Phenotyping from lab to field – tomato lines screened for heat stress using Fv/Fm maintain high fruit yield during thermal stress in the field

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damodar Poudyal ◽  
Eva Rosenqvist ◽  
Carl-Otto Ottosen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Heat Sensitivity ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L

This study aimed to phenotype young tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants for heat tolerance by measuring Fv/Fm after short-term heat treatments in climate chambers and selected sensitive (low Fv/Fm) and tolerant (high Fv/Fm) cultivars to investigate their in-field performance. Twenty-eight genotypes were phenotyped at 40:28°C for 2 days in climate chambers. A second screening (four high Fv/Fm and four low Fv/Fm genotypes) was conducted for 4 days at 38:28°C, followed by 5 days’ recovery (26:20°C). The tolerant genotypes maintained high net photosynthesis (PN) and increased stomatal conductance (gs) at 38°C, allowing better leaf cooling. Sensitive genotypes had lower Fv/Fm and PN at 38°C, and gs increased less than in the tolerant group, reducing leaf cooling. Under controlled conditions, all eight genotypes had the same plant size and pollen viability, but after heat stress, plant size and pollen viability reduced dramatically in the sensitive group. Two tolerant and two sensitive genotypes were grown in the field during a heat wave (38:26°C). Tolerant genotypes accumulated more biomass, had a lower heat injury index and higher fruit yield. To our knowledge, this is the first time screening for heat tolerance by Fv/Fm in climate chambers was verified by a field trial under natural heat stress. The differences after heat stress in controlled environments were comparable to those in yield between tolerant and sensitive groups under heat stress in the field. The results suggest that Fv/Fm is effective for early detection of heat tolerance, and screening seedlings for heat sensitivity can speed crop improvement.

scholarly journals Unique miRNAs and their targets in tomato leaf responding to combined drought and heat stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Zhou ◽  
Xiaqing Yu ◽  
Carl-Otto Ottosen ◽  
Tingling Zhang ◽  
Zhen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Activity Sequence ◽  
Small Rna Deep Sequencing ◽  
Drought And Heat Stress

Abstract Background: Both drought and heat stress are serious global problems, leading to agricultural production loss. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in plant species responding to individual drought and heat stress. However, the miRNAs and mRNAs in association with combined drought and heat in crops like tomato remains unclear. Results: We studied the crosstalk of miRNAs and their target genes in tomato plants grown under simultaneous drought and heat stress that frequently happen in field conditions. In total, 335 known miRNAs representing 55 miRNA families and 430 potential novel miRNAs were identified in Solanum lycopersicum L. using small RNA deep sequencing. Through expression analysis, miRNAs in association with drought, heat and the combination of these were investigated. In total, 61, 74 and 37 miRNAs were differentially regulated for combination (of both stresses) vs control, combination vs drought and combination vs heat, respectively. Target genes with different expression levels were found using degradome sequencing, which were mainly involved in transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding, transcription, regulation of transcription, nucleus, DNA binding etc . The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results confirmed the accuracy of sequencing. Conclusions: Our study serves as valuable knowledge on how crop adapted to combined drought and heat stress by regulating miRNAs and mRNAs, which provide information for crop improvement to deal with future climate changes. Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum L.; miRNAs; degradome; functional analysis; combined abiotic stress

scholarly journals One Heat Shock Transcription Factor Confers High Thermal Tolerance in Clematis Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2900
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Chanjuan Mao ◽  
Changhua Jiang ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Siyuan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Heat Shock Transcription Factor ◽  
Heat Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Clematis Vitalba ◽  
Horticultural Plants ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Clematis plants play an important role in botanical gardens. Heat stress can destroy the activity, state and conformation of plant proteins, and its regulatory pathway has been well characterized in Arabidopsis and some crop plants. However, the heat resistance response mechanism in horticultural plants including Clematis has rarely been reported. Here, we identified a heat-tolerant clematis species, Clematis vitalba. The relative water loss and electrolytic leakage were significantly lower under heat treatment in Clematis vitalba compared to Stolwijk Gold. Differential expression heat-tolerant genes (HTGs) were identified based on nonparametric transcriptome analysis. For validation, one heat shock transcription factor, CvHSF30-2, extremely induced by heat stimuli in Clematis vitalba, was identified to confer tolerance to heat stress in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Furthermore, silencing of HSF30-2 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) led to heat sensitivity in tobacco and Clematis, suggesting that the candidate heat-resistant genes identified in this RNA-seq analysis are credible and offer significant utility. We also found that CvHSF30-2 improved heat tolerance of Clematis vitalba by elevating heat shock protein (HSP) expression, which was negatively regulated by CvHSFB2a. Taken together, this study provides insights into the mechanism of Clematis heat tolerance and the findings can be potentially applied in horticultural plants to improve economic efficiency through genetic approaches.

scholarly journals SHORT DURATION HEAT PRECONDITIONING AND HEAT TOLERANCE IN ORNAMENTAL BEDDING PLANTS

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 874d-874
Author(s):  
Seenivasan Natarajan ◽  
Jeff S. Kuehny ◽  
James E. Board
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Heat Tolerant

One of the greatest impediments to production of marketable ornamental herbaceous plants in southern U.S. is high temperature stress. Exposure of plants to sub-lethal temperature (heat preconditioning) before sustained heat stress helps some plants to tolerate subsequent heat stress a phenomenon often referred as acquired thermotolerance. The objective of this research was to examine various morphological, physiological and anatomical responses of `Vista red' (heat tolerant) and `Sizzler red'(heat sensitive) cultivars of Salvia splendens to heat preconditioning (HC) and subsequent heat stress treatments (challenging temperatures, CT). Cultivars of Salvia were subjected to short duration HC of 35 °C for 3 hours every third day until 5 weeks after germination and subsequent exposure to two CT treatments 30/23 °C and 35/28 °C (D/N) cycles in growth chambers for the next five weeks. Plant growth, marketable quality, stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis declined for Sizzler Red without HC treatment. Compared with nonpreconditioned plants, heat preconditioned Sizzler Red had 38.28% higher root dry weight, 95% greater leaf thickness, 50% higher marketable quality at 35/28 °C heat stress condition. Heat preconditioning helped both Vista Red and Sizzler to survive in both the heat stress treatments. Vista Red had greater heat tolerant traits than Sizzler Red, these traits exacerbated with heat preconditioning treatment. The results demonstrated that heat preconditioning enhanced heat tolerance in cultivars of Salvia, which could be related to maintenance of dense plant growth with shorter internodes, thicker stems, greater stomatal conductance, extensive root growth that compensated the transpirational water loss and overall cooling of plants.

scholarly journals Unique miRNAs and their targets in tomato leaf responding to combined drought and heat stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Zhou ◽  
Xiaqing Yu ◽  
Carl-Otto Ottosen ◽  
Tingling Zhang ◽  
Zhen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Activity Sequence ◽  
Small Rna Deep Sequencing ◽  
Drought And Heat Stress

Abstract Background: Both drought and heat stress are serious global problems, leading to agricultural production loss. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in plant species responding to individual drought and heat stress. However, the miRNAs and mRNAs in association with combined drought and heat in crops like tomato remains unclear. Results: We studied the crosstalk of miRNAs and their target genes in tomato plants grown under simultaneous drought and heat stress that frequently happen in field conditions. In total, 335 known miRNAs representing 55 miRNA families and 430 potential novel miRNAs were identified in Solanum lycopersicum L. using small RNA deep sequencing. Through expression analysis, miRNAs in association with drought, heat and the combination of these were investigated. In total, 61, 74 and 37 miRNAs were differentially regulated for combination (of both stresses) vs control, combination vs drought and combination vs heat, respectively. Target genes with different expression levels were found using degradome sequencing, which were mainly involved in transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding, transcription, regulation of transcription, nucleus, DNA binding etc . The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results confirmed the accuracy of sequencing. Conclusions: Our study serves as valuable knowledge on how crop adapted to combined drought and heat stress by regulating miRNAs and mRNAs, which provide information for crop improvement to deal with future climate changes.

scholarly journals Accelerating Breeding for Heat Tolerance in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.): An Integrated Approach

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Anatole Tele Ayenan ◽  
Agyemang Danquah ◽  
Peter Hanson ◽  
Charles Ampomah-Dwamena ◽  
Fréjus Ariel Kpêdétin Sodedji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Advanced Backcross

Heat stress is a major limiting factor for crop productivity. Tomato is highly sensitive to heat stress, which can result in a total yield loss. To adapt to current and future heat stress, there is a dire need to develop heat tolerant cultivars. Here, we review recent attempts to improve screening for heat tolerance and to exploit genetic and genomic resources in tomatoes. We provide key factors related to phenotyping environments and traits (morphological, physiological, and metabolic) to be considered to identify and breed thermo-tolerant genotypes. There is significant variability in tomato germplasm that can be harnessed to breed for thermo-tolerance. Based on our review, we propose that the use of advanced backcross populations and chromosome segments substitution lines is the best means to exploit variability for heat tolerance in non-cultivated tomato species. We applied a meta quantitative trait loci (MQTL) analysis on data from four mapping experiments to co-localize QTL associated with heat tolerance traits (e.g., pollen viability, number of pollen, number of flowers, style protrusion, style length). The analysis revealed 13 MQTL of which 11 were composed of a cluster of QTL. Overall, there was a reduction of about 1.5-fold in the confidence interval (CI) of the MQTL (31.82 cM) compared to the average CI of individual QTL (47.4 cM). This confidence interval is still large and additional mapping resolution approaches such as association mapping and multi-parent linkage mapping are needed. Further investigations are required to decipher the genetic architecture of heat tolerance surrogate traits in tomatoes. Genomic selection and new breeding techniques including genome editing and speed breeding hold promise to fast-track development of improved heat tolerance and other farmer- and consumer-preferred traits in tomatoes.

Analysis of heat stress tolerance in winter wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Balla ◽  
S. Bencze ◽  
T. Janda ◽  
O. Veisz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Heat Sensitivity ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yield Parameters

As a consequence of climate change, the incidence of extreme weather events has increased in Hungary, as elsewhere. Extremely high temperatures are the factor causing the greatest problems for agriculture and crop production. The aim was to determine the heat tolerance of two wheat varieties (Plainsman V. and Mv Magma) by measuring physiological and yield parameters under high temperature conditions (35/20°C day/night) in the phytotron. Heat stress had a substantial influence on the chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity and yield parameters of the two winter wheat varieties. Heat stress during grain filling led to a significant reduction in the yield, biomass, grain number, harvest index and thousand-kernel weight. Significant differences could be detected between the two varieties, confirming the greater heat sensitivity of Plainsman V. and the better heat tolerance of Mv Magma. The importance of the antioxidant enzyme system was demonstrated in defence against heat stress. The activity of the enzymes glutathione-Stransferase (GSH-S-Tr), ascorbate peroxidase (APx) and catalase (CAT) was enhanced in Plainsman V., and that of GSH-S-Tr and CAT in Mv Magma. The tolerance of the wheat varieties appeared to be correlated with the antioxidant level, though changes in activity were observed for different antioxidant enzymes in the two genotypes tested.

scholarly journals Unique miRNAs and their targets in tomato leaf responding to combined drought and heat stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Zhou ◽  
Xiaqing Yu ◽  
Carl-Otto Ottosen ◽  
Tingling Zhang ◽  
Zhen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Activity Sequence ◽  
Small Rna Deep Sequencing ◽  
Drought And Heat Stress

Abstract Background: Both drought and heat stress are serious global problems, leading to agricultural production loss. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in plant species responding to individual drought and heat stress. However, the miRNAs and mRNAs in association with combined drought and heat in crops like tomato remains unclear. Results: We studied the crosstalk of miRNAs and their target genes in tomato plants grown under simultaneous drought and heat stress that frequently happen in field conditions. In total, 335 known miRNAs representing 55 miRNA families and 430 potential novel miRNAs were identified in Solanum lycopersicum L. using small RNA deep sequencing. Through expression analysis, miRNAs in association with drought, heat and the combination of these were investigated. In total, 61, 74 and 37 miRNAs were differentially regulated for combination (of both stresses) vs control, combination vs drought and combination vs heat, respectively. Target genes with different expression levels were found using degradome sequencing, which were mainly involved in transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding, transcription, regulation of transcription, nucleus, DNA binding etc . The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results confirmed the accuracy of sequencing. Conclusions: Our study serves as valuable knowledge on how crop adapted to combined drought and heat stress by regulating miRNAs and mRNAs, which provide information for crop improvement to deal with future climate changes. Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum L.; miRNAs; degradome; functional analysis; combined abiotic stress

scholarly journals Response of Tomato Genotypes under Different High Temperatures in Field and Greenhouse Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Sophoanrith Ro ◽  
Leangsrun Chea ◽  
Sreymey Ngoun ◽  
Zachary P. Stewart ◽  
Siranet Roeurn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

Heat stress is one of the production constraints for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) due to unfavorable, above optimum temperatures. This research was undertaken to evaluate growth and fruit yield of tomato genotypes under three contrasting growing conditions (i.e., optimal temperature in field-, high temperature in field- and high temperature in greenhouse conditions) to determine their relative heat tolerance. Eleven tomato genotypes, including two local check varieties, were evaluated, and data on growth and yield were measured and analyzed. The interactions between the genotypes and growing conditions for all yield traits were significant. In general, the performance of tomato under optimal temperature field conditions was better than under high temperature field- and greenhouse conditions. Genotypes CLN1621L, CLN2026D, CLN3212C, and KK1 had consistently greater fruit yield per plant in all growing conditions. Although the local genotype, Neang Tamm, had lower yield under optimal conditions, it performed moderately well under high temperature field- and high temperature greenhouse conditions, and yield decrease under high temperature condition was minimal. Genotype CLN1621L had stable fruit setting compared to other genotypes under high temperature conditions. Since fruit setting and yield are important traits for heat tolerance, genotypes CLN1621L and Neang Tamm are potential candidates for breeding programs focused on improved yield and heat stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of garden roses to hot and humid conditions 

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Lijuan Xie ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Deying Li
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Marie Curie ◽  
Saturated Vapour ◽  
Net Photosynthesis Rate

Garden roses do not grow well under hot and humid conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological responses of ‘Marie Curie’ and ‘Lapjau’ to high temperatures and relative humidity. The study included temperatures of 25/18°C (day/night) and 35/28°C (day/night), and relative humidity of 70% and 100%. ‘Marie Curie’ was more tolerant to heat stress than ‘Lapjau’ based on relative electrolyte leakage (REL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The heat tolerance of cultivars also was confirmed by the levels of chlorophyll content and the net photosynthesis rate. Both cultivars were more stressed under more water vapour deficit than saturated vapour at 35/28°C (day/night), while at 25/18°C (day/night) the cultivars were more stressed under saturated humidity condition than at 70% relative humidity. In conclusion, combined hot and saturated humidity does not necessarily result in increased stress over separated heat or humidity elevations to the garden roses. Rose growers can use this information in regions where hot and humid conditions concur.

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