scholarly journals Exogenous salicylic acid-triggered changes in the glutathione transferases and peroxidases are key factors in the successful salt stress acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edit Horváth ◽  
Szilvia Brunner ◽  
Krisztina Bela ◽  
Csaba Papdi ◽  
László Szabados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Stress Acclimation ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Sequential Treatments

Salicylic acid (SA) applied exogenously is a potential priming agent during abiotic stress. In our experiments, the priming effect of SA was tested by exposing Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants to 2-week-long 10−9–10−5 M SA pretreatments in a hydroponic medium, followed by 1 week of 100 mM NaCl stress. The levels of reactive oxygen species and H2O2, changes in antioxidant enzyme activity and the expression of selected glutathione transferase (GST) genes were investigated. Although 10−9–10−7 M SA pretreatment insufficiently induced defence mechanisms during the subsequent salt stress, 2-week pretreatments with 10−6 and 10−5 M SA alleviated the salinity-induced H2O2 and malondialdehyde accumulation, and increased superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, GST and glutathione peroxidase (GPOX) activity. Our results indicate that long-term 10−6 and 10−5 M SA treatment mitigated the salt stress injury in this model plant. Enhanced expression of AtGSTU19 and AtGSTU24 may be responsible for the induced GST and GPOX activity, which may play an important role in acclimation. Modified GST expression suggested altered signalling in SA-hardened plants during salt stress. The hydroponic system applied in our experiments proved to be a useful tool for studying the effects of sequential treatments in A. thaliana.

scholarly journals The enhancement of salt stress tolerance by salicylic acid pretreatment in Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
L.-L. YU ◽  
Y. LIU ◽  
F. ZHU ◽  
X.-X. GENG ◽  
Y. YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Acid Pretreatment

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical changes occurring in dwarf-cashew seedlings subjected to salt stress

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E.B. de Abreu ◽  
José T. Prisco ◽  
Ana R.C. Nogueira ◽  
Marlos A. Bezerra ◽  
Claudivan F. de Lacerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
2D Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Stress Acclimation ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Proline Concentration ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The effects of salt stress on some physiological and biochemical traits were evaluated in dwarf-cashew seedlings at the same developmental stage. Seeds were sown in trays containing vermiculite moistened with distilled water or with NaCl solutions having different electrical conductivities: 0.7, 1.8, 6.0, 9.8, 13.4, 17.4 and 20.6 dS m-1. Salinity delayed and inhibited seedling growth and development, particularly in the shoot. Concentrations of Na+ and Cl-, but not of K+, increased with increasing stress severity. With the exception of proline, concentration of organic solutes was only marginally affected by salt stress. Catalase activity in leaves increased slightly as a result of salt stress, whereas guaiacol peroxidase activity was induced only under low levels of salt. In contrast, activities of guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase increased dramatically in roots. Apparently, roots were better protected against oxidative damage than shoots, as judged from the decrease in lipid peroxidation in root tissues. In leaves, expression of 75 proteins, evaluated by 2D electrophoresis, was altered by salt stress: 35 of them increased their expression and three were apparently de novo synthesized. In roots, 69 proteins were modified by salt stress: 34 proteins increased their expression and two proteins appeared only in stressed seedlings. The changes in protein patterns were caused by the imposed salt stress rather than by a response to the developmental stage. Overall, these responses could play an important role in salt stress acclimation of cashew seedlings.

Lack of Salicylic Acid in Arabidopsis Protects Plants against Moderate Salt Stress

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Cao ◽  
Zhong-Wei Zhang ◽  
Li-Wei Xue ◽  
Jun-Bo Du ◽  
Jing Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Germination And Growth

Previous studies showed that salicylic acid (SA)-deficient transgenic Arabidopsis expressing the salicylate hydroxylase gene NahG had a higher tolerance to moderate salt stress. SA may potentiate the stress response of germination and growth of Arabidopsis seedlings by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the detailed mechanism for a better adaption of NahG plants to moderate salt stress is largely unknown. In the present study we found that a higher GSH/GSSG (glutathione/oxidized glutathione) ratio and ASA/DHA (ascorbic acid/dehydroascorbate) ratio in NahG plants during the stress may be the key reason for their stress-tolerance advantage. NahG plants actually could not produce more active antioxidant enzymes than the wild-type ones under natural conditions, but maintain higher activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) during the stress. Hereby, the reduced glutathione and reduced ascorbic acid contents are higher in NahG plants under salt stress. However, NahG plants do not adapt better under severe salt stress. All antioxidant enzyme activities, GSH/GSSG ratio and ASA/DHA ratio declined substantively at 400 mM NaCl stress in both NahG and wild-type seedlings.

scholarly journals Influence of salicylic acid on biochemical parameters and antioxidant system in mashbean plants grown under salt stress conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1786-1792
Author(s):  
Manpreet Kaur ◽  
Navita Ghai ◽  
Jagmeet Kaur ◽  
Inderjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Tolerant Genotype

Abiotic stress factors affect almost every aspect of physiology and biochemisrtry of a plant. The present study investigates the role of salicylic acid (SA) in inducing plant tolerance to salinity. The application of 0.5 mM and 1.0 mM SA to mashbean (Vigna mungo L.) plants provided protection against 30mM or 45mM NaCl stress throughelevated antioxidant system. The genotypes KUG 363, KUG 310, (salt sensitive), KUG 502 and KUG 529 (salt tolerant) along with UL 338 (as check) were subjected to salt stress. Relative leaf water content (61%) decreased under 45mM salt stress in salt tolerant genotype KUG 529 as compared to control (85%). Leaf water potential was also recorded at 50 DAS in salt tolerant genotype KUG 529 (-2.66 mpa) and in salt sensitive genotype KUG 363(-3.76 mpa) .All the genotypes showed higher accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species under salt stress. A remarkable decrease was shown in antioxidant enzymes like catalase (179 micro mole/min/g FW) and ascorbate peroxidase (1617 n moles/min/g FW) in KUG 529 . The level of antioxidant system was enhanced catalase (184 micro mole/min/g FW) and ascorbate peroxidase (1853 n moles/min/g FW) in mashbean plants under NaCl stress following SA applications . Thus SA helped in conferring stress tolerance to mashbean plants through enhanced antioxidant system. However, tolerant genotypes responded better than sensitive ones and lower concentration of SA (0.5mM) was more effective.

scholarly journals The Alleviation of the Adverse Effects of Salt Stress in the Tomato Plant by Salicylic Acid Shows A Time- and Organ-Specific Antioxidant Response

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Tari ◽  
Jolán Csiszár ◽  
Edit Horváth ◽  
Péter Poór ◽  
Zoltán Takács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Active Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Root Tissues

Abstract In the last decade contradictory results have been published as to whether exogenous salicylic acid (SA) can increase salt stress tolerance in cultivated plants by inducing an antioxidant response. Salt stress injury in tomato was mitigated only in cases when the plant was hardened with a high concentration of SA (~10−4 M), low concentrations were ineffective. An efficient accumulation of Na+ in older leaves is a well-known response to salt stress in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Rio fuego) but it remains largely unexplored whether young and old leaves or root tissues have a distinct antioxidant status during salt stress after hardening with 10−7 M or 10−4 M SA. The determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity revealed that the SA-induced transient increases in these enzyme activities in young leaf and/or root tissues did not correlate with the salt tolerance of plants. Salt stress resulted in a tenfold increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities of young leaves and significant increases in APX and glutathione reductase (GR) activities of the roots hardened with 10−4 M SA. Both total ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione pools reached their highest levels in leaves after 10−7 M SA pre-treatment. However, in contrast to the leaves, the total pool of AsA decreased in the roots under salt stress and thus, due to low APX activity, active oxygen species were scavenged by ascorbate non-enzymatically in these tissues. The increased GR activities in the roots after treatment with 10−4 M SA enabled plants to enhance the reduced glutathione (GSH) pool and maintain the redox status of AsA under high salinity, which led to increased salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Mitigation of NaCl Stress in Wheat by Rhizosphere Engineering Using Salt Habitat Adapted PGPR Halotolerant Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1034
Author(s):  
Souhila Kerbab ◽  
Allaoua Silini ◽  
Ali Chenari Bouket ◽  
Hafsa Cherif-Silini ◽  
Manal Eshelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

There is a great interest in mitigating soil salinity that limits plant growth and productivity. In this study, eighty-nine strains were isolated from the rhizosphere and endosphere of two halophyte species (Suaeda mollis and Salsola tetrandra) collected from three chotts in Algeria. They were screened for diverse plant growth-promoting traits, antifungal activity and tolerance to different physico-chemical conditions (pH, PEG, and NaCl) to evaluate their efficiency in mitigating salt stress and enhancing the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana and durum wheat under NaCl–stress conditions. Three bacterial strains BR5, OR15, and RB13 were finally selected and identified as Bacillus atropheus. The Bacterial strains (separately and combined) were then used for inoculating Arabidopsis thaliana and durum wheat during the seed germination stage under NaCl stress conditions. Results indicated that inoculation of both plant spp. with the bacterial strains separately or combined considerably improved the growth parameters. Three soils with different salinity levels (S1 = 0.48, S2 = 3.81, and S3 = 2.80 mS/cm) were used to investigate the effects of selected strains (BR5, OR15, and RB13; separately and combined) on several growth parameters of wheat plants. The inoculation (notably the multi-strain consortium) proved a better approach to increase the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents as compared to control plants. However, proline content, lipid peroxidation, and activities of antioxidant enzymes decreased after inoculation with the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that can attenuate the adverse effects of salt stress by reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These results indicated that under saline soil conditions, halotolerant PGPR strains are promising candidates as biofertilizers under salt stress conditions.

scholarly journals The Application of a Commercially Available Citrus-Based Extract Mitigates Moderate NaCl-Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1010
Author(s):  
Johannes Loubser ◽  
Paul Hills
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Stomatal Conductivity ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of BC204 as a plant biostimulant on Arabidopsis thaliana plants under normal and NaCl-stressed conditions. Methods: For this study, ex vitro and in vitro growth experiments were conducted to assess the effect of both NaCl and BC204 on basic physiological parameters such as biomass, chlorophyll, proline, malondialdehyde, stomatal conductivity, Fv/Fm and the expression of four NaCl-responsive genes. Results: This study provides preliminary evidence that BC204 mitigates salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. BC204 treatment increased chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weights, whilst reducing proline, anthocyanin and malondialdehyde content in the presence of 10 dS·m−1 electroconductivity (EC) salt stress. Stomatal conductivity was also reduced by BC204 and NaCl in source leaves. In addition, BC204 had a significant effect on the expression of salinity-related genes, stimulating the expression of salinity-related genes RD29A and SOS1 independently of NaCl-stress. Conclusions: BC204 stimulated plant growth under normal growth conditions by increasing above-ground shoot tissue and root and shoot growth in vitro. BC204 also increased chlorophyll content while reducing stomatal conductivity. BC204 furthermore mitigated moderate to severe salt stress (10–20 dS·m−1) in A. thaliana. Under salt stress conditions, BC204 reduced the levels of proline, anthocyanin and malondialdehyde. The exact mechanism by which this occurs is unknown, but the results in this study suggest that BC204 may act as a priming agent, stimulating the expression of genes such as SOS1 and RD29A.

scholarly journals Alleviation Of Nacl Stress In Summer Squash ‘Eskandrani’ By Foliar Application Of Salicylic Acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Wasfy Mohammed Elwan ◽  
Rewaa Salah Ahmed El-Shatoury
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Potassium Accumulation ◽  
Sodium Accumulation ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Negative Effect

AbstractThe experiment was performed to assess the possibility of overcoming NaCl salinity stress by foliar sprays of summer squash ‘Eskandrani’ with salicylic acid (SA) at the concentration of 10-6 M. NaCl treatment caused reduction of shoot fresh weight, leaf number per plant, fruit yield, concentrations of potassium in aerial parts, and the concentration of chlorophyll in leaves. Plants grown under salt stress conditions had higher shoot sodium concentrations than plants untreated with NaCl. Foliar application of SA ameliorated partly the negative effect of NaCl treatment. The beneficial effect of SA was also observed in non-stressed plants, increasing the shoot potassium accumulation and leaf photosynthetic pigments status, and decreasing sodium accumulation in shoots.

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