Combined elevated temperature and soil waterlogging stresses limit fibre biomass accumulation and fibre quality formation by disrupting protein activity during cotton fibre development

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Yinglong Chen ◽  
Binglin Chen ◽  
Haimiao Wang ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Fibre Cell ◽  
Soil Waterlogging ◽  
Fibre Development

Soil waterlogging and high temperature conditions generally occur together, especially in the Yangtze River Valley, China, negatively affecting cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibre development. Therefore, combined elevated temperature (34.1/29.0°C) and soil waterlogging (6 days) were imposed to study their combined effects on fibre biomass and fibre qualities (length, strength and micronaire). The results showed that in the boll cohort exposed to waterlogging and/or elevated air temperature, combined elevated temperature and soil waterlogging decreased final fibre length (by 8.9–11.3%) and fibre biomass (by 25.8–33.9%) more than either stress individually. A total of 113, 263 and 290 differential abundance proteins were identified related to elevated temperature, waterlogging and the two treatments combined, respectively, in fibres at 15 days after anthesis via the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation technique, which were classified as: carbohydrate and energy metabolism (21.7%), protein metabolism (16.6%), amino acid metabolism (12.8%), intracellular structural components (6.6%), transport (7.9%), oxidation–reduction process (7.9%), signal transduction (5.2%), lipid metabolism (5.2%), stress response (5.2%), nucleic acid metabolism (4.5%), organic acid metabolism (3.4%) and others (2.1%). Both vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) and plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PMH+-ATPase) were responsible for fibre length formation, although V-ATPase expression may play a major role in determining fibre cell elongation rather than PM H+-ATPase expression. It was concluded that fibre cell elongation and secondary wall thickening were inhibited mainly by reduced accumulation of osmolytes, blocked synthesis and transport of secondary wall components, and disruption of the cytoskeleton system under combined elevated temperature and soil waterlogging.

Microarray analysis of bast fibre producing tissues of Cannabis sativa identifies transcripts associated with conserved and specialised processes of secondary wall development

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. De Pauw ◽  
John J. Vidmar ◽  
JoAnn Collins ◽  
Rick A. Bennett ◽  
Michael K. Deyholos
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Bast Fibre ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Wall Deposition ◽  
Fibre Development

The mechanisms underlying bast fibre differentiation in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) are largely unknown. We hybridised a cDNA microarray with RNA from fibre enriched tissues extracted at three different positions along the stem axis. Accordingly, we identified transcripts that were enriched in tissues in which phloem fibres were elongating or undergoing secondary wall thickening. These results were consistent with a dynamic pattern of cell wall deposition involving tissue specific expression of a large set of distinct glycosyltransferases and glycosylhydrolases apparently acting on polymers containing galactans, mannans, xylans, and glucans, as well as raffinose-series disaccharides. Putative arabinogalactan proteins and lipid transfer proteins were among the most highly enriched transcripts in various stem segments, with different complements of each expressed at each stage of development. We also detected stage-specific expression of brassinosteroid-related transcripts, various transporters, polyamine and phenylpropanoid related genes, and seven putative transcription factors. Finally, we observed enrichment of many transcripts with unknown biochemical function, some of which had been previously implicated in fibre development in poplar or cotton. Together these data complement and extend existing biochemical models of bast fibre development and secondary wall deposition and highlight uncharacterised, but conserved, components of these processes.

Molecular mechanism of AtGA3OX1 and AtGA3OX2 genes affecting secondary wall thickening in stems in Arabidopsis

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng-Guang WANG ◽  
Guo-Hua CHAI ◽  
Zhi-Yao WANG ◽  
Xian-Feng TANG ◽  
Chang-Jiang SUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Secondary Wall Thickening

scholarly journals Obtaining hollow semi-finished products from copper alloys for electrical applications by screw rolling method

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Gamin ◽  
B. A. Romantsev ◽  
A. N. Pashkov ◽  
P. V. Patrin ◽  
I. A. Bystrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Screw Rolling ◽  
Front End ◽  
Rolling Method

The article proposes a process for obtaining semi-finished products in the form of pipes made of copper alloys for electrical applications using the screw rolling method. The paper presents the results of experimental piercing and rolling of pipe samples made of Cu–0.75Cr copper alloy billets with a diameter of 45 mm. The 43.5×10.0 mm samples obtained after piercing using a two-roll screw rolling mill had exact geometrical dimensions: outer diameter deviation at the front end was up to 1 %, at the back end – up to 2.4 %; relative variation in wall thickness at the front end was 0.3÷0.5 %, at the rear end – 0.5÷1.0 %. Then pierced pipe samples were rolled using a three-roll radial-shear rolling (RSR) mini mill with a different total degree of reduction – samples were obtained with an outer diameter of 30, 25 and 18 mm. The reduction process was analyzed from the point of view of internal hole stability and deformation. In case of 30 % relative reduction of the outer diameter, rolling without a mandrel is accompanied by wall thickening. In this case, inner diameter deviations are within acceptable limits. The experiments on obtaining samples from the Cu–0.75Cr alloy by screw piercing and reduction in the RSR mill show that this scheme can be implemented in principle in industry. At the same time it is necessary to define more exactly deformation parameters (degree of deformation, choice of reduction scheme) to obtain a quality product. Various options for heat treatment (HT) of the obtained pipe samples and the effect of the HT method on electrical conductivity and hardness are considered. Samples after piercing had a conductivity of 59.3 % IACS. The maximum electrical conductivity of 76.7 % IACS was obtained on samples after quenching from a temperature of 1020 °C and aging at 450 °C for 3 h. The results of the work show the fundamental possibility of obtaining semi-finished products from copper alloys for electrical purposes using the screw rolling method.

scholarly journals An improved and efficient method of Agrobacterium syringe infiltration for transient transformation and its application in the elucidation of gene function in poplar

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zheng ◽  
Jixiu Yang ◽  
Yajuan Chen ◽  
Liping Ding ◽  
Jianhua Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Transient Transformation ◽  
Transformed Plants ◽  
Poplar Clone

Abstract Background Forest trees have important economic and ecological value. As a model tree, poplar has played a significant role in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying tree biology. However, a lack of mutant libraries and time-consuming stable genetic transformation processes severely limit progress into the functional characterization of poplar genes. A convenient and fast transient transformation method is therefore needed to enhance progress on functional genomics in poplar. Methods A total of 11 poplar clones were screened for amenability to syringe infiltration. Syringe infiltration was performed on the lower side of the leaves of young soil-grown plants. Transient expression was evaluated by visualizing the reporters β-glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescent protein (GFP). The experimental parameters of the syringe agroinfiltration were optimized based on the expression levels of the reporter luciferase (LUC). Stably transformed plants were regenerated from transiently transformed leaf explants through callus-induced organogenesis. The functions of Populus genes in secondary cell wall-thickening were characterized by visualizing lignin deposition therein after staining with basic fuchsin. Results We greatly improved the transient transformation efficiency of syringe Agrobacterium infiltration in poplar through screening for a suitable poplar clone from a variety of clones and optimizing the syringe infiltration procedure. The selected poplar clone, Populus davidiana × P. bolleana, is amenable to Agrobacterium syringe infiltration, as indicated by the easy diffusion of the bacterial suspension inside the leaf tissues. Using this technique, we localized a variety of poplar proteins in specific intracellular organelles and illustrated the protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions. The transiently transformed leaves could be used to generate stably transformed plants with high efficiency through callus induction and differentiation processes. Furthermore, transdifferentiation of the protoxylem-like vessel element and ectopic secondary wall thickening were induced in the agroinfiltrated leaves via the transient overexpression of genes associated with secondary wall formation. Conclusions The application of P. davidiana × P. bolleana in Agrobacterium syringe infiltration provides a foundation for the rapid and high-throughput functional characterization of Populus genes in intact poplar plants, including those involved in wood formation, and provides an effective alternative to Populus stable genetic transformation.

scholarly journals The Dual Functions of WLIM1a in Cell Elongation and Secondary Wall Formation in Developing Cotton Fibers

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 4421-4438 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-B. Han ◽  
Y.-B. Li ◽  
H.-Y. Wang ◽  
X.-M. Wu ◽  
C.-L. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Secondary Wall Formation ◽  
Dual Functions

Characterisation of a cotton gene expressed late in fibre cell elongation

1999 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Orford ◽  
T. J. Carney ◽  
N. S. Olesnicky ◽  
J. N. Timmis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Fibre Cell

Role of gibberellic acid in cotton fibre development

2002 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. GOKANI ◽  
V. S. THAKER
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cotton Fibre ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Fibre Development ◽  
The Media

Fibres of three cotton cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum H-4, H-8 and G. arboreum G. Cot-15) were analysed for growth in terms of fibre length and dry weight and endogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) content thrice during 1997–2000, at Rajkot. The development of cotton fibre was divided into four distinct growth phases but overlap between elongation and secondary thickening was considerable which suggests that both these phases are independent of each other. During fibre elongation, GA3 content remained low and increased after a decrease in the rate of fibre elongation in all three genotypes. The long staple cultivar (H-4) showed highest endogenous GA3 content followed by the middle one (H-8) and the short staple cultivar (G. Cot-15). In in vitro studies when GA3, NAA or GA3+NAA was supplemented to the media, increase in fibre length of the short staple cultivar was maximum, followed by the middle one and the long staple cultivar. Both in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that GA3 is one of the important factors that determine fibre length.

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