Ecological implications of organic carbon dynamics in the traps of aquatic carnivorous Utricularia plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmara Sirová ◽  
Jakub Borovec ◽  
Tomáš Picek ◽  
Lubomír Adamec ◽  
Linda Nedbalová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Complex Microbial Community

Rootless aquatic carnivorous Utricularia exude up to 25% of their photosynthates into the trap lumen, which also harbours a complex microbial community thought to play a role in enhancing Utricularia nutrient acquisition. We investigated the composition of organic carbon in the trap fluid, its availability for microbial uptake, the influence of plant nutrient status and trap age on its biodegradability, and the composition of prokaryotic assemblages within the traps of three aquatic Utricularia species. Using ion chromatography and basal respiration rate measurements we confirmed that up to 30% of total dissolved organic carbon in Utricularia trap fluid in oligotrophic conditions was easily biodegradable compounds commonly found in plant root exudates (mainly glucose, fructose and lactate). The proportion of these compounds and their microbial utilisation decreased with increasing mineral nutrient supply and trap age. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation analyses showed that microbial trap assemblages are dominated by alpha and beta Proteobacteria, and that the assemblage composition is affected by changes in the ambient mineral nutrient supply. We suggest that organic carbon dynamics within the traps, involving both the plant and associated microbial assemblages, underlies the acquisition of key nutrients by Utricularia and may help explain the evolutionary success of the genus.

scholarly journals Arbuscular cotton-associated mycorrhizal fungi in Yeola region of Maharashtra, India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUDAM W PATALE
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Root Colonisation ◽  
Fungal Propagules

Mycorrhizae are a mutual symbiotic link between the plant root and a fungus that colonizes the cortical tissue of the roots during active plant growth periods. Both the host plant and the fungus have the potential to benefit.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in cotton crops with AM fungal population density in rhizosphere soils, investigate the qualitative composition of AM fungal species and the percentage of root colonization. The results showed that the number of AM fungal propagules collected from different locations in cotton crops ranged from 235 to 1580 spores per 100 g of soil. The distribution of spores, density and composition of AM fungi are observed to be influenced by environmental and physicochemical factors. The AM spore number, root colonization percentage and distribution vary depending on the seasonal fluctuations in moisture, temperature, pH and soil mineral nutrient status such as OC, P2O5, K2O, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, etc. The obtained data shows that nitrogen-deficient soils had more AM fungal propagules. The soils with a high concentration of phosphorus and potassium had the least AM fungal spores. Depleted zinc, copper and manganese levels have also been positive for more fungal occurrence and distribution. The presence of high iron levels in the soil, however, encourages more AM spores and a percentage of root colonisation.

scholarly journals Rapid Multi-Hybridisation FISH Screening for Balanced Porcine Reciprocal Translocations Suggests a Much Higher Abnormality Rate Than Previously Appreciated

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Rebecca E O’Connor ◽  
Lucas G Kiazim ◽  
Claudia C Rathje ◽  
Rebecca L Jennings ◽  
Darren K Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Semen Analysis ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Chromosome Translocations ◽  
Farrowing Rate ◽  
Significant Economic Loss

With demand rising, pigs are the world’s leading source of meat protein; however significant economic loss and environmental damage can be incurred if boars used for artificial insemination (AI) are hypoprolific (sub-fertile). Growing evidence suggests that semen analysis is an unreliable tool for diagnosing hypoprolificacy, with litter size and farrowing rate being more applicable. Once such data are available, however, any affected boar will have been in service for some time, with significant financial and environmental losses incurred. Reciprocal translocations (RTs) are the leading cause of porcine hypoprolificacy, reportedly present in 0.47% of AI boars. Traditional standard karyotyping, however, relies on animal specific expertise and does not detect more subtle (cryptic) translocations. Previously, we reported development of a multiple hybridisation fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) strategy; here, we report on its use in 1641 AI boars. A total of 15 different RTs were identified in 69 boars, with four further animals XX/XY chimeric. Therefore, 4.5% had a chromosome abnormality (4.2% with an RT), a 0.88% incidence. Revisiting cases with both karyotype and FISH information, we reanalysed captured images, asking whether the translocation was detectable by karyotyping alone. The results suggest that chromosome translocations in boars may be significantly under-reported, thereby highlighting the need for pre-emptive screening by this method before a boar enters a breeding programme.

scholarly journals Connecting structure to function with the recovery of over 1000 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes from activated sludge using long-read sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin M. Singleton ◽  
Francesca Petriglieri ◽  
Jannie M. Kristensen ◽  
Rasmus H. Kirkegaard ◽  
Thomas Y. Michaelsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Long Read

AbstractMicroorganisms play crucial roles in water recycling, pollution removal and resource recovery in the wastewater industry. The structure of these microbial communities is increasingly understood based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data. However, such data cannot be linked to functional potential in the absence of high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) for nearly all species. Here, we use long-read and short-read sequencing to recover 1083 high-quality MAGs, including 57 closed circular genomes, from 23 Danish full-scale wastewater treatment plants. The MAGs account for ~30% of the community based on relative abundance, and meet the stringent MIMAG high-quality draft requirements including full-length rRNA genes. We use the information provided by these MAGs in combination with >13 years of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data, as well as Raman microspectroscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridisation, to uncover abundant undescribed lineages belonging to important functional groups.

scholarly journals Stover management modifies soil organic carbon dynamics in the short-term under semiarid continuous maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 105143
Author(s):  
Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes ◽  
Samuel Franco-Luesma ◽  
Victoria Lafuente ◽  
Pablo Sen ◽  
Asun Usón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Continuous Maize ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics

Effects of the diploidisation process upon the 5S and 35S rDNA sequences in the allopolyploid species of the Dilatata group of Paspalum (Poaceae, Paniceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Magdalena Vaio ◽  
Cristina Mazzella ◽  
Marcelo Guerra ◽  
Pablo Speranza
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
35S Rdna ◽  
Genome Restructuring

The Dilatata group of Paspalum includes species and biotypes native to temperate South America. Among them, five sexual allotetraploids (x = 10) share the same IIJJ genome formula: P. urvillei Steud, P. dasypleurum Kunze ex Desv., P. dilatatum subsp. flavescens Roseng., B.R. Arrill. & Izag., and two biotypes P. dilatatum Vacaria and P. dilatatum Virasoro. Previous studies suggested P. intermedium Munro ex Morong & Britton and P. juergensii Hack. or related species as their putative progenitors and donors of the I and J genome, respectively, and pointed to a narrow genetic base for their maternal origin. It has not yet been established whether the various members of the Dilatata group are the result of a single or of multiple allopolyploid formations. Here, we aimed to study the evolutionary dynamics of rRNA genes after allopolyploidisation in the Dilatata group of Paspalum and shed some light into the genome restructuring of the tetraploid taxa with the same genome formula. We used double target fluorescence in situ hybridisation of 35S and 5S rDNA probes and sequenced the nrDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. A variable number of loci at the chromosome ends were observed for the 35S rDNA, from 2 to 6, suggesting gain and loss of sites. For the 5S rDNA, only one centromeric pair of signals was observed, indicating a remarkable loss after polyploidisation. All ITS sequences generated were near identical to the one found for P. intermedium. Although sequences showed a directional homogeneisation towards the putative paternal progenitor in all tetraploid species, the observed differences in the number and loss of rDNA sites suggest independent ongoing diploidisation processes in all taxa and genome restructuring following polyploidy.

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