Temperature effect on carbon partitioning in two commercial cultivars of sugarcane

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. L. Grof ◽  
James A. Campbell ◽  
Olena Kravchuk ◽  
Christopher J. Lambrides ◽  
Peter L. Albertson
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Exponential Trend ◽  
Linear Manner

The effect of temperature upon plant growth and partitioning of dry matter in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) was determined. Sugarcane plants of two commercial cultivars, Q117 and Q138 were grown under constant conditions for 72 days then subjected to one of four different ambient temperature regimes, 14, 18, 22 or 26°C. Plants were harvested before the imposition of the treatments, then at 85, 120, 155 and 190 days after planting (DAP) for biomass and sugar partitioning. Following the imposition of temperature treatments, the increase in stalk length and node number was linear and notably different between the temperature regimes for both cultivars. When the data was described in terms of thermal time (growth temperature (°C) × number of days), the number of internodes produced per unit of thermal time was the same irrespective of the temperature in which the plants were grown and internode number increased in a linear manner with an increase in total thermal input. Stalk dry matter accumulation over time was linear at the log-scale and highly significant, (P < 0.001) for both Q117 and Q138. The linear rate of accumulation increased with temperature ranging from 1.39 g day–1 at 14°C to 5.31 g day–1 at 26°C for Q117, whereas in Q138 it ranged from 2.24 g day–1 to 4.39 g day–1 at temperatures of 14 and 26°C, respectively. The pattern of total sucrose accumulation also followed an exponential trend, with little difference evident until 155 DAP where rates increased with temperature for both varieties. However, the increase between 14 and 26°C was more profound for Q117. The sucrose/hexose ratio also differed between the cultivars. This difference was most pronounced in plants grown at both 14 and 18°C where the ratio of sucrose/hexose in Q117 was double that measured in Q138. The production of phytomeric units in sugarcane is clearly a function of accumulated degree-days and influenced by cultivar. The elongation of internodes is influenced by temperature and varietal interaction but is not a function of degree-days.

RESPONSE OF PEAS TO ENVIRONMENT: II. EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE IN CONTROLLED-ENVIRONMENT CABINETS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Stanfield ◽  
D. P. Ormrod ◽  
H. F. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Effects of day/night temperature regimes from 7/4 to 32/24 °C on growth and development of Pisum sativum L. var. Dark Skin Perfection were studied in controlled-environment cabinets. Light intensity was about 1500 foot-candles and the photoperiod was 16 hours. Rate of plant development, in terms of nodes produced per day, increased steadily as the average temperature increased. Rate of stem elongation, however, was most rapid at 21/13 °C; and plant height was greatest at 16/10 °C. On a dry matter accumulation rate basis, vine growth decreased above and below a temperature optimum which shifted from 21/16 to 16/10 °C in the course of plant development. The combination of high day and high night temperatures caused an increase in the number of nodes to the first flower. Tillering was most prolific at the lower temperatures and was absent at 32 °C day temperatures. Pea yield decreased as temperature increased above 16/10 °C, due mainly to a reduction in the number of pods per plant.

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE, NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND MOISTURE STRESS ON GROWTH, ASSIMILATE DISTRIBUTION AND MOISTURE USE BY MANITOU SPRING WHEAT

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. CAMPBELL ◽  
H. R. DAVIDSON
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Early Stress ◽  
Dough Stage

The effects of early moisture stress [tillering (Tg) to last leaf visible (LLV)], late moisture stress [LLV to anthesis (AN)], and three rates of N fertilizer (44, 88 and 132 kg N/ha) on the development and moisture use characteristics of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Manitou’) were determined under simulated irrigation in the growth chamber at day/night temperatures of 27 °C/12 °C (T27/12) and 22 °C/12 °C (T22/12). Plant height was unaffected by N and by early stress, but was reduced by late stress. Number of tillers increased until LLV, then decreased sharply and remained constant to maturity. More tillers were initiated at T27/12 than at T22/12, but by maturity there was little difference. Leaf blade photosynthetic area reached its maximum at LLV, while the non-leaf blade photosynthetic area reached its maximum at AN and constituted 75% of the total photosynthetic area at the milk dough stage. Heads comprised no more than 9% of the photosynthetic area at any time. Total plant matter accumulated sigmoidally, but at T27/12 and low N rates, plants lost total dry weight after the milk dough stage. Dry matter of the vegetative plant parts increased until the milk dough stage, then stems in particular, and roots to a lesser extent, lost weight. Head weight increased linearly at about 17.5 mg/head/day. Dry matter accumulation was directly proportional to N applied, inversely related to temperature, temporarily retarded by early stress and markedly reduced by late stress. Although stems were the dominant vegetative dry matter sink, leaves were the dominant N sink. A combination of high temperature, high N and moisture stress resulted in a temporary loss of N from the plants between LLV and the milk dough stage. As maturation proceeded, N assimilates appeared to move from leaves to roots into stems and thence into heads. The average rate of N accumulation in the heads was 0.22 and 0.27 mg/head/day at T22/12 and T27/12, respectively. Some N was lost by denitrification. The amount and rate of evapotranspiration were directly proportional to N applied and in general inversely related to moisture stress. The rate of moisture use was generally more rapid at T27/12, but the amount used was no different from that at T22/12. Plants stressed early recovered and used water at the same rate as unstressed plants, but plants stressed late did not recover.

Growth, phenology and thermal indices of mungbean as influenced by sowing time, varieties and planting geometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harinder Singh ◽  
Guriqbal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Thermal Indices ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Planting Geometry

A field experiment was conducted during <italic>kharif</italic> 2012 to assess the effects of sowing time (1, 10, 20, and 30 July) and planting geometry (30 cm × 10 cm and 22.5 cm × 10 cm) on the growth, phenology and thermal indices of mungbean varieties (PAU 911 and ML 818). The crop sown on 1 July recorded higher plant height and dry matter accumulation (DMA) and required higher thermal indices <italic>viz</italic>. accumulated growing degree days (AGDD), accumulated photothermal units (APTU) and accumulated heliothermal units (AHTU) to complete various phenological stages as compared to all other sowing times. Mungbean variety PAU 911 took lesser days to complete various phenological stages and required lesser AGDD, AHTU and APTU as compared to ML 818. Plants in planting geometry of 30 cm ×10 cm recorded significantly higher DMA and attained significantly higher AGDD, AHTU and APTU as compared to in 22.5 cm ×10 cm geometry.

Effect of temperature on seed development in jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider). I. Dry matter changes

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
IF Wardlaw ◽  
RL Dunstone
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Size At Maturity ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Subtropical Species

Growth of the capsule and seed of jojoba were followed from pollination to maturity at eight temperature regimens ranging from 15/10 to 36/31�C (8/16 h; photoperiod 16 h). There was an initial lag before the onset of rapid (linear) seed development, during which the capsule expanded, and this lag varied from 106 days at 15/10�C to 7 days at 36/31�C. The wax concentration in the seed was low during the initial stages of development, but reached a maximum when the seeds were 70-75% of their final dry weight. The maximum rate of dry matter accumulation in the seed increased with temperature up to 33/28�C but, because of the longer growth period at low temperature, seed size at maturity was greatest at 18/13�C. The current work suggests that prolonged periods with temperatures above 36/31�C, or below 15/10�C would be harmful to the development of jojoba seed. The high optimum temperature for growth rate of the seed (33/28�C) and sensitivity to a temperature of 15/10�C, puts jojoba into the same group as many subtropical species. However, the lower optimum temperature for seed weight at maturity (18/13�C) is close to that observed for the temperate cereals.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature and diet on Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) development with special reference to Isomegalen diagram and accumulated degree days

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Defilippo ◽  
A. Grisendi ◽  
S. Savoldelli ◽  
D. Torri ◽  
M. Dottori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Plodia Interpunctella ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Immature Development ◽  
Indian Meal ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Accumulated Degree Days

Immature development times of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella were studied in the laboratory at four different constant temperatures (20, 23, 25, 27°C) reared on a standard diet (D1) and chocolate (D2). The minimal duration of development from oviposition to adult emergence was inversely related to temperature, ranging from 2.3±0.36 days to 50.5±0.5 days for D1 and from 36.7±0.53 days to 106.73±1.10 days for D2 for 27°C and 20°C, respectively. The minimum development threshold (tL), obtained from linear regression model of the development rates at the four studied constant temperature regimes, for total immature development is 15.3°C and 17.1°C for D1 and D2, respectively and the accumulated degree days (ADD) for P. interpunctella is 249.51°C for D1 and 358.4°C for D2 above the threshold.

Temperature Effects on Vegetative Growth of Round-Leaved Mallow (Malva pusilla)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Robert E. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
C Partitioning

Vegetative growth response of round-leaved mallow to various day/night temperature regimes was studied under controlled-environment conditions to predict its potential geographic distribution and to develop an effective control program. Round-leaved mallow dry matter production was greatest with day temperatures of 18 to 26 C. Dry matter accumulation was reduced by a night temperature of 6 C but was minimally affected by night temperatures ranging from 12 to 24 C. Regression analysis predicted minimal vegetative growth at mean daily temperatures below 8 C and above 30 C, with optimum growth at 20 C. Partitioning of round-leaved mallow biomass in leaves, stems, and roots was affected by temperature. Maximum leaf weight ratio occurred at low temperatures, 10 C day and 6 C night. Stem weight ratio was greatest at a day temperature of 26 C, with night temperature having little effect. Maximum root biomass occurred with a day temperature of 18 C. Results are discussed in terms of environmental conditions that allow round-leaved mallow to be an effective competitor with crops and potential approaches for its control.

scholarly journals Models to estimate phytomass accumulation of hydroponic lettuce

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidinei José Lopes ◽  
Durval Dourado Neto ◽  
Paulo Augusto Manfron ◽  
Luís Renato Jasniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Matter Production

The protected and hydroponics cultivation are increasing in Brazil, demanding a better knowledge of crop performance in this environment. Plant dry matter accumulation as a function of solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity and other weather parameters in greenhouse is different when compared with field cultivation. With the purpose of proposing models to characterize the temporal variation of leaf and total dry matter production of hydroponics-grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and to determine the flowering period and the maximum dry matter accumulation rate as a function of plant relative development (relative degree-days), solar radiation and effective thermal index, two experiments (Spring and Autumn) were carried out in the greenhouse, at Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Growth and development models are useful in obtaining basic information on the plant <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> environment interactions, maximizing the use of resources in greenhouse, as well as, to define the best form of crop management. The cultivar Vera was chosen as function of its earliness. Models were proposed to estimate the temporal variation of dry matter accumulation, where the best results for relative development were obtained using effective degree-days, characterizing the importance of the air temperature for the vegetative phase and the solar radiation for the reproductive. The yield and quality of the lettuce seeds evidenced a high potential of hydroponics technique.

Hophornbeam Copperleaf (Acalypha ostryifolia) Biology and Control

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Horak ◽  
Zhuping Gao ◽  
Dallas E. Peterson ◽  
Larry D. Maddux
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
And Control

Little is known about the biology and control of hophornbeam copperleaf, a weed of increasing importance in the Midwest. More than 2 wk of cold stratification and a 0.2% KNO3solution increased germination of hophornbeam copperleaf. Germination at constant 30 C was 47% and alternating 30/20 C was 65%. Scarification did not increase hophornbeam copperleaf germination. Within the first 600 growing degree days after soybean planting, plant height, leaf area, and dry matter accumulation of hophornbeam copperleaf grown in soybean and alone were similar. Subsequently, leaf area and dry matter accumulation of hophornbeam copperleaf grown alone were greater than of those grown in soybean. In contrast, plant height of hophornbeam copperleaf grown in soybean was greater than when grown alone. Hophornbeam copperleaf grown alone produced up to 12 510 seeds/plant, whereas hophornbeam copperleaf grown with soybean produced 980 seeds/plant. Of 13 postemergent herbicides evaluated on hophornbeam copperleaf in soybean, only lactofen, acifluorfen, and fomesafen controlled 80% or more. Lactofen at 210 g ai/ha consistently controlled more than 95% of the hophornbeam copperleaf.

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