MdMYBL2 helps regulate cytokinin-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in red-fleshed apple (Malus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana) callus

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yicheng Wang ◽  
Jingjing Sun ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Haifeng Xu ◽  
Changzhi Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Myb Transcription Factors ◽  
Malus Sieversii ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes ◽  
Transgenic Callus

Anthocyanin biosynthesis is induced by cytokinins, and is regulated by MYB transcription factors. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully characterised. In the present study, red-fleshed apple callus were induced from the leaves of an R6/R6 homozygous line, which was the hybrid offspring of Malus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana and ‘Fuji’. We analysed the callus anthocyanin contents in response to different cytokinin concentrations. We observed that cytokinin treatments upregulated the expression of anthocyanin structural genes MdDFR and MdUFGT and transcription factor genes MdMYB10 and MdbHLH3. Additionally, the expression of MdMYBL2, which encodes the bHLH and EAR motifs, was inhibited by cytokinin treatments. The MdMYBL2-overexpressing callus had lower anthocyanin contents than the wild-type controls. We noted that the expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthesis structural genes MdDFR and MdUFGT and transcription factor genes MdMYB10 and MdbHLH3 were strongly suppressed in the transgenic callus. Subsequent yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and pull-down assays indicated that MdMYBL2 interacts with MdbHLH3, which may influence the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes. Our findings may provide new insights into how MYB transcription factors influence the cytokinin-regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in red-fleshed apples.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Key Genes Responsible for Red Coleoptiles in Triticum Monococcum

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Cao ◽  
Jiequn Fan ◽  
Xingyuan Xi ◽  
Yuan Zong ◽  
Dongxia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Functional Domains ◽  
Transactivation Domain ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Key Genes

Red coleoptiles can help crops to cope with adversity and the key genes that are responsible for this trait have previously been isolated from Triticum aestivum, Triticum urartu, and Aegilops tauschii. This report describes the use of transcriptome analysis to determine the candidate gene that controls the trait for white coleoptiles in T. monococcum by screening three cultivars with white coleoptiles and two with red coleoptiles. Fifteen structural genes and two transcription factors that are involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were identified from the assembled UniGene database through BLAST analysis and their transcript levels were then compared in white and red coleoptiles. The majority of the structural genes reflected lower transcript levels in the white than in the red coleoptiles, which implied that transcription factors related to anthocyanin biosynthesis could be candidate genes. The transcript levels of MYC transcription factor TmMYC-A1 were not significantly different between the white and red coleoptiles and all of the TmMYC-A1s contained complete functional domains. The deduced amino acid sequence of the MYB transcription factor TmMYB-A1 in red coleoptiles was homologous to TuMYB-A1, TaMYB-A1, TaMYB-B1, and TaMYB-D1, which control coleoptile color in corresponding species and contained the complete R2R3 MYB domain and the transactivation domain. TmMYB-a1 lost its two functional domains in white coleoptiles due to a single nucleotide deletion that caused premature termination at 13 bp after the initiation codon. Therefore, TmMYB-A1 is likely to be the candidate gene for the control of the red coleoptile trait, and its loss-of-function mutation leads to the white phenotype in T. monococcum.

scholarly journals Identification of Transcription Factors related to Diabetic Tubulointerstitial Injury

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialu Liu ◽  
Guangzhong Duan ◽  
Wenxia Yang ◽  
Shumin Zhang ◽  
Fuyou Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Microarray Dataset ◽  
Gene Expression Omnibus ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Tubulointerstitial Injury ◽  
Go Enrichment ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes

Abstract Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a main cause of chronic renal failure. Despite decades of extensive study, the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic tubulointerstitial injury remain unclear. We aim to identify key transcription factor genes involved in diabetic tubulointerstitial injury. Methods: A microarray dataset (GSE30122) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was downloaded. A total of 38 transcription factor genes based on 166 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were identified by UCSC_TFBS. Results: The regulatory network showed connections between top 10 transcription factors and their target DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of targeted DEGs indicated that extracellular space, extracellular exosome, cell surface and complement and coagulation cascades were most significantly enriched. Utilizing Nephroseq v5 online platform, the mRNA expression pattern analysis of transcription factor genes demonstrated that mRNA expression of CDC5, CEBPA, FAC1, HFH1, IRF1, NFE2 and TGIF1 increased in renal tubulointerstium of DN patients compared with normal controls while that of CEBPB and FOXO4 decreased in renal tubulointerstium of DN patients compared with normal controls.Correlation analysis between mRNA expression of transcription factor genes in renal tubulointerstium and clinical features showed that AP1, BACH1, CDC5, FAC1, FOXD1, FOXJ2, FOXO1, FOXO4, HFH1, IRF1, POU3F2, SOX5, SOX9, RSRFC4, S8 and TGIF1 may be related to diabetic tubulointerstitial injury. Conclusions: 1)CDC5, FAC1, FOXO4, HFH1, IRF1 and TGIF1 may be key transcription factor genes. 2)Transcription factors involved in diabetic tubulointerstitial injury may become prospective targets for diagnosis and treatment of DN.

scholarly journals Comprehensive influences of overexpression of a MYB transcriptor regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis on transcriptome and metabolome of tobacco leaves

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Zong ◽  
Shiming Li ◽  
Xingyuan Xi ◽  
Dong Cao ◽  
Zhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Purple Leaf

Abstract Background Overexpression of MYB transcription factors can induce the expression of structural genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis and increase the anthocyanin content of plant tissues. However, it remains unclear whether MYB transcription factor overexpression effects the activation of other genes and the concomitant accumulation of chemical compounds. Results Overexpression of LrAN2 promoted anthocyanin accumulation in a variety of tissues in tobacco cultivar Samsun. Only 185 unigenes, from total of 160,965, were expressed differently in leaves and 241 chemical compounds exhibited differences in accumulation. Four anthocyanins, including apigeninidin chloride, cyanidin 3-O-malonylhexoside, pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside, and cyanidin 3,5-O-diglucoside were detected only in transgenic lines, which could explain the purple leaf phenotype. Beside anthocyanins, the phenylpropanoids, polyphenols (catechins), flavonoids, flavones, and flavonols were also upregulated. Overexpression of LrAN2 activated the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor AN1b, and the MYB transcription factor MYB3. Additionally, structural genes associated with the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway were activated, which lead to the upregulated accumulation of phenylpropanoid, polyphenol (catechin), flavonoid, flavone, flavonol, and anthocyanin. The MYB transcription factor CPC, a negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, was also expressed at increased levels in transgenic lines, which implie that a negative regulation mechanism existed in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. The relative contents of all 19 differently accumulated amino groups and derivatives were decreased in transgenic lines, which meant that the phenylalanine biosynthesis pathway used other amino acids as substrates. Interestingly, the expression of acetylalkylglycerol acetylhydrolase was suppressed in transgenic lines, which caused the accumulation of 19 lyso-phosphatidylcholine derivatives and a decrease in production of eight octodecane derivatives. Conclusions Overexpression of LrAN2 activates the pathway of anthocyanin synthesis and metabolism in tobacco. Four anthocyanins lead to the purple leaf phenotype The main pathways of flavonoid biosynthesis were up-regulated. This research provides more information about the function of MYB transcription factors in anthocyanin biosynthesis and the production of other chemical compounds. This work will help breeders to obtain new plant cultivars with high anthocyanin contents using biotechnology.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals key genes associated with pigmentation in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) skin and flesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jifang Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhao ◽  
Qunyun Tan ◽  
Xiaojun Qiu ◽  
Shiyong Mei
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Transcript Profiles ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Genes

AbstractRadish (Raphanus sativus) is an important vegetable worldwide that exhibits different flesh and skin colors. The anthocyanins responsible for the red and purple coloring in radishes possess nutritional value and pharmaceutical potential. To explore the structural and regulatory networks related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and identify key genes, we performed comparative transcriptome analyses of the skin and flesh of six colored radish accessions. The transcript profiles showed that each accession had a species-specific transcript profile. For radish pigmentation accumulation, the expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (RsTT4, RsC4H, RsTT7, RsCCOAMT, RsDFR, and RsLDOX) were significantly upregulated in the red- and purple-colored accessions, but were downregulated or absent in the white and black accessions. The correlation test, combined with metabolome (PCC > 0.95), revealed five structural genes (RsTT4, RsDFR, RsCCOAMT, RsF3H, and RsBG8L) and three transcription factors (RsTT8-1, RsTT8-2, and RsPAR1) to be significantly correlated with flavonoids in the skin of the taproot. Four structural genes (RsBG8L, RsDFR, RsCCOAMT, and RsLDOX) and nine transcription factors (RsTT8-1, RsTT8-2, RsMYB24L, RsbHLH57, RsPAR2L, RsbHLH113L, RsOGR3L, RsMYB24, and RsMYB34L) were found to be significantly correlated with metabolites in the flesh of the taproot. This study provides a foundation for future studies on the gene functions and genetic diversity of radish pigmentation and should aid in the cultivation of new valuable radish varieties.

scholarly journals Analysis of structural genes and key transcription factors related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in potato tubers

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiling Zhang ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Dalong Guo ◽  
Juan Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Structural Genes

scholarly journals RT-PCR analysis of corticotroph-associated genes expression in carcinoid tumours in the ectopic-ACTH syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Messager ◽  
C Carrière ◽  
X Bertagna ◽  
Y de Keyzer
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ectopic Acth Syndrome ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Ectopic Acth ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Carcinoid Tumours ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes

Objective: ACTH is frequently produced in non-pituitary tumours, leading to the ectopic-ACTH syndrome, but the molecular mechanisms of its expression remain obscure. This study was aimed at understanding the transcription mechanisms of the ACTH-precursor gene in carcinoid tumours of the lung or thymus. Design: Transcripts coding for a series of corticotroph-associated transcription factor genes were detected, together with markers of the corticotroph phenotype. We studied a series of 41 carcinoid tumours including 15 with proven ectopic-ACTH syndrome. Methods: Specific RT-PCR reactions were designed for each gene including alternatively spliced isoforms. Results: The markers of the corticotroph phenotype were detected in all ACTH-positive tumours. Expression of the Tpit and Pitx1 genes were not restricted to ACTH-positive tumours but were also detected in many ACTH-negative carcinoids. Only a subset of ACTH-negative tumours expressed NAK-1/Nur77, and NeuroD1 expression was detected in <50% of the tumours regardless of their secretory status. The glucocorticoid receptor alpha was detected in every tumour in contrast to its beta isoform detectable in a few tumours only. Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor 1 (COUP-TF1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ2 were expressed in 50% of the tumours of each group whereas PPARγ1 was expressed in almost every tumour. Conclusions: ACTH-positive carcinoids do not share a characteristic expression pattern of the corticotroph-associated transcription factor genes, suggesting that the transcriptional mechanisms of the ACTH-precursor gene differ from those in normal pituitary corticotrophs. Expression of Tpit and Pitx1 genes in most carcinoids suggests that some aspects of the pituitary corticotroph phenotype may belong to general carcinoid differentiation.

scholarly journals Expression of MYB transcription factor gene ZmMYB59 affects seed germination in Nicotiana tabacum and Oryza sativa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaihui Zhai ◽  
Guangwu Zhao ◽  
Hongye Jiang ◽  
Caixia Sun ◽  
Jingyu Ren
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factor Gene ◽  
Factor Gene ◽  
Myb Transcription Factors ◽  
Vigor Index

Abstract Background MYB transcription factors are involved in many biological processes, including metabolism, development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In our previous work, a new MYB transcription factor gene, ZmMYB59 was induced by deep sowing and down-regulated during maize seed germination via Real-Time PCR. However, there are few reports on seed germination regulated by MYB proteins and the functions of ZmMYB59 remain unknown. Results In this study, to examine its functions, Agrobacterium -mediated transformation was exploited to generate ZmMYB59 transgenic tobacco and rice. In T 2 generation transgenic tobacco, germination rate, germination index, vigor index and hypocotyl length were significantly decreased by 25.0~50.9%, 34.5~54.4%, 57.5~88.3% and 21.9~31.2% compared to wild-type (WT) lines. In T 2 generation transgenic rice, germination rate, germination index, vigor index and mesocotyl length were notably reduced by 39.1~53.8%, 51.4~71.4%, 52.5~74.0% and 28.3~41.5%, respectively. On this basis, relative physiological indicators were determined. The activities of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and proline content of transgenic lines were significantly lower than those of WT, suggesting that ZmMYB59 reduced their antioxidant capacity. As well, ZmMYB59 expression extremely inhibited the synthesis of gibberellin A1 (GA 1 ) and cytokinin (CTK), and promoted the synthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) concurrently, which implied that seed germination was repressed by ZmMYB59 in hormone levels. Furthermore, cell length and cell number of hypocotyl/mesocotyl in transgenic plants were notably decreased. Conclusions Taken together, it proposed that ZmMYB59 plays a negative regulation during seed germination in tobacco and rice, which also contributes to illuminate the molecular mechanisms regulated by MYB transcription factors.

scholarly journals Multiple layers of transcriptional regulation by PLZF in NKT-cell development

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (27) ◽  
pp. 7602-7607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Ping Mao ◽  
Michael G. Constantinides ◽  
Rebecca Mathew ◽  
Zhixiang Zuo ◽  
Xiaoting Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Transcriptional Program ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Nkt Cell ◽  
Btb Domain ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding

The transcription factor PLZF [promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger, encoded by zinc finger BTB domain containing 16 (Zbtb16)] is induced during the development of innate and innate-like lymphocytes to direct their acquisition of a T-helper effector program, but the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Using biotinylation-based ChIP-seq and microarray analysis of both natural killer T (NKT) cells and PLZF-transgenic thymocytes, we identified several layers of regulation of the innate-like NKT effector program. First, PLZF bound and regulated genes encoding cytokine receptors as well as homing and adhesion receptors; second, PLZF bound and activated T-helper–specific transcription factor genes that in turn control T-helper–specific programs; finally, PLZF bound and suppressed the transcription of Bach2, a potent general repressor of effector differentiation in naive T cells. These findings reveal the multilayered architecture of the transcriptional program recruited by PLZF and elucidate how a single transcription factor can drive the developmental acquisition of a broad effector program.

scholarly journals Expression of Adhesive Pili and the Collagen-Binding Adhesin Ace Is Activated by ArgR Family Transcription Factors inEnterococcus faecalis

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn A. Manias ◽  
Gary M. Dunny
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Collagen Binding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Surface Adhesins

ABSTRACTIt was shown previously that the disruption of theahrCgene encoding a predicted ArgR family transcription factor results in a severe defect in biofilm formationin vitro, as well as a significant attenuation of virulence ofEnterococcus faecalisstrain OG1RF in multiple experimental infection models. Using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), we observedahrC-dependent changes in the expression of more than 20 genes. AhrC-repressed genes included predicted determinants of arginine catabolism and several other metabolic genes and predicted transporters, while AhrC-activated genes included determinants involved in the production of surface protein adhesins. Most notably, the structural and regulatory genes of theebplocus encoding adhesive pili were positively regulated, as well as theacegene, encoding a collagen-binding adhesin. UsinglacZtranscription reporter fusions, we determined thatahrCand a secondargRtranscription factor gene,argR2, both function to activate the expression ofebpR, which directly activates the transcription of the pilus structural genes. Our data suggest that in the wild-typeE. faecalis, the low levels of EbpR limit the expression of pili and that biofilm biomass is also limited by the amount of pili expressed by the bacteria. The expression ofaceis similarly enhanced by AhrC and ArgR2, butaceexpression is not dependent on EbpR. Our results demonstrate the existence of novel regulatory cascades controlled by a pair of ArgR family transcription factors that might function as a heteromeric protein complex.IMPORTANCECell surface adhesins play critical roles in the formation of biofilms, host colonization, and the pathogenesis of opportunistic infections byEnterococcus faecalis. Here, we present new results showing that the expression of two major enterococcal surface adhesins,ebppili, and the collagen-binding protein Ace is positively regulated at the transcription level by twoargRfamily transcription factors, AhrC and ArgR2. In the case of pili, the direct target of regulation is theebpRgene, previously shown to activate the transcription of the pilus structural genes, while the activation ofacetranscription appears to be directly impacted by the two ArgR proteins. These transcription factors may represent new targets for blocking enterococcal infections.

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