Plant growth co-ordination in natura: a unique temperature-controlled law among vegetative and reproductive organs in mango

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaëlle Dambreville ◽  
Frédéric Normand ◽  
Pierre-Éric Lauri
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Growth Unit ◽  
Mango Tree ◽  
Temperature Controlled ◽  
The Impact

The impact of temperature on plant growth is usually studied on the leaves of annuals. We studied in natura the effect of temperature on the growth of three plant organs: the growth unit (GU) axis; its attached leaves, considering their position along the axis; and the inflorescence axis. Mango tree was chosen as plant model. Organ growth was measured at different seasons and elevations, permitting a range of temperatures overlapping the optimal range for mango growth. Four growth parameters were investigated: the final organ size, the duration of growth, the maximal absolute growth rate (AGRmax) and the relative growth rate at the time of AGRmax (RGRip). Temporal growth dependencies were found between the axis and its leaves, regardless of their positions. Size dependencies were revealed only between the GU axis and its proximal leaf. Strong effects of temperature on duration of growth and on RGRip were observed regardless of the organ studied. A common allometric coefficient linked duration of growth and RGRip of all organs although the intercepts for axes and leaves were different. These relationships strongly suggested that regardless of the physiological mechanisms subtending the growth dynamics, e.g. auto- vs heterotrophy, a common temperature-controlled allometric constraint is probably underlying the growth of all these organs in mango.

Resistance in Mungbean Against Meloidogyne incognita and its Impact on Nodulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narpinderjeet Kaur Dhillon ◽  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Sukhjeet Kaur ◽  
Anupam Anupam ◽  
Asmita Srari
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Kharif Season ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Mungbean is an economically as well as nutritionally enriched crop. Of the different soil borne pathogens attacking mungbean, root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is an important pathogen affecting growth and production of mungbean. It is grown in summer as well as in kharif season. The germplasm of mungbean of two seasons’ viz., summer and kharif was screened to identify new sources of resistance against root knot nematode, M. incognita. In addition to screening; studies were also conducted on the impact of root knot nematode infestation in roots on nodulation character of mungbean and growth parameters. Of the sixty three genotypes evaluated in summer, seven were found to be moderately resistant. In kharif season, only three genotypes were found to be moderately resistant. M. incognita infestation was also observed to affect the plant growth parameters as well as nodulation on roots of mungbean genotypes. Comparatively, better plant growth and higher nodulation was observed in moderately resistant genotypes as compared to the susceptible ones. The ten identified moderately resistant genotypes from two seasons can be a useful source in breeding programmes for developing cultivars to manage root knot nematode.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature, salinity and growth rate on the stable hydrogen isotopic composition of long chain alkenones produced by <I>Emiliania huxleyi</I> and <I>Gephyrocapsa oceanica</I>

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schouten ◽  
J. Ossebaar ◽  
K. Schreiber ◽  
M. V. M. Kienhuis ◽  
G. Langer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Fractionation Factor ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydrogen Isotopic Composition ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Gephyrocapsa Oceanica

Abstract. Two haptophyte algae, Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica, were cultured at different temperatures and salinities to investigate the impact of these factors on the hydrogen isotopic composition of long chain alkenones synthesized by these algae. Results showed that alkenones synthesized by G. oceanica were on average depleted in D by 30 compared to those of E. huxleyi when grown under similar temperature and salinity conditions. The fractionation factor, αalkenones-H2O, ranged from 0.760 to 0.815 for E. huxleyi and from 0.741 to 0.788 for G. oceanica. There was no significant correlation of αalkenones-H2O with temperature but a positive linear correlation was observed between αalkenones-H2O and salinity with ~3 change in fractionation per salinity unit and a negative correlation between αalkenones-H2O and growth rate. This suggests that both salinity and growth rate can have a substantial impact on the stable hydrogen isotopic composition of long chain alkenones in natural environments.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature and water activity on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (Special Issue 2) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Medveďová ◽  
Ľ. Valík ◽  
A. Studeničová
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Growth Responses

The growth responses of Staphylococcus aureus 2064 as affected by water activity and incubation temperature were studied in two different laboratory media. Growth parameters at temperatures from 7 to 51&deg;C and a<sub>w</sub> in the range from 1.0 to 0.86 were fitted using Ratkowsky models. The effect of temperature within its whole range on the specific growth rate was modelled by the extended model under the following equation: &radic;&micro; = 0.0456 (T &ndash; T<sub>min</sub>) [1 &ndash; e<sup>0.447(T &ndash; T<sub>max</sub>)</sup>]. The water activity values of tested media were adjusted by sodium chloride in the range from a<sub>w</sub> = 1.0 to 0.86 and experiments were conducted at 15 and 18&deg;C. The growth responses of S. aureus on water activity at 15&deg;C and 18&deg;C in PCA broth and BHI broth was described by simplified Ratkowsky model in the form: &radic;&micro; = b &times; a<sub>w</sub>. Validation of the found relationships confirmed sound fitting of the data and thus the referred results of the isolate originated from ewes&rsquo; cheese can be used in the growth prediction of S. aureus, reliably.

Impact of the Growth Parameters on the Structural Properties of Si0.8Ge0.2 Virtual Substrates

2005 ◽  
Vol 108-109 ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Bogumilowicz ◽  
J.M. Hartmann ◽  
F. Laugier ◽  
G. Rolland ◽  
Thierry Billon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Strain Relaxation ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Root Mean Square Roughness ◽  
Threading Dislocation ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Threading Dislocation Density ◽  
The Impact

We have focused in this paper on the impact of the growth rate and of the grading rate on the structural properties of Si0.8Ge0.2 virtual substrates grown at 900°C in a commercial reduced pressure chemical vapour deposition reactor. Adopting a grading rate of 4% Ge / $m together with a growth rate around 140 nm min.-1 yields very high quality Si0.8Ge0.2 virtual substrates. Their macroscopic degree of strain relaxation is indeed very close to 100%, their surface root mean square roughness is around 2.3 nm and most importantly their field threading dislocation density is of the order of 6x104 cm-2 only, with almost no pile-ups.

scholarly journals Rethinking root-shoot growth dynamics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Adaptive Allocation ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Rates Of Growth

AbstractUsing a simple plant growth model based on the logistic equation I re-evaluate how biomass allocation between roots and shoots articulates dynamically with the rate of whole-plant biomass production. Defined by parameters reflecting lumped physiological properties, the model constrains roots and shoots to grow sigmoidally over time. From those temporal patterns detailed trajectories of allocation and growth rate are reconstructed. Sigmoid growth trajectories of roots and shoots are incompatible with the dominant ‘functional equilibrium’ model of adaptive allocation and growth often used to explain plants’ responses to nutrient shortage and defoliation. Anything that changes the differential rates of growth between roots and shoots will automatically change allocation and, unavoidably, change whole-plant growth rate. Biomass allocation and whole-plant growth rate are not independent traits. Allocation and growth rate have no unique relationship to one another but can vary across a wide spectrum of possible relationships. When root-shoot allocation seems to respond to the environment it is likely to be a secondary illusory consequence of other primary responses such as localised root proliferation in soil or leaf expansion within canopy gaps. Changes in root-shoot allocation cannot themselves compensate directly for an impairment of growth rate caused by an external factor such as nutrient shortage or defoliation; therefore, such changes cannot be ‘adaptive’.‘The reasons are so simple they often escape notice.’ (James 2012, p. 6).

scholarly journals Assessing plant performance in the Enviratron

Plant Methods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Bao ◽  
Scott Zarecor ◽  
Dylan Shah ◽  
Taylor Tuel ◽  
Darwin A. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Robotic Arm ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Assessing the impact of the environment on plant performance requires growing plants under controlled environmental conditions. Plant phenotypes are a product of genotype × environment (G × E), and the Enviratron at Iowa State University is a facility for testing under controlled conditions the effects of the environment on plant growth and development. Crop plants (including maize) can be grown to maturity in the Enviratron, and the performance of plants under different environmental conditions can be monitored 24 h per day, 7 days per week throughout the growth cycle. Results The Enviratron is an array of custom-designed plant growth chambers that simulate different environmental conditions coupled with precise sensor-based phenotypic measurements carried out by a robotic rover. The rover has workflow instructions to periodically visit plants growing in the different chambers where it measures various growth and physiological parameters. The rover consists of an unmanned ground vehicle, an industrial robotic arm and an array of sensors including RGB, visible and near infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral, thermal, and time-of-flight (ToF) cameras, laser profilometer and pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometer. The sensors are autonomously positioned for detecting leaves in the plant canopy, collecting various physiological measurements based on computer vision algorithms and planning motion via “eye-in-hand” movement control of the robotic arm. In particular, the automated leaf probing function that allows the precise placement of sensor probes on leaf surfaces presents a unique advantage of the Enviratron system over other types of plant phenotyping systems. Conclusions The Enviratron offers a new level of control over plant growth parameters and optimizes positioning and timing of sensor-based phenotypic measurements. Plant phenotypes in the Enviratron are measured in situ—in that the rover takes sensors to the plants rather than moving plants to the sensors.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Ambient Ozone on Growth and Yield of Crop at Rampur, Chitwan

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kharel ◽  
L. P. Amgain
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Ozone Level ◽  
Ambient Ozone ◽  
Agriculture And Environment ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crop Maturity

An experiment was conducted at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during March-July 2008 to explore the impact of ambient ozone on crop growth and yield. Mungbean cultivar "Pratikshya" was used as a test crop for the study. Mungbean plants were planted in 40 pots and 50% of the plants (i.e. plants in 20 pots) were treated with ethylenediurea (EDU) from 13 DAS to crop maturity at 10 days intervals. The ambient ozone level of the site was measured with passive samplers. The ozone level ranged from 29.3 to 39.1 ppb at the experimentation site during the cropping period. It was found that the ambient ozone at the site caused significant effects on plant growth and yield. The observed ambient ozone was found to reduce the growth parameters like plant height, per plant number of leaves, and number of branches by 10%, 27.74%, and 10.88%, respectively at 70 DAS while it reduced per plant number of seeds (13.17%), seed dry weights (19.67%), test weight (g/1000 seeds), (10.28%), total above-ground biomass (16.60%), harvest index (6.25%), and shelling percentage (5.07%) of controlled over EDU treated plants (ozone protected). The study clearly indicated that ambient ozone contributes to lower plant growth and crop yield.Key words: Ambient ozone; Ethylenediurea (EDU); Passive samplerThe Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 11, 2010Page: 40-45Uploaded Date: 15 Septembre, 2010

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Biologically Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles as Source of Nutrient on the Growth of Zea mays L.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumera Sabir ◽  
Muhammad Asif Zahoor ◽  
Muhammad waseem ◽  
Muhammad Hussnain Siddique ◽  
Muhammad Shafique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Alternate Source ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Nano-fertilizer(s), an emerging field of agriculture, is alternate option for enhancement of plant growth replacing the synthetic fertilizers. For example, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) can be used as the zinc source for plants. The present investigation was carried out to assess the role of ZnO NPs in growth promotion of maize plants. ZnO NPs were synthesized using Bacillus sp ., which were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The different concentrations of ZnO NPs ( i . e . 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16 mg/L) for growth enhancement of maize ( Zea mays L.) were explored in pot culture experiment. It was observed that size of ZnO NPs ranged between 16 and 20 nm. A significant increase in growth parameters like shoot length (61.7 %), root length (56.9 %) and significantly higher level of protein was observed in the treated plants as compared to control The overall pattern for growth biomarkers including the protein contents was maximum at 8mg/L of ZnO NPs. It was observed that application of biologically synthesized ZnO NPs has improved majority of growth biomarkers including plant growth parameters, protein contents and leaf area. All these parameters were positively influenced by ZnO NPs. Therefore, biosynthesized ZnO NPs could be considered as an alternate source of nutrient in Zn deficient soils for promoting the modern agriculture.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE DE CRESCIMENTO DO MILHO SAFRINHA EM DIFERENTES ÉPOCAS DE APLICAÇÃO DE ZINCO

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Flávio Henrique Ferreira Gomes ◽  
Fernando Nobre Cunha ◽  
Luiz Cesar Lopes Filho ◽  
Frederico Antonio Loureiro Soares ◽  
Marconi Batista Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Physiological Indexes ◽  
Culture Growth

O método de análise de crescimento de plantas é utilizado na avaliação de seu comportamento quando submetidas a práticas agronômicas. Os valores do intervalo de tempo e biomassa permitem a realização de estimativas relacionado ao crescimento de plantas.  Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a influência das épocas de aplicação de zinco para os índices fisiológicos na cultura do milho safrinha. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso em esquema de parcelas subdividas 4x5, com quatro repetições, as parcelas foram compostas por quatro épocas de aplicações (36, 43, 50 e 57 dias após o plantio) e as subparcelas 5 épocas de avaliações (60, 75, 90, 105 e 120 dias após o plantio). Os parâmetros da análise de crescimento analisados foram taxa de crescimento da cultura (TCC), taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR), razão de massa foliar (RMF) e taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA). Para a cultura do milho, a interação entre os fatores Épocas de Aplicação e Épocas de Avaliação (EAp x EAv) foi significativa para todas variáveis analisadas. As épocas de aplicação aos 36 e 43 dias após o plantio, obtiveram os melhores parâmetros de crescimento para cultura do milho safrinha.Palavras-chave: índices fisiológicos, épocas de avaliação, comportamento, massa da matéria seca. OFF-SEASON MAIZE GROWTH ANALYSIS IN DIFFERENT PERIODS OF ZINC APPLICATION ABSTRACT: The plant growth analysis method is used in evaluating its behavior when subjected to agronomic practices. The values of the time interval and biomass allow the realization of estimates related to plant growth. In this work, we aimed at evaluating the influence of zinc-applying periods for physiological indices in the culture of off-season maize. The experimental design used was random blocks in plots subdivided in 4x5, with four replications, the plots were composed by four periods of applications (36, 43, 50 and 57 days after planting) and subplots by 5 evaluations periods (60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 days after planting). The analyzed growth analysis parameters were culture growth rate (TCC), relative growth rate (TCR), leaf mass ratio (RMF) and absolute growth rate (TCA). For maize culture, the interaction between factors four periods of applications and evaluations periods (EAp x EAv) was significant for all variables analyzed. The periods of application at 36 and 43 days after planting, obtained the best growth parameters for the crop of off-season maize.Keywords: physiological indexes, periods of evaluation, behavior, mass of dry matter.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document