scholarly journals Plants versus pathogens: an evolutionary arms race

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Anderson ◽  
Cynthia A. Gleason ◽  
Rhonda C. Foley ◽  
Peter H. Thrall ◽  
Jeremy B. Burdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Effector Triggered Immunity ◽  
Defence Signalling ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Plant Defence Responses

The analysis of plant–pathogen interactions is a rapidly moving research field and one that is very important for productive agricultural systems. The focus of this review is on the evolution of plant defence responses and the coevolution of their pathogens, primarily from a molecular-genetic perspective. It explores the evolution of the major types of plant defence responses including pathogen associated molecular patterns and effector triggered immunity as well as the forces driving pathogen evolution, such as the mechanisms by which pathogen lineages and species evolve. Advances in our understanding of plant defence signalling, stomatal regulation, R gene–effector interactions and host specific toxins are used to highlight recent insights into the coevolutionary arms race between pathogens and plants. Finally, the review considers the intriguing question of how plants have evolved the ability to distinguish friends such as rhizobia and mycorrhiza from their many foes.

scholarly journals Biological effects of oomycetes elicitins

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Martina Janků ◽  
Lucie Činčalová ◽  
Lenka Luhová ◽  
Jan Lochman ◽  
Marek Petřivalský
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Structure Perception ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Plant Defence Responses

Successful plant defence responses to pathogen challenges are based on fast and specific pathogen recognition and plant reaction mechanisms. Elicitins, proteinaceous elicitors secreted by the Phytophthora and Pythium species, were first described in Phytophthora culture filtrates as proteins able to induce a hypersensitive response (HR) and resistance in tobacco at low concentrations. Later, they were classified as microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) able to induce defences in a variety of plant species. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the actual knowledge on the representative elicitins and their structure, perception and activation of plant signalling pathways. The current research of elicitins has been focused on a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the elicitin recognition by plant cells. Moreover, the possibility of elicitin involvement in the establishment and enhancement of plant host resistance to a broad spectrum of pathogens has been intensively studied.

Plant defence responses: what have we learnt from Arabidopsis?

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise F. Thatcher ◽  
Jonathan P. Anderson ◽  
Karam B. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defence ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Induced Responses ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Model Plant Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Defence Signalling ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Plant Defence Responses ◽  
Plant Arabidopsis Thaliana

To overcome the attack of invading pathogens, a plant’s defence system relies on preformed and induced responses. The induced responses are activated following detection of a pathogen, with the subsequent transmission of signals and orchestrated cellular events aimed at eliminating the pathogen and preventing its spread. Numerous studies are proving that the activated signalling pathways are not simply linear, but rather, form complex networks where considerable cross talk takes place. This review covers the recent application of powerful genetic and genomic approaches to identify key defence signalling pathways in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. The identification of key regulatory components of these pathways may offer new approaches to increase the defence capabilities of crop plants.

Christopher John Lamb CBE. 19 March 1950 — 21 August 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 189-213
Author(s):  
Joanne Chory ◽  
Rod Casey
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Information ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Genes ◽  
Defence Signalling ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Biology Laboratory

Chris Lamb was one of the most influential plant biologists of his time. He was director of the Plant Biology Laboratory at the Salk Institute and of the John Innes Centre, two of the world's leading plant and microbial research institutions. He was recognized by the Institute for Scientific Information as one of the most highly cited researchers worldwide in plant and animal science. His field of study was plant–pathogen interactions, and he made seminal contributions to the understanding of the molecular basis of plant defence. His efforts led to discoveries such as how cell wall composition influences microbial entry, which plant genes are rapidly induced on infection, and the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in plant defence signalling. His work demonstrated a number of links between defence responses in plants and in animals. He believed that plant and microbial science research could be used to improve the world, and he took his belief to the local communities, to regional and national media and to Westminster. He had a skill for talent spotting, and one of his major legacies is the number of careers that he nurtured and are now flourishing at universities and institutes across the world.

scholarly journals Deciphering Brassica plant defence responses to cabbage white butterfly egg-associated molecular patterns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotte Caarls ◽  
Niccoló Bassetti ◽  
Femke van Doesburg ◽  
Patrick Verbaarschot ◽  
Joop J.A. van Loon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defence ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Brassica Plant ◽  
Defence Genes ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Plant Defence Responses

Brassica plants activate a strong hypersensitive response (HR)-like necrosis underneath eggs of cabbage white butterflies, but their molecular response to eggs is poorly understood. Here, we developed a method to generate egg wash to identify potential insect egg-associated molecular patterns (EAMPs) inducing HR-like necrosis. We found that egg wash, containing compounds from Pieris eggs, induced a similar response as eggs. We show that wash of hatched eggs, of egg glue, and of accessory reproductive glands (ARG) that produce this glue, also induced HR-like necrosis, whereas removal of the glue from eggs resulted in a reduced response. Eggs of Pieris butterflies induced callose deposition, production of reactive oxygen species and cell death in B. nigra and B. rapa leaf tissue, also in plants that did not express HR-like necrosis. Finally, only washes from Pieris eggs induced defence genes and ethylene production, whereas egg wash of a generalist moth did not. Our results indicate that EAMPs are in the egg glue and that the response in B. nigra is specific to Pieris species. Our study expands knowledge on the Brassica-Pieris-egg interaction, and paves the way for identification of EAMPs in Pieris egg glue and corresponding receptor in Brassica spp.

Microbial elicitors of plant defence responses activate transcription of a retrotransposon

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Pouteau ◽  
Marie-Angele Grandbastien ◽  
Martine Boccara
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defence ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Plant Defence Responses

scholarly journals Zinc phosphate protects tomato plants against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Quaglia ◽  
Marika Bocchini ◽  
Benedetta Orfei ◽  
Roberto D’Amato ◽  
Franco Famiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Zinc Phosphate ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Plant Defence Responses

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether zinc phosphate treatments of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) can attenuate bacterial speck disease severity through reduction of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) growth in planta and induce morphological and biochemical plant defence responses. Tomato plants were treated with 10 ppm (25.90 µM) zinc phosphate and then spray inoculated with strain DAPP-PG 215, race 0 of Pst. Disease symptoms were recorded as chlorosis and/or necrosis per leaf (%) and as numbers of necrotic spots. Soil treatments with zinc phosphate protected susceptible tomato plants against Pst, with reductions in both disease severity and pathogen growth in planta. The reduction of Pst growth in planta combined with significantly higher zinc levels in zinc-phosphate-treated plants indicated direct antimicrobial toxicity of this microelement, as also confirmed by in vitro assays. Morphological (i.e. callose apposition) and biochemical (i.e., expression of salicylic-acid-dependent pathogenesis-related protein PR1b1 gene) defence responses were induced by the zinc phosphate treatment, as demonstrated by histochemical and qPCR analyses, respectively. In conclusion, soil treatments with zinc phosphate can protect tomato plants against Pst attacks through direct antimicrobial activity and induction of morphological and biochemical plant defence responses.

scholarly journals Integrating metabolomics and targeted gene expression to uncover potential biomarkers of fungal/oomycetes-associated disease susceptibility in grapevine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Maia ◽  
António E. N. Ferreira ◽  
Rui Nascimento ◽  
Filipa Monteiro ◽  
Francisco Traquete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Leucoanthocyanidin Reductase ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Targeted Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Defence Responses ◽  
First Time

Abstract Vitis vinifera, one of the most cultivated fruit crops, is susceptible to several diseases particularly caused by fungus and oomycete pathogens. In contrast, other Vitis species (American, Asian) display different degrees of tolerance/resistance to these pathogens, being widely used in breeding programs to introgress resistance traits in elite V. vinifera cultivars. Secondary metabolites are important players in plant defence responses. Therefore, the characterization of the metabolic profiles associated with disease resistance and susceptibility traits in grapevine is a promising approach to identify trait-related biomarkers. In this work, the leaf metabolic composition of eleven Vitis genotypes was analysed using an untargeted metabolomics approach. A total of 190 putative metabolites were found to discriminate resistant/partial resistant from susceptible genotypes. The biological relevance of discriminative compounds was assessed by pathway analysis. Several compounds were selected as promising biomarkers and the expression of genes coding for enzymes associated with their metabolic pathways was analysed. Reference genes for these grapevine genotypes were established for normalisation of candidate gene expression. The leucoanthocyanidin reductase 2 gene (LAR2) presented a significant increase of expression in susceptible genotypes, in accordance with catechin accumulation in this analysis group. Up to our knowledge this is the first time that metabolic constitutive biomarkers are proposed, opening new insights into plant selection on breeding programs.

Influence of selected plant amines on probing behaviour of bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sempruch ◽  
S. Goławska ◽  
P. Osiński ◽  
B. Leszczyński ◽  
P. Czerniewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graphs ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Plant Defence Responses ◽  
Common Plant ◽  
Probing Behaviour

AbstractThe study aimed to quantify the influence of common plant polyamines and tyramine on probing behaviour in the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.). Electrical penetration graphs (DC) were used to monitor the probing and feeding behaviour of R. padi exposed to the amines agmatine, cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine and tyramine. The study results showed that the analyzed amines tended to shorten the stylet activity of aphids in the gels (as indicated by the g-C pattern), prolong the duration of non-probing behaviour (g-np pattern) and decrease salivation into the gels (g-E1pattern) and ingestion from the gels (g-G pattern). The 10 mM concentration of the studied amines, especially cadaverine, reduced or completely inhibited aphid ingestion. The obtained results demonstrate that plant amines participate in plant defence responses to R. padi through disturbance of its probing behaviour and the intensity of such effects is concentration dependent.

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