scholarly journals Root responses to neighbouring plants in common bean are mediated by nutrient concentration rather than self/non-self recognition

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Nord ◽  
Chaochun Zhang ◽  
Jonathan P. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Horizontal Distribution ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Belowground Competition ◽  
Nylon Mesh ◽  
Root Responses

Plants are reported to over-proliferate roots in response to belowground competition, thereby reducing reproductive biomass. This has been cited as an instance of the ‘tragedy of the commons’. Many of the studies that report this response suggest that plants can sense neighbours and discriminate between ‘self’ and ‘non-self’ roots. To test the alternate hypothesis that root responses to a neighbouring plant are mediated by resource depletion, common bean plants were supplied with the same phosphorus (P) fertiliser dose in varying rooting volumes, or with neighbouring plants separated by plastic film, nylon mesh, or no barrier to vary access to a neighbour. Phosphorus concentration, but not the presence of a neighbour or rooting volume, strongly influenced biomass allocation to roots. Root architecture was significantly altered by both neighbours and P availability. When exposed to the roots of a neighbour, plants altered the vertical and horizontal distribution of roots, placing fewer roots in soil domains occupied by roots of a neighbour. These results support the hypothesis that root responses to neighbouring plants are mediated by resource depletion by the neighbour rather than sensing of ‘non-self’ roots and show that the presence of a neighbour may affect root architecture without affecting biomass allocation to roots.

Gradients of pH, ammonium, and phosphorus between the fertiliser band and wheat roots

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xike Zhang ◽  
Zdenko Rengel
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Ammonia Toxicity ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Nylon Mesh ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Fertiliser Use

Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) band application generally improves phosphorus (P) fertiliser use efficiency but can cause ammonia toxicity to plants. We used specially constructed pots to study P and ammonium (NH4+) gradients between the DAP band and plant roots grown in 2 soils. The pots were with or without a 30-mm nylon mesh between the roots and the fertiliser band, and had a movable side to enable sampling of soil layers at various distances from the fertiliser band and/or plant roots. After 28 days, ammonia toxicity symptoms occurred in plants grown in Lancelin soil in both mesh and no-mesh pots with the band placed 1 cm from the seed. Smaller root and shoot dry weights and a shorter root length were measured in both soils in no-mesh pots when the banding distance from the seed was 1 cm compared with 2.5 cm. In contrast, no differences in root and shoot dry weight occurred when direct contact between the roots and the fertiliser band was prevented in mesh pots; however, roots were shorter in mesh pots when fertiliser was banded 1 cm, compared with 2.5 cm, from the seed. The highest values for pH, NH4+ concentration, and bicarbonate-extractable P level occurred 4–5 cm from the seed in mesh pots, and in the layer between the fertiliser band and the seed in no-mesh pots. Phosphorus concentration in shoots was greater when plants were grown in Lancelin than in New Norcia soil, and when grown in no-mesh compared with mesh pots. In conclusion, large gradients of pH, ammonium, and bicarbonate-extractable P existed around plant roots when DAP and ammonium sulfate were banded in the vicinity of the seed. The frequently employed practice of growing plants in mesh pots to characterise nutrient gradients in soil close to roots, including the rhizosphere soil, results in plants with altered growth and nutrient accumulation characteristics in comparison to plants with no physical restriction for root growth within the pot.

Quantitative Trait Loci for Root Architecture Traits Correlated with Phosphorus Acquisition in Common Bean

Crop Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 413-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Beebe ◽  
Marcela Rojas‐Pierce ◽  
Xiaolong Yan ◽  
Matthew W. Blair ◽  
Fabio Pedraza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Phosphorus Acquisition ◽  
Trait Loci

scholarly journals Evaluation of common bean genotypes for phosphorus use efficiency in Eutrophic Oxisol

Bragantia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiana Alves da Silva ◽  
Jose Antonio de Fatima Esteves ◽  
João Guilherme Ribeiro Gonçalves ◽  
Cleber Vinícius Giaretta Azevedo ◽  
Tamires Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Application ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Common bean is one of the most important legumes in Latin America, mostly grown in soils with low phosphorus (P) availability. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the responses of 20 bean genotypes to P deficiency. The experiment was a completely randomized design in a 2 × 20 factorial arrangement; the first factor consisted of P levels and the second factor, of 20 bean genotypes, with six replications. The substrate was a Red Eutrophic Oxisol with low P content. For application of the P treatments, it was applied simple superphosphate, consisting of two levels: restrictive and control, with the application of 45 and 90 kg∙ha–1 of P2O5, respectively. At 28 days, we observed the first symptoms of nutrient deficiency, with the decrease in the relative chlorophyll index in the restrictive level treatment. In addition, the treatments were effective in differentiating effects of both factors levels of P and genotypes for most traits evaluated relative to shoot, root and grain yield. It was possible to classify the genotypes in relation to use efficiency and responsiveness to P application, according to their average yield performances. Seven genotypes presented better performances for both P levels, being classified as Efficient and Responsive: G 2333, IAC Carioca Tybatã, IAPAR 81, IAC Imperador, IAC Formoso, BRS Esplendor and IPR Tangará; the first four genotypes were also classified as Efficient and Responsive under hydroponic conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of increased N and P availability on biomass allocation and root carbohydrate reserves differ between N-fixing and non-N-fixing savanna tree seedlings

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varan Varma ◽  
Arockia M Catherin ◽  
Mahesh Sankaran
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Plant Functional Groups ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Nutrient Deposition ◽  
Allocation Patterns

AbstractIn mixed tree-grass ecosystems, tree recruitment is limited by demographic bottlenecks to seedling establishment arising from inter- and intra-life form competition, and disturbances such as fire. Enhanced nutrient availability resulting from anthropogenic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition can alter the nature of these bottlenecks by changing seedling growth and biomass allocation patterns, and lead to longer-term shifts in tree community composition if different plant functional groups respond differently to increased nutrient availability. However, the extent to which tree functional types characteristic of savannas differ in their responses to increased N and P availability remains unclear. We quantified differences in above- and belowground biomass, and root carbohydrate contents – parameters known to influence the ability of plants to compete, as well as survive and recover from fires – in seedlings of multiple N-fixing and non-N-fixing tree species characteristic of Indian savanna and dry-forest ecosystems to experimental N and P additions. N-fixers in our study were co-limited by N and P availability, while non-N-fixers were N limited. Although both functional groups increased biomass production following fertilisation, non-N-fixers were more responsive and showed greater relative increases in biomass with fertilisation than N-fixers. N-fixers had greater baseline investment in belowground resources and root carbohydrate stocks, and while fertilisation reduced root:shoot ratios in both functional groups, root carbohydrate content only reduced with fertilisation in non-N-fixers. Our results indicate that, even within a given system, plants belonging to different functional groups can be limited by, and respond differentially to, different nutrients, suggesting that long-term consequences of nutrient deposition are likely to vary across savannas contingent on the relative amounts of N and P being deposited in sites.

The role of belowground competition and plastic biomass allocation in altering plant mass-density relationships

Oikos ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Lin ◽  
Franka Huth ◽  
Uta Berger ◽  
Volker Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Belowground Competition

14 C‐Partitioning and biomass allocation in common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under different moisture levels during pod filling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Cecilia Morales‐Elias ◽  
Eleazar Martínez‐Barajas ◽  
Lilia A. Bernal‐Gracida ◽  
Antonio García‐Esteva ◽  
Cecilia B. Peña‐Valdivia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
C Partitioning

Anatomical root responses of rice to combined phosphorus and water stress – relations to tolerance and breeding opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieterjan De Bauw ◽  
Elke Vandamme ◽  
Allen Lupembe ◽  
Leah Mwakasege ◽  
Kalimuthu Senthilkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Root Responses

Drought and low P availability are major limitations for rainfed rice (Oryza spp.) production. Root anatomy plays a key role in resource acquisition and tolerance to P and water limitations. Root anatomical responses of three contrasting rice varieties to combinations of different levels of P (deficient to non-limiting) and water availability (water stress to submergence) were evaluated in two pot trials. P availability was the dominant growth-limiting factor, but anatomical root responses to water availability were more prominent than responses to P availability. Cortical cell file number and number of xylem vessels decreased as a response to water stress, but stele and xylem diameter increased. Low P availability induced thinner xylem vessels and a thinner stele. Drought tolerance related to an overall thicker root stele, thicker xylem vessels and a larger water conductance. Some root traits were observed to be more responsive to water and P availability, whereas other traits were more robust to these environmental factors but highly determined by variety. The observed genotypic variation in root anatomy provides opportunities for trait-based breeding. The plasticity of several traits to multiple environmental factors highlights the need for strategic trait selection or breeding adapted to specific target environments.

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