Overexpression of human peroxisomal enoyl-CoA delta isomerase2 HsPECI2, an ortholog of bamboo expressed during gregarious flowering alters salinity stress responses and polar lipid content in tobacco

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Vineeta Rai ◽  
Shayan Sarkar ◽  
Suresh Satpati ◽  
Nrisingha Dey
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Gregarious Flowering

Peroxisomal enoyl-CoA delta isomerase2 (PECI2) is one of the key enzymes that has critical role in lipid metabolism and plant development during salt stress. Seven out of ten tobacco plants overexpressing human PECI2 (HsPECI2) with PTS1-sequence showed hypersensitivity to salt. Under salt-stress, T2 transformed plants (HsPECI2) displayed reduced primary root, delayed shoot-growth, and visibly smaller rosette leaves turning pale yellow as compared to the pKYLX71 vector control plant. Also, we found altered reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and reduced catalase activity in 100 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) treated HsPECI2 transformed plant compared with the pKYLX71 counterpart. ESI-MS/MS data showed that the polar lipids were differentially modulated upon salt treatment in HsPECI2 transformed and pKYLX71 plants as compared with the respective untreated counterpart. Notably, the levels of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid varied significantly, whereas phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine and digalactosyldiacylglycerol contents were moderately upregulated. In parallel, abscisic acid (ABA) responsiveness assay confirmed insensitivity of HsPECI2 transformed plant towards ABA. Overall our data proclaim that HsPECI2 play multifunctional role in normal development and response to salinity stress apart from its primary role in β-oxidation.

scholarly journals Antioxidative and Metabolic Contribution to Salinity Stress Responses in Two Rapeseed Cultivars during the Early Seedling Stage

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1227
Author(s):  
Ali Mahmoud El-Badri ◽  
Maria Batool ◽  
Ibrahim A. A. Mohamed ◽  
Zongkai Wang ◽  
Ahmed Khatab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Early Seedling

Measuring metabolite patterns and antioxidant ability is vital to understanding the physiological and molecular responses of plants under salinity. A morphological analysis of five rapeseed cultivars showed that Yangyou 9 and Zhongshuang 11 were the most salt-tolerant and -sensitive, respectively. In Yangyou 9, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were minimized by the activation of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) for scavenging of over-accumulated ROS under salinity stress. Furthermore, Yangyou 9 showed a significantly higher positive correlation with photosynthetic pigments, osmolyte accumulation, and an adjusted Na+/K+ ratio to improve salt tolerance compared to Zhongshuang 11. Out of 332 compounds identified in the metabolic profile, 225 metabolites were filtrated according to p < 0.05, and 47 metabolites responded to salt stress within tolerant and sensitive cultivars during the studied time, whereas 16 and 9 metabolic compounds accumulated during 12 and 24 h, respectively, in Yangyou 9 after being sown in salt treatment, including fatty acids, amino acids, and flavonoids. These metabolites are relevant to metabolic pathways (amino acid, sucrose, flavonoid metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), which accumulated as a response to salinity stress. Thus, Yangyou 9, as a tolerant cultivar, showed improved antioxidant enzyme activity and higher metabolite accumulation, which enhances its tolerance against salinity. This work aids in elucidating the essential cellular metabolic changes in response to salt stress in rapeseed cultivars during seed germination. Meanwhile, the identified metabolites can act as biomarkers to characterize plant performance in breeding programs under salt stress. This comprehensive study of the metabolomics and antioxidant activities of Brassica napus L. during the early seedling stage is of great reference value for plant breeders to develop salt-tolerant rapeseed cultivars.

scholarly journals The RESPONSE OF SUGARCANE GENOTYPES SUBJECTED TO SALINITY STRESS AT DIFFERENT GROWTH PHASES

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
C. Brindha, S. Vasantha, R. Arunkumar
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Yield Responses

 A few commercial sugarcane genotypes were subjected to salinity stress at various growth phases of sugarcane to ascertain the critical growth stage for salinity stress and to assess the response of the genotypes. All the data were recorded and analysed during maturity phase. The salt treatments drastically reduced SPAD chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence, RWC, stalk height, weight and other yield parameters in a few genotypes during T2 (salt treatment given during formative phase) & T5 (salt treatment given throughout crop cycle) but a few genotypes which are tolerant towards salt stress gave better results comparing other genotypes. The ions like sodium, potassium and chloride were analysed in the juice which showed higher elevation in the genotype Co 97010. Among the genotypes, Co 85019 and Co 99004 recorded significantly prime compared to rest of the genotypes. Treatment throughout the growth phases (T5) followed by stress at formative phase (T2) were found to be critical for growth, physiological and yield responses in all the genotypes.

scholarly journals Balancing growth amidst salinity stress-lifestyle perspectives from the extremophyte model Schrenkiella parvula

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieu-Nga Tran ◽  
Pramod Pantha ◽  
Guannan Wang ◽  
Narender Kumar ◽  
Chathura Wijesinghege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Vessel Elements

The use of extremophyte models to select growth promoting traits during environmental stresses is a recognized yet an underutilized strategy to design stress-resilient plants. Schrenkiella parvula, a leading extremophyte model in Brassicaceae, can grow and complete its life cycle under multiple environmental stresses, including high salinity. While S. parvula is equipped with foundational genomic resources to identify genetic clues that potentially lead to stress adaptations at the phenome level, a comprehensive physiological and structural characterization of salt stress responses throughout its lifecycle is absent. We aimed to identify the influential traits that lead to resilient growth and strategic decisions to ensure survival of the species in an extreme environment, and examined salt-induced changes in the physiology and anatomy of S. parvula throughout its life cycle across multiple tissues. We found that S. parvula maintains or even enhances growth during various developmental stages at salt stress levels known to inhibit growth in Arabidopsis thaliana and most crops. The resilient growth of S. parvula was associated with key traits synergistically allowing continued primary root growth, expansion of xylem vessel elements across the root-shoot continuum, and the high capacity to maintain tissue water levels by developing larger and thicker leaves while facilitating continued photosynthesis during salt stress. In turn, the stress-resilient growth during the vegetative phase of S. parvula allowed a successful transition to a reproductive phase via early flowering followed by the development of larger siliques with viable seeds on salt-treated plants. Additionally, the success of self-fertilization in early flowering stages was dependent on salt-induced filament elongation. Our results suggest that the maintenance of leaf water status and enhancement of selfing in early flowers to ensure reproductive success are among the most influential traits that contribute to the extremophilic lifestyle of S. parvula in its natural habitat.

scholarly journals Ectopic Expression of Gs5PTase8, a Soybean Inositol Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatase, Enhances Salt Tolerance in Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Jia ◽  
Song Sun ◽  
Defeng Kong ◽  
Junliang Song ◽  
Lumei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Inositol Polyphosphate ◽  
Wild Type

Inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases (5PTases) function in inositol signaling by regulating the catabolism of phosphoinositol derivatives. Previous reports showed that 5PTases play a critical role in plant development and stress responses. In this study, we identified a novel 5PTase gene, Gs5PTase8, from the salt-tolerance locus of chromosome 3 in wild soybean (Glycine soja). Gs5PTase8 is highly up-regulated under salt treatment. It is localized in the nucleus and plasma membrane with a strong signal in the apoplast. Ectopic expression of Gs5PTase8 significantly increased salt tolerance in transgenic BY-2 cells, soybean hairy roots and Arabidopsis, suggesting Gs5PTase8 could increase salt tolerance in plants. The overexpression of Gs5PTase8 significantly enhanced the activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase under salt stress. The seeds of Gs5PTase8-transgenic Arabidopsis germinated earlier than the wild type under abscisic acid treatment, indicating Gs5PTase8 would alter ABA sensitivity. Besides, transcriptional analyses showed that the stress-responsive genes, AtRD22, AtRD29A and AtRD29B, were induced with a higher level in the Gs5PTase8-transgenic Arabidopsis plants than in the wild type under salt stress. These results reveal that Gs5PTase8 play a positive role in salt tolerance and might be a candidate gene for improving soybean adaptation to salt stress.

scholarly journals Assessment of NaCl-Induced Stress in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Khushbu Jain ◽  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
Md. Shamim ◽  
Jitesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Comparative Response ◽  
Root Tissues

Comparative study about the salt-induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation has been realised in primary root tissues for Tomato (Lycopersicon esculantum L.) in order to evaluate their responses to salt stress. Salinity impacts in terms of root growth, H2O2 generation, lipid peroxidation and membrane destabilisation were more pronounced in roots. Salt treatment in form of NaCl was given to the roots of the tomato plants in hydroponics culture. Root length was measured by centimetre scale, H2O2 and lipid peroxidation was confirmed by spectrophotometer. Absorbance for H2O2 estimation was recorded at 480 nm whereas for Lipid peroxidation was done at 600nm. When the tomato plants were treated with different concentrations of NaCl, it was observed that as the concentration of NaCl was increasing, there  was decreased root growth resulting in reduced root length and  proportionate increase in the amount of H2O2  production level with increase in the concentrations of NaCl treatment upto 300mM Concentration and  Significant increase in Lipid peroxidation was observed with the increase in NaCl concentrations upto 500mM Concentration. Comparative response may be helpful in developing a better understanding of tolerance mechanisms to salt stress in Tomato.

scholarly journals Analysis of Seaweed Extract-induced Transcriptome Leads to Identification of a Negative Regulator of Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mundaya N. Jithesh ◽  
Owen S.D. Wally ◽  
Iain Manfield ◽  
Alan T. Critchley ◽  
David Hiltz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Insertion Mutant ◽  
Dna Insertion

Successful development of plants resistant to salinity stress is problematic as a result of the complex polygenic natures of salt tolerance. Previously, alkaline extracts of the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum have shown promise in enhancing plant tolerance toward abiotic stresses. To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, the whole genome transcriptome of Arabidopsis undergoing salt stress was analyzed by microarray analysis after treatment with the chemical components of A. nodosum extracts (ANE). Treatment with ANE induced many positive regulators of salt tolerance in addition to downregulating numerous other genes. Using T-DNA insertion mutants within these downregulated genes, we examined the potential for a novel source of enhanced NaCl tolerance through removal of negative regulators of NaCl stress responses within Arabidopsis. Several potential target mutations were identified with enhanced salt-tolerant phenotypes. A T-DNA insertion within the promoter of a putative Pectin Methyl Esterase Inhibitor (PMEI) gene (At1g62760) was found to be resistant to salinity stress and was further characterized. This T-DNA insertion mutant was designated as pmei1-1. The phenotype of pmei1-1 seedlings included increased primary root growth in vitro and improved biomass accumulation under NaCl stress. Additionally, modified transcript levels of dehydration-responsive genes, including RD29A, were observed in pmei1-1 plants. Taken together, these results suggest a role for PMEI as a negative regulator of NaCl resistance and that chemical stress-induced transcriptome analysis may lead to identification of additional novel regulators of abiotic stress tolerance in plants, the use of which would have significant implications for agriculture globally.

scholarly journals Overexpression of a Novel ERF-X-Type Transcription Factor, OsERF106MZ, Reduces Shoot Growth and Tolerance to Salinity Stress in Rice

Rice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Chi Chen ◽  
Tzu-Cheng Chien ◽  
Tsung-Yang Chen ◽  
Ming-Hau Chiang ◽  
Ming-Hsin Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Transgenic Rice ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Stress Responsive Genes

AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) such as ethylene-responsive factors (ERFs) are important for regulating plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stress. Notably, more than half of the rice ERF-X group members, including ethylene-responsive factor 106 (OsERF106), are abiotic stress-responsive genes. However, their regulatory roles in abiotic stress responses remain poorly understood. OsERF106, a salinity-induced gene of unknown function, is annotated differently in RAP-DB and MSU RGAP. In this study, we isolated a novel (i.e., previously unannotated) OsERF106 gene, designated OsERF106MZ (GenBank accession No. MZ561461), and investigated its role in regulating growth and the response to salinity stress in rice. OsERF106MZ is expressed in germinating seeds, primary roots, and developing flowers. Overexpression of OsERF106MZ led to retardation of growth, relatively high levels of both malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced catalase (CAT) activity, and overaccumulation of both sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions in transgenic rice shoots. Additionally, the expression of OsHKT1.3 was downregulated in the shoots of transgenic seedlings grown under both normal and NaCl-treated conditions, while the expression of OsAKT1 was upregulated in the same tissues grown under NaCl-treated conditions. Further microarray and qPCR analyses indicated that the expression of several abiotic stress-responsive genes such as OsABI5 and OsSRO1c was also altered in the shoots of transgenic rice grown under either normal or NaCl-treated conditions. The novel transcription factor OsERF106MZ negatively regulates shoot growth and salinity tolerance in rice through the disruption of ion homeostasis and modulation of stress-responsive gene expression.

scholarly journals CaDHN4, a Salt and Cold Stress-Responsive Dehydrin Gene from Pepper Decreases Abscisic Acid Sensitivity in Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Hua-feng Zhang ◽  
Su-ya Liu ◽  
Ji-hui Ma ◽  
Xin-ke Wang ◽  
Saeed ul Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Acid Sensitivity ◽  
Aba Sensitivity ◽  
Dehydrin Gene

Dehydrins play an important role in improving plant resistance to abiotic stresses. In this study, we isolated a dehydrin gene from pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaves, designated as CaDHN4. Sub-cellular localization of CaDHN4 was to be found in the nucleus and membrane. To authenticate the function of CaDHN4 in cold- and salt-stress responses and abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity, we reduced the CaDHN4 expression using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and overexpressed the CaDHN4 in Arabidopsis. We found that silencing of CaDHN4 reduced the growth of pepper seedlings and CaDHN4-silenced plants exhibited more serious wilting, higher electrolyte leakage, and more accumulation of ROS in the leaves compared to pTRV2:00 plants after cold stress, and lower chlorophyll contents and higher electrolyte leakage compared to pTRV2:00 plants under salt stress. However, CaDHN4-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants had higher seed germination rates and post-germination primary root growth, compared to WT plants under salt stress. In response to cold and salt stresses, the CaDHN4-overexpressed Arabidopsis exhibited lower MDA content, and lower relative electrolyte leakage compared to the WT plants. Under ABA treatments, the fresh weight and germination rates of transgenic plants were higher than WT plants. The transgenic Arabidopsis expressing a CaDHN4 promoter displayed a more intense GUS staining than the normal growth conditions under treatment with hormones including ABA, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and salicylic acid (SA). Our results suggest that CaDHN4 can protect against cold and salt stresses and decrease ABA sensitivity in Arabidopsis.

scholarly journals Interruption of Jasmonic Acid Biosynthesis Causes Differential Responses in the Roots and Shoots of Maize Seedlings against Salt Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 6202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramala Masood Ahmad ◽  
Cheng Cheng ◽  
Jia Sheng ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Hong Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Positive Regulator ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

Jasmonates (JAs) together with jasmonic acid and its offshoots are lipid-derived endogenous hormones that play key roles in both developmental processes and different defense responses in plants. JAs have been studied intensively in the past decades for their substantial roles in plant defense comebacks against diverse environmental stresses among model plants. However, the role of this phytohormone has been poorly investigated in the monocotyledonous species against abiotic stresses. In this study, a JA biosynthesis mutant opr7opr8 was used for the investigation of JA roles in the salt stress responses of maize seedlings, whose roots were exposed to 0 to 300 mM NaCl. Foliar stomatal observation showed that opr7opr8 had a larger stomatal aperture than wild type (WT) (B73) under salinity stress, indicating that JA positively regulates guard cell movement under salt stress. The results regarding chlorophyll content and leaf senescence showed that opr7opr8 exhibited delayed leaf senescence under salt stress as compared to WT, indicating that JA plays a role in salt-inducing cell death and subsequent leaf senescence. Moreover, the morphological parameters, including the length of the shoots and roots, and the fresh and dry weights of the shoots and roots, showed that after 7 days of salt treatment, opr7opr8 had heavier and longer shoots than WT but slighter and shorter roots than WT. In addition, ion analysis showed that opr7opr8 accumulated less sodium but more potassium in the leaves than WT but more sodium and less potassium in the roots than WT, suggesting that JA deficiency causes higher salt stress to the roots but less stress to the leaves of the seedlings. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis showed that opr7opr8 produced less H2O2 than WT in the leaves but more H2O2 in the roots under salt treatment, and correspondingly, ROS-scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) showed a similar variation, i.e., opr7opr8 has lower enzymatic activities in the shoots but higher activities in the roots than WT under salt treatment. For osmotic adjustment, opr7opr8 produced less proline in the shoots at 100 and 300 mM NaCl treatments but more in the roots than the WT roots under all salt treatments. In addition, the gene expression for abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis under salt stress was investigated. Results showed that the expression levels of four key enzymes of ABA biosynthesis, ZEP1, NCED5, AO1, and VP10, were significantly downregulated in the shoots as compared to WT under salt treatment. Putting all the data together, we concluded that JA-deficiency in maize seedlings reduced the salt-stress responses in the shoots but exaggerated the responses in the roots. In addition, endogenous JA acted as a positive regulator for the transportation of sodium ions from the roots to the shoots because the mutant opr7opr8 had a higher level of sodium in the roots but a significantly lower level in the shoots than WT. Furthermore, JA may act as a positive regulator for ABA biosynthesis in the leaves under salt stress.

Tobacco transcription factor bHLH123 improves salt tolerance by activating NADPH oxidase NtRbohE expression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Liu ◽  
Yang-Yang Li ◽  
Zhi-Cheng Zhou ◽  
Xiaohua Xiang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factor ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Respiratory Burst Oxidase

ABSTRACT In plants, reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced following the expression of the respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Rboh) gene are important regulators of stress responses. However, little is known about how plants acclimate to salt stress through the Rboh-derived ROS signaling pathway. Here, we showed that a 400-bp fragment of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) NtRbohE promoter played a critical role in the salt response. Using yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) screens, NtbHLH123, a bHLH transcription factor, was identified as an upstream partner of the NtRbohE promoter. These interactions were confirmed by Y1H, electrophoretic mobility assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Overexpression of NtbHLH123 resulted in greater resistance to salt stress, while NtbHLH123-silenced plants had reduced resistance to salt stress. We also found that NtbHLH123 positively regulates the expression of NtRbohE and ROS production soon after salt stress treatment. Moreover, knockout of NtRbohE in the 35S::NtbHLH123 background resulted in reduced expression of ROS-scavenging and salt stress-related genes and salt tolerance, suggesting that NtbHLH123-regulated salt tolerance is dependent on the NtbHLH123-NtRbohE signaling pathway. Our data show that NtbHLH123 is a positive regulator and acts as a molecular switch to control a Rboh-dependent mechanism in response to salt stress in plants.

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