NaCl markedly improved the reproductive capacity of the euhalophyte Suaeda salsa

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianrong Guo ◽  
Yandi Li ◽  
Guoliang Han ◽  
Jie Song ◽  
Baoshan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Suaeda Salsa ◽  
Leaf Axil ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Flower Abortion

The effect of NaCl on reproductive development was investigated in euhalophyte Suaeda salsa L. under controlled conditions. Results showed that NaCl promoted the reproductive growth of S. salsa and 200 mM NaCl was optimal. This was reflected in the increases of seed yield, seed number, flower number per plant and leaf axil, 1000 seed weight, as well as a decrease in flower abortion percentage with supply of NaCl. NaCl reduced the flower abortion percentage by increasing stigma receptivity instead of pollen viability. The Na+ and Cl– concentration in petals, stems and leaves were increased significantly but slightly in stamen and pistil. In contrast, the K+ concentration decreased markedly in leaves, stems and petals but a little in stamen and pistil. The Na+ and Cl– concentrations also increased significantly in seed from mother plants exposed to NaCl, whereas K+ decreased. However, seed quality was not influenced. Our results showed that high concentration of NaCl markedly increases the seed number and quality of S. salsa primarily via increasing flower number and fertility and S. salsa develops strategy to maintain ion homeostasis in reproductive organs for the generation. These factors play a pivotal role in setting up plant populations in saline environment.

Pea pollen viability and seed set response at high night temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-335
Author(s):  
Yunfei Jiang ◽  
Arthur R. Davis ◽  
Thomas D. Warkentin ◽  
Rosalind A. Bueckert
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Flower Abortion

Field pea (Pisum sativum L.), a major pulse crop in western Canada, is sensitive to elevated temperature and possibly to high night temperature. Our objective was to examine if increasing night temperature while maintaining a constant daytime temperature affected pollen viability and seed set in two pea cultivars (CDC Golden and CDC Sage). Cultivars were exposed to 27/18, 27/22, 27/26 °C (day/night temperatures) for 7 d during flowering stage. Results indicated that increased night temperatures had no significant effect on pollen viability, the number of reproductive nodes and flowers, percentage of flower abortion, seed number per pod, and seed yield per plant.

scholarly journals Changes in the Fluctuating Asymmetry of the Leaf and Reproductive Capacity of Betula pendula Roth Reflect Pessimization of Anthropogenically Transformed Environment

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1970
Author(s):  
Nina Turmukhametova ◽  
Elena Shadrina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Developmental Stability ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Zero Capacity

We have estimated the reproductive capacity of Betulapendula Roth and its relationship with an integrated measure of developmental stability, i.e., fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of the leaf. On the territory of a city with moderate anthropogenic pollution, a change has been detected in the integrated fluctuating asymmetry (IFA) of the morphology of the female reproductive sphere and reproductive capacity of Betula pendula. In conditions of anthropogenic stress, the birch is observed to produce a large yield of fruits annually, which is not subject to year-to-year fluctuations. Morphological variety of size and shape of fruit-producing organs increases along the gradient of industrial and transport pollution; part of morphotypes of infructescences and seeds is characterized by lowered or zero capacity for reproduction determined by seed quality (germination energy and germination capacity). The statistical data processing involved correlation, Shapiro–Wilk test, Levene’s test, factorial ANOVA, Scheffe test, Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA, Mann–Whitney test, χ2 method. Analysis of IFA has allowed us to reasonably well assess the state of the plant organism and to characterize environmental quality. A negative correlation between IFA and quantitative parameters of the functions of the reproductive sphere of B. pendula (infructescence diameter, seed quality) has been found, and positive correlation with qualitative parameters (the number of morphs of infructescences and seeds, the share of rare morphs of infructescences). Pessimization of urban environment creates the conditions for an increase in the share of defective infructescences and non-germinating seeds; a compensatory mechanism for this is an increase in reproductive effort of B. pendula. The consistency of responses in the vegetative and reproductive spheres reflects the disturbances in developmental stability of plants in urban communities.

scholarly journals Effect of high temperature on the reproductive development of chickpea genotypes under controlled environments

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viola Devasirvatham ◽  
Pooran M. Gaur ◽  
Nalini Mallikarjuna ◽  
Raju N. Tokachichu ◽  
Richard M. Trethowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Controlled Environments

High temperature during the reproductive stage in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major cause of yield loss. The objective of this research was to determine whether that variation can be explained by differences in anther and pollen development under heat stress: the effect of high temperature during the pre- and post-anthesis periods on pollen viability, pollen germination in a medium, pollen germination on the stigma, pollen tube growth and pod set in a heat-tolerant (ICCV 92944) and a heat-sensitive (ICC 5912) genotype was studied. The plants were evaluated under heat stress and non-heat stress conditions in controlled environments. High temperature stress (29/16°C to 40/25°C) was gradually applied at flowering to study pollen viability and stigma receptivity including flower production, pod set and seed number. This was compared with a non-stress treatment (27/16°C). The high temperatures reduced pod set by reducing pollen viability and pollen production per flower. The ICCV 92944 pollen was viable at 35/20°C (41% fertile) and at 40/25°C (13% fertile), whereas ICC 5912 pollen was completely sterile at 35/20°C with no in vitro germination and no germination on the stigma. However, the stigma of ICC 5912 remained receptive at 35/20°C and non-stressed pollen (27/16°C) germinated on it during reciprocal crossing. These data indicate that pollen grains were more sensitive to high temperature than the stigma in chickpea. High temperature also reduced pollen production per flower, % pollen germination, pod set and seed number.

scholarly journals Reproductive barriers in cassava: Factors and implications for genetic improvement

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260576
Author(s):  
Massaine Bandeira e Sousa ◽  
Luciano Rogerio Braatz de Andrade ◽  
Everton Hilo de Souza ◽  
Alfredo Augusto Cunha Alves ◽  
Eder Jorge de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Reproductive Barriers ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Flower Abortion ◽  
Hand Pollination

Cassava breeding is hampered by high flower abortion rates that prevent efficient recombination among promising clones. To better understand the factors causing flower abortion and propose strategies to overcome them, we 1) analyzed the reproductive barriers to intraspecific crossing, 2) evaluated pollen-pistil interactions to maximize hand pollination efficiency, and 3) identified the population structure of elite parental clones. From 2016 to 2018, the abortion and fertilization rates of 5,748 hand crossings involving 91 parents and 157 progenies were estimated. We used 16,300 single nucleotide polymorphism markers to study the parents’ population structure via discriminant analysis of principal components, and three clusters were identified. To test for male and female effects, we used a mixed model in which the environment (month and year) was fixed, while female and male (nested to female) were random effects. Regardless of the population structure, significant parental effects were identified for abortion and fertilization rates, suggesting the existence of reproductive barriers among certain cassava clones. Matching ability between cassava parents was significant for pollen grains that adhered to the stigma surface, germinated pollen grains, and the number of fertilized ovules. Non-additive genetic effects were important to the inheritance of these traits. Pollen viability and pollen-pistil interactions in cross- and self-pollination were also investigated to characterize pollen-stigma compatibility. Various events related to pollen tube growth dynamics indicated fertilization abnormalities. These abnormalities included the reticulated deposition of callose in the pollen tube, pollen tube growth cessation in a specific region of the stylet, and low pollen grain germination rate. Generally, pollen viability and stigma receptivity varied depending on the clone and flowering stage and were lost during flowering. This study provides novel insights into cassava reproduction that can assist in practical crossing and maximize the recombination of contrasting clones.

scholarly journals Influence of temperature and photoperiod on the germination of Senegalia bahiensis seeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thâmara Moura Lima ◽  
Andrea Vita Reis Mendonça ◽  
Cristiane Costa da Paixão ◽  
Teresa Aparecida Soares de Freitas ◽  
Ricardo Franco Cunha Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Total Seed

Senegalia bahiensis (Fabaceae family, Mimosoideae subfamily) is typical of an anthropic environment, and thus tolerates high levels of disturbance, which supports its use in restoration planting. However, widespread use and marketing of S. bahiensis seeds requires seed quality control, for which there is a dearth of protocols. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of temperature and photoperiod on the germination of Senegalia bahiensis seeds from different matrix trees. Seeds were collected from fruits of 15 matrix trees in the municipality of Castro Alves, Bahia, Brazil. Two assays were performed, one for each parameter tested. The experimental design of both assays was completely randomized in a factorial design, and included three replicates of 25 seeds. The design of the first assay was 15 (matrix trees) × 3 (conditions - 25°C, 30°C and alternating temperatures between 25 and 30°C) and the design of the second assay was 14 (matrix trees) × 3 (conditions - 8 or 12 hours of light, or continuous light). The percentage of germination of normal seedlings, germination speed index, mean root length based on total seed number, shoot length, root length and total length were determined. The Tukey's test was used to compare mean values. The S. bahiensis matrix trees used in this study have different requirements in terms of temperature and photoperiod for seed germination. According to our findings, combining a temperature of 30°C and an 8 h period of light conveys the most suitable conditions to conduct germination tests for most matrix trees.

scholarly journals Influence of phosphorus nutrition on seed yield and quality of pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars across different seasons

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra ◽  
Josef Hakl ◽  
Jiri Skladanka ◽  
Joanna Dłużniewska
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Due to the rapid shrinking of supply of mineral nutrients as well as observed weather fluctuations in throughout Europe in recent ten years, sustainable phosphorus fertilisation has become an important aspect of legume cultivation. There is a lack of knowledge about the effect of phosphorus (P) nutrition on the pea seed yield and quality in water poor conditions. This study was conducted to evaluate the seed yield and seed chemical composition of selected pea cultivars in response to the level of P fertilisation and weather conditions across three consecutive years. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to assess the proportion of variability of tested variables (seed quality traits) that could be explained by explanatory variables (year, cultivar, fertilisation). Temporary soil drought during flowering stage resulted in a significant increase in yield only after high level of phosphorus application (140 kg ha–1). This indicates that phosphorus significantly mitigated the effect of water shortage. In a dry year, pea had high concentration of fat and fibre in seeds, while in very humid year the opposite response was observed. RDA analysis proved that year effect explained over 50% variability, whereas cultivar and P fertilisation explained only 14.2% of variability. The effect of P fertilisation was only marginal (1.6%) in comparison with cultivar selection (12.6%). Interaction of pea cultivars with fertilisation shows a consistent tendency towards increase of crude protein under higher phosphorus doses for cultivars ‘Tarchalska’ and ‘Protecta’ whereas opposite tendency was observed for ‘Batuta’ and ‘Tinker’. It can be concluded that suitable cultivar selection gives a much greater opportunity to affect pea chemical composition than P fertilisation.

Sodium chloride improves seed vigour of the euhalophyte Suaeda salsa

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianrong Guo ◽  
Shanshan Suo ◽  
Bao-Shan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Suaeda Salsa ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Black Seeds

AbstractSuaeda salsa is an annual herbaceous euhalophyte in the family Chenopodiaceae that produces dimorphic seeds on the same plant under natural conditions. In order to determine the effect of salinity on seed quality traits during seed formation, seeds from plants grown under control conditions and on 200 mM NaCl were used to investigate the effect of NaCl on seed production and seed germination. Results showed that size and weight of both black and brown seeds generated from 200 mM NaCl-treated plants were markedly greater than those from controls. The germination percentage of brown seeds from both control and NaCl-treated plants was higher than that of black seeds. Furthermore, the germination percentage of the black seeds generated from 200 mM NaCl-treated plants was significantly higher than that of the control at different concentrations of NaCl, although germination percentage declined with the increase NaCl concentration. Surprisingly, NaCl did not affect germination of the brown seeds. The germination index and vigour index of both black and brown seeds from the control plants were significantly lower than those of seeds from the different NaCl treatments. Seed starch, soluble sugar, protein and lipid content of both black and brown seeds generated from the 200 mM NaCl-treated plants were significantly higher than those from the control. These results suggest that a certain concentration of NaCl plays a pivotal role in seed vitality of the euhalophyte S. salsa through increasing seed weight and contents of storage compounds such as protein, starch and fatty acids.

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