Establishing the temperature dependency of vegetative and reproductive growth processes and their threshold temperatures of vineyard-grown Vitis vinifera cv. Semillon vines across the growing season

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis H. Greer ◽  
Mark M. Weedon
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Dependent Processes

A hydrocooling system provided canopy temperature control of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Semillon vines at set points of 30, 35 and 40°C. The impacts on vegetative and reproductive growth over the growing season were assessed. Dynamics and rates of leaf expansion, bunch biomass and sugar accumulation were strongly affected by canopy temperatures – being highest at 30°C and lowest at 40°C. Leaf and stem biomass accumulation at 40°C was detrimentally affected but was otherwise little affected by temperature. Leaf expansion was earliest, leaf sizes greatest and rates of expansion all optimal at 30°C and all were strongly temperature dependent. Bunch biomass accumulation was earliest at 35°C but amount of biomass in bunches and rates were both highly temperature dependent and optimal at 30°C. Rates of sugar accumulation and total amounts accumulated at harvest were both highly temperature-dependent processes: fastest and greatest at 30°C. Many of the temperature-dependent processes decreased in rates and amounts linearly between 30 and 40°C. Despite the effects of temperature on bunch and berry growth, there were no treatment effects on the yield per vine. The study confirms that the threshold temperature for most processes was 35°C, where some depreciation in dry matter and sugar accumulation occurred, whereas 40°C was detrimental to all growth processes.

Does the hydrocooling of Vitis vinifera cv. Semillon vines protect the vegetative and reproductive growth processes and vine performance against high summer temperatures?

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis H. Greer ◽  
Mark M. Weedon
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Berry Composition ◽  
Carbon Economy

A hydrocooling system applied to Semillon (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines as a means of protecting the vines from recurrent high temperatures. This system was assessed for impacts on vegetative and reproductive growth and development as well as for carbon economy of vines growing in vineyard conditions. The system maintained canopy temperatures at 35°C over the growing season. Leaf and bunch biomass and yield were all higher in the hydrocooled compared with control vines: the major effect was on dynamics of leaf and berry expansion. Leaf expansion was delayed and occurred over a longer duration whereas berry expansion was advanced and occurred over a longer duration than in control vines. Berry ripening was also faster in the hydrocooled vines and berries had accumulated more sugar at harvest. Leaf photosynthesis along the shoot was also higher in hydrocooled than control vines and there was a significant effect of leaf position on rates of photosynthesis of the hydrocooled vines but not with control vines. However, no differences were observed in the net shoot carbon budget. Lowered canopy temperatures were beneficial for yield and berry composition and, therefore, the cooling system warrants adoption in vineyards at risk from high temperature events during the growing season.

scholarly journals CONTRIBUTION OF CARBON AND NITROGEN RESERVES TO VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH OF RABBITEYE BLUEBERRY

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 682G-682
Author(s):  
Keith T. Birkhold ◽  
Rebecca L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth

Partitioning of carbon and nitrogen reserves were examined in two cultivars of rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium ashei] differing in their timing of vegetative budbreak relative to floral budbreak. Floral budbreak precedes vegetative budbreak in `Climax', while floral and vegetative budbreak occur concomitantly in `Bonita'. Twenty eight containerized plants from each cultivar were dual labeled in the fall with 105 μCi of 14C02 and 0.6 g of nitrogen enriched with 5% 15N. Plants were grown outdoors throughout the winter and the following growing season. At five dates, beginning 27 days prior to full bloom and ending at fruit maturity, plants were harvested into old shoots, roots, fruit, and vegetative growth. Fall leaf drop accounted for loss of 12% of applied N and 20% of applied 14C. In the first harvest, approximately 73% of the recovered 15N and 50% of the recovered 14C was in the roots for both cultivars. By fruit maturity, approximately 8% of the recovered 15N was in the fruits, 51% in new vegetative growth, and 41% in old shoots and roots. Approximately 1.2% of the recovered 14C was in fruit, 1.5% in vegetative growth, and 97% in old shoots and roots. Data suggest that differences in the timing of vegetative budbreak between these two cultivars do not influence overall partitioning patterns of reserve carbon and nitrogen.

scholarly journals A study to Establish a Protocol for Cultivation of Jatropha curcas Linn

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-460
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
LB Banu ◽  
MN Uddin ◽  
MM Begum
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Stem Cutting ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth

Survival rate of stem cutting, vegetative and reproductive growth studies were performed with Jatropha curcas. Plant species were collected from different topographical regions of Bangladesh viz. Chittagong, Sylhet, Jessore and Thakurgaon. No organic, inorganic fertilizer or plant hormone were used in this experiment. Results of the study revealed that best performance in respect of vegetative growth and reproductive growth was found in field condition. The study also showed that survival rate of stem cutting is highest in pot. The maximum survival rate (42.7%) for stem cutting was found during the month of March. Stem cutting collected from Chittagong showed best performance. The results suggested that genome collection and cultivation of Jatropha curcas performed best in summer season, specifically from March to early April, which is unusual to other plants in our country. It also suggested that to cultivate J. curcas in level land like Dhaka, steam cutting should be collected from hilly areas of Bangladesh like Chittagong district for more survival rate of plants. Key words: Jatropha curcas; growing season; fertilizer; soil pH; survival percentage. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i4.4598 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(4), 457-460, 2009

scholarly journals Vegetation-free Area Surrounding Newly Planted `Niagara' Grapevines Affects Vine Growth

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Zabadal ◽  
Thomas W. Dittmer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vitis Labrusca ◽  
Vine Growth ◽  
Manual Weeding ◽  
Free Area

Varying amounts of vegetation-free area (VFA) were established around newly planted `Niagara' (Vitis labrusca L. × Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines to determine their influence on vine growth during the first growing season. VFAs were either circular with radii from 0 to 5 ft (0 to 152 cm) in one experiment or in bands from 0 to 8 ft (0 to 244 cm) in width in a second experiment. VFAs were maintained with biweekly manual weeding for the entire growing season. Leaf, shoot and root dry weights as well as the number of primary shoots and the length of the longest root were measured at the end of their first growing season. The thresholds for maximum vine dry weight biomass accumulation occurred with a circular VFA of 4 ft (122 cm). When banded VFAs were used, total vine dry weight biomass continued to increase up to the widest treatment of 8 ft (244 cm). Therefore, no threshold was attained. These are greater VFAs than typically established around vines in commercial plantings. Therefore, growers who desire to maximize vine growth of newly planted vines, should consider larger VFAs around vines than has been traditional unless such a practice is likely to cause surface soil erosion.

The net carbon balance in relation to growth and biomass accumulation of grapevines (Vitis vinifera cv. Semillon) grown in a controlled environment

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis H. Greer ◽  
Sylvie M. Sicard
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Carbon Economy

Assessing the impacts of environmental stresses on plant growth and productivity requires an understanding of the growth processes and the carbon economy that underpins this growth. Potted grapevines of the Vitis vinifera L. cv. Semillon were grown in a controlled environment and canopy growth; leaf, bunch and stem extension and net photosynthesis were routinely measured from budbreak to harvest. Allometric relationships enabled dry matter to be determined and, with net photosynthesis, used to determine the shoot carbon economy. Stems, leaves and bunches all followed a sigmoid growth pattern with leaves and stems allocated similar amounts of biomass and carbon while bunches had twice as much. Rates of carbon sequestered as biomass exceeded rates of carbon acquisition through net photosynthesis for over 25 days after budbreak. Despite the high demand for biomass in bunch growth, rates of carbon sequestration actually declined and overall, the vines maintained a positive carbon balance throughout the period of bunch growth. The Semillon shoots relied on carbon reserves to commence growth then produced a 53% carbon surplus after leaf (9%), stem (10%) and bunch (28%) growth demands were satisfied. This suggests these vines also allocated carbon to reserves to sustain the next season’s growth.

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