scholarly journals Approaches to three-dimensional reconstruction of plant shoot topology and geometry

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon A. Gibbs ◽  
Michael Pound ◽  
Andrew P. French ◽  
Darren M. Wells ◽  
Erik Murchie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Climate Adaption ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability ◽  
Plant Shoots ◽  
Severe Flooding

There are currently 805 million people classified as chronically undernourished, and yet the World’s population is still increasing. At the same time, global warming is causing more frequent and severe flooding and drought, thus destroying crops and reducing the amount of land available for agriculture. Recent studies show that without crop climate adaption, crop productivity will deteriorate. With access to 3D models of real plants it is possible to acquire detailed morphological and gross developmental data that can be used to study their ecophysiology, leading to an increase in crop yield and stability across hostile and changing environments. Here we review approaches to the reconstruction of 3D models of plant shoots from image data, consider current applications in plant and crop science, and identify remaining challenges. We conclude that although phenotyping is receiving an increasing amount of attention – particularly from computer vision researchers – and numerous vision approaches have been proposed, it still remains a highly interactive process. An automated system capable of producing 3D models of plants would significantly aid phenotyping practice, increasing accuracy and repeatability of measurements.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of metabolic data from quantitative autoradiography of rat brain

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (3) ◽  
pp. E412-E419 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Hibbard ◽  
R. A. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Quantitative Autoradiography ◽  
Alignment Algorithm ◽  
Computer Methods ◽  
Mathematical Properties ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Quantitative autoradiography is a powerful method for studying brain function by the determination of blood flow, glucose utilization, or transport of essential nutrients. Autoradiographic images contain vast amounts of potentially useful information, but conventional analyses can practically sample the data at only a small number of points arbitrarily chosen by the experimenter to represent discrete brain structures. To use image data more fully, computer methods for its acquisition, storage, quantitative analysis, and display are required. We have developed a system of computer programs that performs these tasks and has the following features: 1) editing and analysis of single images using interactive graphics, 2) an automatic image alignment algorithm that places images in register with one another using only the mathematical properties of the images themselves, 3) the calculation of mean images from equivalent images in different experimental serial image sets, 4) the calculation of difference images (e.g., experiment-minus-control) with the option to display only differences estimated to be statistically significant, and 5) the display of serial image metabolic maps reconstructed in three dimensions using a high-speed computer graphics system.

scholarly journals USE OF IMAGE BASED MODELLING FOR DOCUMENTATION OF INTRICATELY SHAPED OBJECTS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
M. Marčiš ◽  
P. Barták ◽  
D. Valaška ◽  
M. Fraštia ◽  
O. Trhan
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Interior Spaces ◽  
Automated Processing ◽  
2D Drawing ◽  
Photogrammetric Measurement

In the documentation of cultural heritage, we can encounter three dimensional shapes and structures which are complicated to measure. Such objects are for example spiral staircases, timber roof trusses, historical furniture or folk costume where it is nearly impossible to effectively use the traditional surveying or the terrestrial laser scanning due to the shape of the object, its dimensions and the crowded environment. The actual methods of digital photogrammetry can be very helpful in such cases with the emphasis on the automated processing of the extensive image data. The created high resolution 3D models and 2D orthophotos are very important for the documentation of architectural elements and they can serve as an ideal base for the vectorization and 2D drawing documentation. This contribution wants to describe the various usage of image based modelling in specific interior spaces and specific objects. The advantages and disadvantages of the photogrammetric measurement of such objects in comparison to other surveying methods are reviewed.

Evaluation of Spherical Parameterization Methods for Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Medical Images

2013 ◽  
Vol 365-366 ◽  
pp. 1342-1349
Author(s):  
Xing Hui Wu ◽  
Zhi Xiu Hao
Keyword(s):  
Medical Images ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Geometric Error ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Shape Modelling ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Statistical Shape ◽  
Spherical Parameterization

The spherical parameterization is important for the correspondence problem that is a major part of statistical shape modelling for the reconstruction of patient-specific 3D models from medical images. In this paper, we present comparative studies of five common spherical mapping methods applied to the femur and tibia models: the Issenburg et al. method, the Alexa method, the Saba et al. method, the Praun et al. method and the Shen et al. method. These methods are evaluated using three sets of measures: distortion property, geometric error and distance to standard landmarks. Results show that the Praun et al. method performs better than other methods while the Shen et al. method can be regarded as the most reliable one for providing an acceptable correspondence result. We suggest that the area preserving property can be used as a sufficient condition while the angle preserving property is not important when choosing a spherical mapping method for correspondence application.

scholarly journals Visual Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Aortic Dissection Based on Medical CT Images

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Duan ◽  
Dandan Chen ◽  
Jianming Wang ◽  
Meichen Shi ◽  
Qingliang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Hessian Matrix ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Ray Casting ◽  
Initial Shape ◽  
Spatial Continuity ◽  
Training Samples ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

With the rapid development of CT technology, especially the higher resolution of CT machine and a sharp increase in the amount of slices, to extract and three-dimensionally display aortic dissection from the huge medical image data became a challenging task. In this paper, active shape model combined with spatial continuity was adopted to realize automatic reconstruction of aortic dissection. First, we marked aortic feature points from big data sample library and registered training samples to build a statistical model. Meanwhile, gray vectors were sampled by utilizing square matrix, which set the landmarks as the center. Posture parameters of the initial shape were automatically adjusted by the method of spatial continuity between CT sequences. The contrast experiment proved that the proposed algorithm could realize accurate aorta segmentation without selecting the interested region, and it had higher accuracy than GVF snake algorithm (93.29% versus 87.54% on aortic arch, 94.30% versus 89.25% on descending aorta). Aortic dissection membrane was extracted via Hessian matrix and Bayesian theory. Finally, the three-dimensional visualization of the aortic dissection was completed by volume rendering based on the ray casting method to assist the doctors in clinical diagnosis, which contributed to improving the success rate of the operations.

scholarly journals 3D Printing Experimental Validation of the Finite Element Analysis of the Maxillofacial Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingheng Shu ◽  
Haotian Luo ◽  
Yuanli Zhang ◽  
Zhan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects ◽  
Bottom To Top

Contacts used in finite element (FE) models were considered as the best simulation for interactions in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). However, the precision of simulations should be validated through experiments. Three-dimensional (3D) printing models with the high geometric and loading similarities of the individuals were used in the validation. This study aimed to validate the FE models of the TMJ using 3D printing models. Five asymptomatic subjects were recruited in this study. 3D models of mandible, disc, and maxilla were reconstructed according to cone-beam CT (CBCT) image data. PLA was chosen for 3D printing models from bottom to top. Five pressure forces corresponding to the central occlusion were applied to the 3D printing models. Ten strain rosettes were distributed on the mandible to record the horizontal and vertical strains. Contact was used in the FE models with the same geometries, material properties, loadings, and boundary conditions as 3D printing models to simulate the interaction of the disc-condyle, disc-temporal bone, and upper-lower dentition. The differences of the simulated and experimental results for each sample were less than 5% (maximum 4.92%) under all five loadings. In conclusion, it was accurate to use contact to simulate the interactions in TMJs and upper-lower dentition.

scholarly journals Towards an easy generation of scientific three-dimensional models for embedding into 3D PDF (Portable Document Format) files

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Newe
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Portable Document Format ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Biomedical Image Processing ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Biomedical Image ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Document Format

The Portable Document Format (PDF) allows for embedding three-dimensional (3D) models and is therefore particularly suitable to exchange and present respective data, especially as regards scholarly articles. The generation of the necessary model data, however, is still challenging, especially for inexperienced users. This prevents an unrestrained proliferation of 3D PDF usage in scientific communication. This article introduces a new module for the biomedical image processing framework MeVisLab. It enables even novice users to generate the model data files without requiring programming skills and without the need for an intensive training by simply using it as a conversion tool. Advanced users can benefit from the full capability of MeVisLab to generate and export the model data as part of an overall processing chain. Although MeVisLab is primarily designed for handling biomedical image data, the new module is not restricted to this domain. It can be used for all scientific disciplines.

scholarly journals Beyond the visible spectrum – applying 3D multispectral full-body imaging to the VirtoScan system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sören Kottner ◽  
Martin M. Schulz ◽  
Florian Berger ◽  
Michael Thali ◽  
Dominic Gascho
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Image Data ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Body Imaging ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Full Body

AbstractMultispectral photography offers a wide range of applications for forensic investigations. It is commonly used to detect latent evidence and to enhance the visibility of findings. Additionally, three-dimensional (3D) full-body documentation has become much easier and more affordable in recent years. However, the benefits of performing 3D imaging beyond the visible (VIS) spectrum are not well known, and the technique has not been widely used in forensic medical investigations. A multicamera setup was used to employ multispectral photogrammetry between 365 and 960 nm in postmortem investigations. The multicamera setup included four modified digital cameras, ultraviolet (UV) and near-infrared (NIR) light sources and supplemental lens filters. Full-body documentation was performed in conjunction with the use of a medical X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner to automate the imaging procedure. Textured 3D models based on multispectral datasets from four example cases were reconstructed successfully. The level of detail and overall quality of the 3D reconstructions varied depending on the spectral range of the image data. Generally, the NIR datasets showed enhanced visibility of vein patterns and specific injuries, whereas the UV-induced datasets highlighted foreign substances on the skin. Three-dimensional multispectral full-body imaging enables the detection of latent evidence that is invisible to the naked eye and allows visualization, documentation and analysis of evidence beyond the VIS spectrum.

scholarly journals THE DIGITAL EPHEMER: HENRY III OF FRANCE IN VENICE (1574)

2021 ◽  
Vol VIII-M-1-2021 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
C. Balletti ◽  
F. Guerra ◽  
C. Meneghello ◽  
G. Romanato
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Andrea Palladio ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Digital Reconstruction ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Scientific Survey

Abstract. Sometimes digital reconstruction interfaces with the ephemeral aspect of the Cultural Heritage. Photogrammetric survey, integrated with the most up-to-date visualization technologies, aims to the production of 3D models that can recreate and document the artifacts that were made to be short-lived.The paper deals with the documentation of an historical event: the stay of Henry III of France in Venice in 1574. This happening has been studied as part of the journey from Poland to France, undertaken by the king through Austria and northern Italy. Many royal events were organized and among the architectural and sculptural works that were made for the occasion, two stand out: the ephemeral triumphal arch and loggia designed by Andrea Palladio for the grand entry of the King and the three hundred sugar sculptures cast from moulds obtained from Jacopo Sansovino’s workshop.Historical research, iconography and cartography, along with the photogrammetric survey of some artworks still visible today, allowed the three-dimensional reconstruction of the temporary structures and sugar sculptures created for this historical event and made to last only for the ten days of his stay.The purpose of this research is to map the movements of the King and recreate the works of art that were created for him in various parts of Venice, according to a geographic and scientific approach, by framing them in space and time and employing the 3D models to project the observer into 16th century Venice.The integration of methods and techniques pertaining to geomatics and three-dimensional computer graphics allow us to animate and reconstruct images of no longer existing places and works of art which were made to be fleeting but scenic at the same time and arouse amazement between the leading personalities of those times.The “digitalization of the ephemeral” aims to bring these artifacts back to memory, following a meticulous process based on the examination of the historical sources together with cartographic data and a scientific survey.

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