Photosynthetic characteristics and light energy conversions under different light environments in five tree species occupying dominant status at different stages of subtropical forest succession

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Tai-Jie Zhang ◽  
Wah Soon Chow ◽  
Xin Xie ◽  
Yuan-Jun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Successional Species

In order to reveal the mechanism of succession in subtropical forest along a light gradient, we investigated photosynthetic physiological responses to three light environments in five tree species including a pioneer species Pinus massoniana Lamb., two mid-successional species Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. and Castanopsis fissa (Champ. ex Benth.) Rehd. et Wils., and two late-successional species Cryptocarya concinna Hance. and Acmena acuminatissima (BI.) Merr et Perry) that were selected from Dinghu Mountain subtropical forest, South China. Results showed that, among the three kinds of species in all light conditions (100%, 30% and 12% of full sunlight), the pioneer species had the highest photosynthetic capacity (Amax), light saturation point (LSP), carboxylation efficiency (CE) and maximum utilisation rate of triose phosphate (TPU) that characterised a strong photosynthetic capacity and high carbon dioxide uptake efficiency. However, a higher light compensation point (LCP) and dark respiration (Rd) as well as lower apparent quantum yield (AQY) indicated that the pioneer specie cannot adapt to low light conditions. Mid-successional species had photosynthetic characteristics in between pioneer and late-successional species, but had the greatest effective quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII) and light use efficiency (LUE, expressed in terms of photosynthesis). In contrast to pioneer and mid-successional species, late-successional species had lower photosynthetic capacity and carbon uptake efficiency, but higher shade tolerance and high-light heat dissipation capacity, as characterised by higher levels of total xanthophyll cycle pigments (VAZ) and de-epoxidation state of xanthophyll cycle (DEPs). These results indicate that photosynthetic capacity decreases along the successional axis and that late-successional species have more responsive heat dissipation capability to compensate for their inferior photosynthetic capacity.

scholarly journals Diurnal and seasonal carbon balance of four tropical tree species differing in successional status

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM. Souza ◽  
RV. Ribeiro ◽  
AM. Sato ◽  
MS. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Tropical Tree ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Gross Photosynthesis ◽  
Tropical Tree Species ◽  
Successional Species

This study addressed some questions about how a suitable leaf carbon balance can be attained for different functional groups of tropical tree species under contrasting forest light environments. The study was carried out in a fragment of semi-deciduous seasonal forest in Narandiba county, São Paulo Estate, Brazil. 10-month-old seedlings of four tropical tree species, Bauhinia forficata Link (Caesalpinioideae) and Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Sterculiaceae) as light-demanding pioneer species, and Hymenaea courbaril L. (Caesalpinioideae) and Esenbeckia leiocarpa Engl. (Rutaceae) as late successional species, were grown under gap and understorey conditions. Diurnal courses of net photosynthesis (Pn) and transpiration were recorded with an open system portable infrared gas analyzer in two different seasons. Dark respiration and photorespiration were also evaluated in the same leaves used for Pn measurements after dark adaptation. Our results showed that diurnal-integrated dark respiration (Rdi) of late successional species were similar to pioneer species. On the other hand, photorespiration rates were often higher in pioneer than in late successional species in the gap. However, the relative contribution of these parameters to leaf carbon balance was similar in all species in both environmental conditions. Considering diurnal-integrated values, gross photosynthesis (Pgi) was dramatically higher in gap than in understorey, regardless of species. In both evaluated months, there were no differences among species of different functional groups under shade conditions. The same was observed in May (dry season) under gap conditions. In such light environment, pioneers were distinguished from late successional species in November (wet season), showing that ecophysiological performance can have a straightforward relation to seasonality.

scholarly journals Functional groups of forest succession as dissipative structures: an applied study

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (3b) ◽  
pp. 707-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Souza ◽  
R. V. Ribeiro ◽  
M. G. Santos ◽  
H. L. Ribeiro ◽  
R. F. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Dissipative Structures ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Practical Result ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Cariniana Legalis ◽  
Successional Species

This study tested the hypothesis that dissipative efficiency of tropical tree species could be an ecological advantage in the forest succession process. Daily leaf gas exchanges of a pioneer species (Guazuma ulmifolia) and a late successional species (Cariniana legalis) were evaluated under well-irrigated conditions and by withholding irrigation. Analyses of network connectance (Cg) and plant autonomy (At) were carried out in order to assess metabolic network changes in response to environmental perturbation. As a global estimation of latent heat dissipation, the capacity to both maintain and cool leaf temperature in response to air temperature changes (deltaT = TºCair - TºCleaf) was evaluated. The changes observed in both the systemic parameters (Cg and At) and the physiological ones brought about by water deficit, associated with discrepant growth rates between both species, suggested that the initial formation of gap canopies composed by pioneer species could simply be a result of the higher photosynthetic rates of these species, and not necessarily because late successional species cannot cope with such a heterogeneous environment as that of a gap. Our results indicate that, in the absence of water constraints, the highest CO2 assimilation rates of pioneer species are supported by the efficiency of the whole dissipative structure, involving both degradation and dissipative processes. As a practical result, our study suggests the deltaT analysis in order to evaluate the efficiency of dissipative structures and as a aid in characterizing functional groups.

Mycorrhizal response and successional status in 80 woody species from south Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Zangaro ◽  
S. M. A. Nisizaki ◽  
J. C. B. Domingos ◽  
E. M. Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Climax Species ◽  
Native Woody Species ◽  
Successional Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Response ◽  
South Brazil

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi colonization and response were studied in seedlings of 80 native woody species belonging to different successional groups from the Tibagi River Basin, Paraná State, south Brazil. This study includes data from 43 native woody species already published. The results with 80 species did not differ from the results of the 43 species. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in plastic bags filled with a mix of subsoil (85%) and sand (15%), inoculated or not with spores of native AM fungi obtained from rhizosphere soil of different native tree species in an area with natural vegetation dominated by woody pioneer species. The successional groups were represented by 16 pioneer, 20 early secondary, 29 late-secondary and 15 climax species. The AM response and colonization in the greenhouse were 5.9 and 4.2 times greater in the early successional species than in the late-successional species, respectively. Seedlings of 49 woody species were collected in the interior under the canopy of the tropical forest of the Mata dos Godoy State Park and in a cleared area dominated by woody pioneer species. The percentage of AM colonization in the field was 54.9, 40.4, 7.2 and 3.1 for the pioneer, early secondary, late-secondary and climax species, respectively. The response to AM inoculation was strongly and directly related to AM colonization in the greenhouse and field and inversely related to seed weight. The AM colonization in the greenhouse was strongly and directly related to AM colonization in field. The late-successional species showed lower AM colonization and response than early successional species. The accentuated mycotrophism of the early successional species may be involved in their establishment, growth, survival and early forest structuring on low-fertility soils.

scholarly journals Occurrence of neoxanthin and lutein epoxide cycle in parasitic Cuscuta species.

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Kruk ◽  
Renata Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
High Light ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Strong Light ◽  
Zeaxanthin Epoxidase ◽  
Typical Response ◽  
Cuscuta Species

In the present study, xanthophyll composition of eight parasitic Cuscuta species under different light conditions was investigated. Neoxanthin was not detected in four of the eight species examined, while in others it occurred at the level of several percent of total xanthophylls. In C. gronovii and C. lupuliformis it was additionally found that the neoxanthin content was considerably stimulated by strong light. In dark-adapted plants, lutein epoxide level amounted to 10-22% of total xanthophylls in only three species, the highest being for C. lupuliformis, while in others it was below 3%, indicating that the lutein epoxide cycle is limited to only certain Cuscuta species. The obtained data also indicate that the presence of the lutein epoxide cycle and of neoxanthin is independent and variable among the Cuscuta species. The xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin were identified in all the examined species and occurred at the level found in other higher plants. The xanthophyll and lutein epoxide cycle pigments showed typical response to high light stress. The obtained results also suggest that the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme.

scholarly journals MORFOLOGIA DE DIÁSPOROS E PLÂNTULAS DE ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS DA FLORESTA COM ARAUCÁRIA, NO SUL DO BRASIL

FLORESTA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Mara Gogosz ◽  
Maria Regina Torres Boerger ◽  
Nelson Luiz Cosmo ◽  
Antônio Carlos Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Functional Ecology ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Araucaria Forest ◽  
Secondary Species ◽  
Ombrophilous Forest

Neste estudo foram caracterizados morfologicamente frutos, sementes e plântulas de espécies da Floresta com Araucária (Floresta Ombrófila Mista), visando entender as estratégias de estabelecimento de diferentes grupos ecológicos. Frutos de 18 espécies arbóreas foram coletados na região de Curitiba, Paraná. As sementes foram semeadas em vermiculita e mantidas em laboratório, até a fase de plântula. Nas espécies pioneiras predominam frutos secos, deiscentes, sementes exalbuminosas, pequenas, com estruturas que favorecem a dispersão anemocórica e plântulas com cotilédones finos, foliáceos com tricomas. Nas secundárias tardias os frutos são carnosos com dispersão zoocórica, as sementes são albuminosas e as plântulas possuem cotilédones crassos, foliáceos, e, em alguns casos, também com função de reserva. Nas secundárias iniciais, as características são variáveis. A caracterização morfológica realizada dá subsídio, no contexto da ecologia funcional, à interpretação das diferentes estratégias de estabelecimento das espécies.AbstractMorphology of diaspore and seedling of tree species of the Araucaria forest (Subtropical Ombrophilous Forest) in southern Brazil. This study characterized morphologically the fruits, seeds and seedlings of species of Araucaria Forest, aiming to understand the strategies of establishing different successional groups. Therefore, fruits of 18 tree species were collected in Curitiba, Paraná. Then the seeds were sown in vermiculite and remained in the laboratory until the seedling stage. The pioneer species have predominantly dehiscent dry fruits, unalbuminous seeds, small structures that favor anemochoric dispersal and seedlings with thin cotyledons, foliaceous with trichomes. In late secondary species the fruits are fleshy with zoochorous dispersal, seeds are albuminous and seedlings present fleshy cotyledons, foliaceous, and in some cases also reserve function. In the early secondary species, the characteristics are variable. Morphological characterization allows the interpretation of functional ecology, the different strategies of establishment of species.Keywords: Succession groups; establishment; functional morphology; Mixed Ombrophilous Forest.

scholarly journals Towards Conservation of Genetic Variation of Tropical Tree Species With Differing Successional Status: The Case of Mansonia altissima A. Chev and Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 194008291986426
Author(s):  
Akin Akinnagbe ◽  
Oliver Gailing ◽  
Reiner Finkeldey ◽  
Amadu Lawal
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Successional Status

Two important West African timber tree species with differing successional status, Mansonia altissima A. Chev and Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum were investigated in this study. Triplochiton scleroxylon is a pioneer species found in open forests, whereas Mansonia altissima is a nonpioneer light-demanding tree species occurring in closed forests. Amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were used to compare the genetic diversities of these two timber species in stands with different degrees of human impact (isolated forest patch, logged forest, farmland, plantation, and primary forest). Contrasting effects of human impact on genetic diversity were detected for these two timber species. The results suggested severe effects of human impact on the genetic diversity of Mansonia altissima, a nonpioneer species. However, no adverse effect was recorded in Triplochiton scleroxylon, a pioneer species. These findings indicate that nonpioneer tree species could be more prone to genetic erosion than pioneer tree species as a result of adverse human impacts. Therefore, conservation of genetic diversity in both pioneer and nonpioneer tree species populations would likely necessitate different measures.

scholarly journals Root Traits and Biomechanical Properties of Three Tropical Pioneer Tree Species for Forest Restoration in Landslide Areas

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee ◽  
Chu ◽  
Lin ◽  
Kung ◽  
Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Root Tensile Strength ◽  
Pioneer Tree ◽  
Macaranga Tanarius

Frequent earthquakes, monsoon torrential rains and typhoons cause severe landslides and soil erosion in Taiwan. Hibiscus taiwanensis, Macaranga tanarius, and Mallotus paniculatus are major pioneer tree species appearing on landslide-scarred areas. Thus, these species can be used to restore the self-sustaining native vegetation on forest landslides, to control erosion, and to stabilize slope. However, their growth performance, root traits and biomechanical properties have not been well characterized. In this study, root system and root traits were investigated using the excavation method, and biomechanical tests were performed to determine the uprooting resistance, root tensile strength and Young’s modulus of 1-year-old Hibiscus taiwanensis, Macaranga tanarius, and Mallotus paniculatus seedlings. The results reveal that relative to H. taiwanensis, M. tanarius and M. paniculatus seedlings had significantly larger root collar diameter, longer taproot length, higher root biomass, higher root density, higher root length density, heavier root mass, larger external root surface area, higher root tissue density, larger root volume, longer total root length, and a higher root tip number. Additionally, the height of M. paniculatus seedlings was significantly higher than those of H. taiwanensis and M. tanarius. Furthermore, the uprooting resistance and root tensile strength of M. paniculatus seedlings was significantly higher than those of H. taiwanensis and M. tanarius. Young’s modulus of M. paniculatus and M. tanarius seedlings was also significantly higher than that of H. taiwanensis. These growth characteristics and biomechanical properties demonstrate M. paniculatus and M. tanarius are superior than H. taiwanensis, considering growth performance, root anchorage capability, tensile strength and Young’s modulus. Taken as a whole, the rank order for species selection of these pioneer species for reforestation comes as: M. paniculatus M. tanarius H. taiwanensis. These results, along with knowledge on vegetation dynamics following landslides, allow us to better evaluate the effect of selective removal management of pioneer species on the resilience and sustainability of landslides.

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