Comparative and functional morphology of hierarchically structured anti-adhesive surfaces in carnivorous plants and kettle trap flowers

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Poppinga ◽  
Kerstin Koch ◽  
Holger Florian Bohn ◽  
Wilhelm Barthlott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carnivorous Plants ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Epicuticular Wax Crystals ◽  
Surface Morphologies ◽  
Plant Surfaces ◽  
Wax Crystals ◽  
Scanning Electron

Plant surfaces that are slippery for insects have evolved independently several times in the plant kingdom, mainly in the groups of carnivorous plants and kettle trap flowers. The surface morphologies of 53 species from both groups were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the surfaces possess highly diverse topographical structures. We present a classification of 12 types of anti-adhesive surfaces, in regard to the assembly and hierarchy of their structural elements. The observed structural elements are different combinations of epidermal cell curvatures with cuticular folds or 3D epicuticular wax crystals and idioblastic elements.

scholarly journals Slippery flowers as a mechanism of defence against nectar-thieving ants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Takeda ◽  
Tomoki Kadokawa ◽  
Atsushi Kawakita
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Pollinator Behaviour ◽  
Epicuticular Wax Crystals ◽  
Experimental Introduction ◽  
Floral Characters ◽  
Wax Crystals ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractBackground and AimsThe great diversity of floral characters among animal-pollinated plants is commonly understood as the result of coevolutionary interactions between plants and pollinators. Floral antagonists, such as nectar thieves, also have the potential to exert selection on floral characters, but adaptation against floral antagonists has attracted comparatively little attention. We found that the corollas of hornet-pollinated Codonopsis lanceolata (Campanulaceae) and the tepals of bee-pollinated Fritillaria koidzumiana (Liliaceae) are slippery to nectar-thieving ants living in the plant’s habitat; because the flowers of both species have exposed nectaries, slippery perianths may function as a defence against nectar-thieving ants.MethodsWe conducted a behavioural experiment and observed perianth surface microstructure by scanning electron microscopy to investigate the mechanism of slipperiness. Field experiments were conducted to test whether slippery perianths prevent floral entry by ants, and whether ant presence inside flowers affects pollination.Key ResultsScanning electron microscopy observations indicated that the slippery surfaces were coated with epicuticular wax crystals. The perianths lost their slipperiness when wiped with hexane. Artificial bridging of the slippery surfaces using non-slippery materials allowed ants to enter flowers more frequently. Experimental introduction of live ants to the Codonopsis flowers evicted hornet pollinators and shortened the duration of pollinator visits. However, no differences were found in the fruit or seed sets of flowers with and without ants.ConclusionsSlippery perianths, most likely based on epicuticular wax crystals, prevent floral entry by ants that negatively affect pollinator behaviour. Experimental evidence of floral defence based on slippery surfaces is rare, but such a mode of defence may be widespread amongst flowering plants.

scholarly journals Morphological classification of bioaerosols from composting using scanning electron microscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1101-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tamer Vestlund ◽  
R. Al-Ashaab ◽  
S.F. Tyrrel ◽  
P.J. Longhurst ◽  
S.J.T. Pollard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Classification ◽  
Scanning Electron

scholarly journals Research on surface morphology of polyaniline film affecting NH3 gas sensor efficiency at room temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Quoc Vuong Luyen ◽  
◽  
Van Dan Bui ◽  
Trong Nghia Nguyen ◽  
Thi Hien Hoang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Electrochemical Method ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Pani Film ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Surface Morphologies ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, the authors presented some research results on the various surface morphologies of polyaniline (PANi) film, directly synthesised on Pt/SiO2interdigitated microelectrode area by electrochemical method. Theoutcomes of surface morphology and chemical composition structure analysis of PANi film were studied by Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), respectively. The PANi film was fabricated with the nanowires (NWs) form with their diameter from 50÷100 nm. The length of several micrometers depends on aniline concentration and synthesis condition. The obtained consequences demonstrated that the PANi - NWs are fully potential objects for the detection of NH3gas at room temperature.

scholarly journals VARIASI KONSENTRASI ION Ni2+ TERHADAP DISPERSI Si3N4 PADA LAPISAN NANOKOMPOSIT Ni-SILIKON NITRIT

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ridwan Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Silicon ◽  
Surface Morphologies ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pelapisan nanokomposit Ni/Si3N4 pada substrat Cu telah dilakukan dengan proses elektroplating pada berbagai konsentrasi ion Ni2+ pada 0,26; 0,56; 0,86; 1,16; dan 1,46 M. Nano silicon nitrit dicampur pada larutan sebagai dispersed phase. Pengaruh konsentrasi ion Ni2+ dalam larutan plating dikaji terhadap dispersi partikel pada lapisan nanokomposit Nikel-Silikon Nitrit. Untuk mengetahui struktur, sifat-sifat fisik dan kimia dari bahan sintesis, beberapa prosedur karakterisasi telah dilakukan. Dari hasil analisis komposisi lapisan nanokomposit menggunakan energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), diperoleh penurunan konsentrasi ion Ni2+ pada elektrolit menyebabkan peningkatan kandungan Si pada lapisan nanokomposit Ni/S3N4 dari 0,62 at.% menjadi 3,01 at.%. Sedangkan dari Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) surface morphologies lapisan nanokomposit Ni/Si3N4 terlihat struktur dari lapisan nano komposit compact (padat) dan ukuran butir semakin kecil dengan penurunan konsentrasi ion Ni2+. Secara umum dispersi dari partikel penguat Si pada lapisan nanokomposit Ni/Si3N4 merata pada permukaan lapisan. semakin kecil konsentrasi ion Ni2+ dalam larutan plating semakin tinggi efisiensinya.Kata kunci: Elektroplating, Nanokristal, Nanokomposit, Ni, Si3N4

scholarly journals Pollen morphology of the genus Impatiens L. (Balsaminaceae) and its systematic implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-219
Author(s):  
Muthulakshmipechiammal Pechimuthu ◽  
Rajendran Arumugam ◽  
Samydurai Ponnusamy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Prolate Spheroidal ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pollen morphology of 18 species from the genus Impatiens collected from different localities in Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) during the period of February 2017 to November 2019. From the observation of pollen it was found to be structurally monad; prolate, sub-prolate and prolate-spheroidal in equatorial view; and circular, rectangular, triangular, quinquangular, elliptic and quadrangular in polar view. The apertures varied from dicolpate, tricolpate to tetracolpate. The main ornamentation type was reticulate in most of the species except Impatiens fruticosa which showed echinate ornamentation. The variations in pollen structure within the species were useful for the identification and classification of the genus Impatiens. The high structural diversity renders important taxonomic value for species differentiation.

Egg morphology update based on new chorionic data of Potamanthus luteus  (Linnaeus), Ephemera danica Müller and Oligoneuriella rhenana (Imhoff) (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) obtained by scanning electron microscopy

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1465 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLÁS UBERO-PASCAL ◽  
M. ANGELS PUIG
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Egg Morphology ◽  
Ephemera Danica ◽  
Scanning Electron

The chorionic patterns of Ephemeroptera eggs are very diverse and these have often been used for taxonomic and systematic purposes. In a great number of species, including Potamanthus luteus, Ephemera danica and Oligoneuriella rhenana, these egg features have been studied using light microscopy. However, current trends in egg morphology studies use scanning electron microscopy (SEM), so that the eggs of these species need to be re-described in order to establish morphological comparisons. The general chorionic features which have already been described in these three species are confirmed in our SEM study, although a more detailed description of both the architecture and arrangement of these can now be offered. In addition, this study has allowed us to note new morphological data, such as the chorionic reticulation in P. luteus and the complex extrachorion-adhesive layer in E. danica; classification of the lateral attachment structure in P. luteus and O. rhenana has been changed; and the variability of the polar cap observed in P. luteus underlines the care that must to be taken when selecting chorionic structures for taxonomic purposes.

CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIAS AND HEMATOSARCOMAS BASED ON CELL MEMBRANE MARKERS AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

1976 ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. BELPOMME ◽  
D. DANTCHEV ◽  
R. JOSEPH ◽  
A. SANTORO ◽  
F. FEUILHADE DE CHAUVIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Markers ◽  
Scanning Electron
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