seasonal drought and short-term N deposition may have an additive effecton M. pauhoi seedling growth in N-rich subtropical China.

Spatial variations in xylem sap flux density in evergreen oak trees with radial-porous wood: comparisons with anatomical observations

Trees ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makiko Tateishi ◽  
Tomo’omi Kumagai ◽  
Yasuhiro Utsumi ◽  
Toshihiro Umebayashi ◽  
Yasuki Shiiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flux Density ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Sap Flux ◽  
Sap Flux Density ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Evergreen Oak ◽  
Xylem Sap Flux

Tree-soil-water relations in a mature temperate forest under elevated CO2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Quick ◽  
Giulio Curioni ◽  
Phillip J Blaen ◽  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Angus Robert MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Sap Flux ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Xylem Sap Flux

<p>Extreme anthropogenic global change, such as increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide, can challenge long-lived organisms including trees. Carbon uptake by trees, during photosynthesis, is inevitably accompanied by leaf transpiration; elevated atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> is, therefore, expected to reduce daytime plant water usage. The Free-Air Carbon-dioxide Enhancement (FACE) experiment at the Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR) UK manipulates atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> in a 150 year old mixed deciduous temperate forest. In the sub-project described here, we compare diurnal and seasonal plant-water dynamics from individual trees under treatment (elevated CO<sub>2</sub>) and control conditions<sub>.</sub> Response of Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), as the dominant tree species, is reported for the initial three years of elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, enabling us to characterise whether the woodland is starting to adapt. Xylem sap flux measurement reflects tree water usage and has been used as a proxy for transpiration at stand scale in forest experiments. This project explores a modified sap flux analysis approach, enabling individual trees to be compared and responses to be scaled up to treatment patch level. It considers: inputs-outputs (e.g. precipitation, transpiration), water flow (e.g. xylem sap flux), temperature and radiation to see how tree-soil-water interfaces behave and change with increased CO<sub>2. </sub>Measurement methods include spot observations (phenology, porometry), and data-logged measures (e.g. of soil moisture and xylem flow). Initially sap flux and stomatal conductance are considered in comparison with previous reported studies of tree water use efficiency and estimations of water storage. By considering these key measurements driven by a tree-centred view the results provide valuable data to improve vegetation, soil and landscape models and increase understanding of trees in mature future- forest environments.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of xylem water transport on CO2 efflux of woody tissue in a tropical tree, Amazonas State, Brazil

Hoehnea ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Kunert ◽  
Alida Mercado Cárdenas
Keyword(s):  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Sap Flux ◽  
Woody Tissue ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
Xylem Sap Flux

We assessed the effect of xylem sap flux on radial CO2 efflux of woody tissue of a tropical trees species growing in the Center of Manaus (Amazonas State, Brazil). An open chamber system was used to constantly measure diurnal changes in CO2 efflux over several days. Xylem sap flux was monitored additionally. We found a strong relationship between temperature and woody tissue respiration rates during night time. CO2 efflux rates were reduced up to 35% during daytime most probably due to vertical water uptake within the tree trunks. The results suggest a distinct daytime depression of the CO2 efflux compared with a night time temperature relationship. Xylem sap flux appears to be a major influence on CO2 efflux rates. The reductions in CO2 efflux will become most distinct during periods with a high evaporative demand and predictions of CO2 efflux by the temperature/flux relation are critical during these periods.

Influence of soil warming and N‐addition on sap flux density and stem radius variation in boreal stands in Quebec, Canada

Ecohydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Balducci ◽  
Annie Deslauriers ◽  
Daniele De Barba ◽  
Sergio Rossi ◽  
Daniel Houle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flux Density ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Sap Flux ◽  
Soil Warming ◽  
Sap Flux Density ◽  
Radius Variation

scholarly journals Trade-off relationship of leaf functional traits of desert halophyte Lycium ruthenicum in the lower reaches of Heihe River, Northwest China: response to soil moisture and salinity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanjia Li ◽  
Wei Gou ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Guoqiang Wu ◽  
Peixi Su
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
Leaf Functional Traits ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Saline Habitats ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Background: Soil salinization affects plant growth and causes changes in leaf traits. Lycium ruthenicum Murr. is one of the dominant shrubs and halophytes in the lower reaches of the Heihe River in Northwest China. We analyzed the trade-off relationship of fourteen leaf functional traits of eight L.ruthenicum populations growing at varying distances from the Heihe River, and discussed the effects that soil moisture and salinity have on leaf functional traits. Results: Lower nitrogen (N) contents indicated that L.ruthenicum was located at the slow investment-return axis of the species resource utilization graph. Compared with non-saline and very slightly saline sites, populations of slightly saline sites showed higher carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N). Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed a relatively strong relationship between leaf functional traits and soil properties, the first RDA axis accounted for 70.99 % and 71.09 % of the variation in 0-40 cm and 40-80 cm of soil moisture and salinity. Populations in non-saline and very slightly saline habitats tended to have higher leaf C content, whereas populations in slightly saline habitats tended to have lower leaf C content, and the discrepancy was evident. Relative importance analysis found that in the 0-40 cm soil layer, leaf traits variations were mainly influenced by soil moisture (SWC), HCO3- and CO32- ions content, while leaf trait variations in the 40-80 cm soil layer were mainly influenced by HCO3- and SO42-. Conclusions: The leaf functional traits of L. ruthenicum in this region are mainly restricted by soil N content. The L.ruthenicum populations formed a pattern of increased C:N ratios and C content, reduced nitrogen to phosphorus ratio (N:P) and N content from very slightly saline soil to slightly saline. L.ruthenicum has a foliar resource acquisition method and a resource conservation trade-off with a flexible life history strategy in habitats with drought and salinity stress. In the shallow soil layers, water affects greater than salt on leaf traits variation; in both shallow and deep soil layers, HCO3- plays a dominant role on leaf traits. We believe that these findings will provide some baseline information to facilitate the management and restoration of arid-saline desert ecosystems.

scholarly journals Response of leaf functional traits of woody plants in central Guizhou to degraded karst soil characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Li Rong ◽  
Mengjie Wang ◽  
Tianmu Ye ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Leaf Functional Traits

1.In this study, the dominant woody plants in different degraded background plots in Puding, Guizhou Province were selected as the research objects. Six leaf functional traits(LT, LA, SLA, LDMC, LTD, Chlc) were measured to analyze the effects of soil characteristics on the leaf functional traits of vegetation in the region. 2.We observed that under the degraded environment of karst area, the plant leaves tended to increase, with the most significant change in the returned land; There were significant differences in plant traits under burning,burning felling and returning farmland, with the largest change range of LA, LTD and SLA, which could reach 121.90%, 118.08% and 86.00% respectively in the corresponding sample plots. 3.In the degraded plots, the leaf traits were significantly different among tree, shrub and liana species. In general, the interspecific variation of shrub and liana species was higher than that of tree species, and the community was in the early and middle stage of succession. 4.Soil properties under different degradation background were quite different,and there was a significant correlation between soil properties and vegetation leaf functional properties. Soil depth, soil nutrients and soil humidity were the key soil characteristic factors of plant leaf functional properties. 5.The results showed that the leaf traits of plant in degraded area showed large LA,small LT, low SLA and LTD, high LDMC and low Chlc, which tended to develop drought character combination. This paper reveals the internal differentiation succession law of degraded karst secondary forest in central Guizhou and provides scientific basis for the management and biodiversity protection of karst secondary forest.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document