Heat stress affects flowering, berry growth, sugar accumulation and photosynthesis of Vitis vinifera cv. Semillon grapevines grown in a controlled environment

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis H. Greer ◽  
Chris Weston
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
The Impact

High temperatures during the growing season characterise many grape growing regions in Australia and elsewhere in the world, and impact on many processes including growth and berry development. To quantify the impact of heat on the Vitis vinifera L. cv. Semillon, potted vines were grown in controlled environments and exposed to a temperature regime of 40/25°C at flowering, fruit set, veraison and mid-ripening stages. Vegetative and reproductive development was measured throughout and leaf photosynthesis and stomatal conductance tracked during heat exposures. Accumulation of soluble solids was determined during ripening. Leaf growth and stem extension were unaffected by heat whereas flowers completely abscised. Berries treated at fruit set developed normally and those treated at veraison and mid-ripening stopped expanding and sugar content stopped increasing. Photosynthesis was also affected on each occasion, with rates declining by 35% and taking 12 days to recover. Up to 10 mg carbon g (berry dry weight)–1 day–1 was required for ripening after veraison. For vines heat treated at veraison and mid-ripening, net carbon acquisition rates fell to below 4 mg carbon g (leaf dry weight)–1 day–1, which is inadequate to supply berry carbon requirements. This suggests that the impacts of heat on the ripening process can be traced back to the supply of carbon.

scholarly journals Seasonal differences in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir fruit and wine quality in relation to climate

OENO One ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Blank ◽  
Marco Hofmann ◽  
Manfred Stoll
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
The Impact

Aims: A better understanding of the relationship between weather conditions and wine quality would provide tools for assessing the impact of climate change and the potential for adaptation. Most studies rely on assessing wine quality by the price per bottle or by an overall ranking and then establishing general relations to weather conditions. However, such an approach may imply the addition of bias by variable winemaking techniques overcoming vintage effects. The aim of our study was therefore to implement a controlled conditions approach using grape samples from a single vineyard and a standardized micro-scale winemaking technique to produce wines in similar conditions for each vintage over more than a decade. We hope that this data will allow new insights into responses to climatic differences.Methods and results: From 2005 to 2015, data was collected from a vineyard of Hochschule Geisenheim University planted with Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot Noir grafted on rootstock SO4 in four field replicates. Weather conditions were recorded together with the major phenological stages, yield, infection of the bunches by Botrytis cinerea bunch rot, and pruning weight. Key primary juice compounds were analyzed and berry phenolics in skins and seeds were determined before harvest. Micro-scale winemaking was developed to produce wines in standardized conditions. The repeatability of the method to assess the extraction of anthocyanins and tannins was shown to be 2–10% and 8–12%, respectively, depending on grape maturity stage. Sugar accumulation was coupled to warmer conditions during the maturation period, and high temperatures after véraison decreased the concentration of malic acid in the juice. The accumulation of primary amino acids (N-OPA) in the juices seemed positively related to warmer conditions between bud break and flowering. Increased temperature, especially before véraison, accompanied by a lack of precipitation was related to an accumulation of tannins in fruit and wine, with a higher accumulation in skins than seeds. The temperature-sensitive anthocyanin accumulation in grapes was coupled to warmer conditions after véraison. These differences in anthocyanin concentration could also be observed in the wine.Conclusions: High-quality vintages were linked to warmer than normal growing seasons and below normal precipitation.Significance and impact of the study: The use of a micro-scale winemaking technique represents an innovative tool to provide detailed information in a controlled and reproducible way. A better understanding of the interaction between weather conditions and berry/wine compounds will help with developing improved winemaking techniques and better adapting to future impacts of climate change.

scholarly journals High Temperature and Elevated Carbon Dioxide Modify Berry Composition of Different Clones of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Tempranillo

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Arrizabalaga-Arriazu ◽  
Eric Gomès ◽  
Fermín Morales ◽  
Juan José Irigoyen ◽  
Inmaculada Pascual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
The Impact

Tempranillo is a grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) variety extensively used for world wine production which is expected to be affected by environmental parameters modified by ongoing global climate changes, i.e., increases in average air temperature and rise of atmospheric CO2 levels. Apart from determining their effects on grape development and biochemical characteristics, this paper considers the intravarietal diversity of the cultivar Tempranillo as a tool to develop future adaptive strategies to face the impact of climate change on grapevine. Fruit-bearing cuttings of five clones (RJ43, CL306, T3, VN31, and 1084) were grown in temperature gradient greenhouses (TGGs), from fruit set to maturity, under two temperature regimes (ambient temperature vs. ambient temperature plus 4°C) and two CO2 levels (ambient, ca. 400 ppm, vs. elevated, 700 ppm). Treatments were applied separately or in combination. The analyses carried out included berry phenological development, the evolution in the concentration of must compounds (organic acids, sugars, and amino acids), and total skin anthocyanins. Elevated temperature hastened berry ripening, sugar accumulation, and malic acid breakdown, especially when combined with high CO2. Climate change conditions reduced the amino acid content 2 weeks after mid-veraison and seemed to delay amino acidic maturity. Elevated CO2 reduced the decoupling effect of temperature on the anthocyanin to sugar ratio. The impact of these factors, taken individually or combined, was dependent on the clone analyzed, thus indicating certain intravarietal variability in the response of Tempranillo to these climate change-related factors.

Irrigated Shiraz vines (Vitis vinifera) upregulate gas exchange and maintain berry growth in response to short spells of high maximum temperature in the field

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J. Soar ◽  
Marisa J. Collins ◽  
Victor O. Sadras
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
High Maximum

We tested the hypotheses that (i) a short period of high maximum temperature disrupts gas exchange and arrests berry growth and sugar accumulation in irrigated Shiraz vines (Vitis vinifera L.), and (ii) the magnitude of these effects depend on the phenological window when stress occur. Using a system combining passive heating (greenhouse effect) and active cooling (fans) to control daytime temperature, we compared vines heated to a nominal maximum of 40°C for three consecutive days and untreated controls. Maximum air temperature in heated treatments was 7.3°C (2006–07) and 6.5°C (2007–08) above ambient. Heat episodes were aligned with the beginning of a weekly irrigation cycle and applied in one of four phenological windows, namely post-fruit set, pre-veraison, veraison and pre-harvest. Heating systems did not affect relative humidity, hence vapour pressure deficit (VPD) was increased in the heated treatments and tracked the daily cycle of temperature. Heat did not affect the dynamics of berry growth and sugar accumulation, except for a 16% reduction in berry size and sugar content in vines heated shortly after fruit set in 2006–07. Vines upregulated stomatal conductance and gas exchange in response to heat. Stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration at a common VPD were consistently higher in heated vines than in controls. We suggest that stomatal behaviour previously described as part of Shiraz anisohydric syndrome may be adaptive in terms of heat tolerance at the expense of short-term transpiration efficiency.

scholarly journals CPPU and BA, with and without Pollination, Affect Set, Growth, and Quality of Muskmelon Fruit

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 868-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hayata ◽  
Y. Niimi ◽  
K. Inoue ◽  
S. Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Seedless Fruits ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Solutions of CPPU and BA were applied to ovaries of melon (Cucumis melo) flowers with or without pollination, and the effects on fruit set, growth, and sugar content were investigated. Treatment with CPPU increased fruit set in both seeded and seedless melons. Even at low concentrations, CPPU had a strong effect on fruit set in the seeded melons. In seedless melons, CPPU induced 100% parthenocarpic fruit set when applied with 10 mg·L–1; lower concentrations were much less effective. Treatment with BA increased fruit set in seeded melons, but was not particularly effective in the absence of pollination. During the first 10 days after anthesis, CPPU promoted fruit growth, but between 8 and 13 days after anthesis, the growth rate was lower than in the controls. Treatment with CPPU had little effect upon soluble solids (SS) levels in seeded fruit. SS content was significantly lower in seedless than in seeded fruit; this difference was larger in the placenta than in the mesocarp. Sucrose levels of both seeded and seedless fruits were consistently higher than glucose and fructose levels. High concentrations of CPPU reduced sucrose levels in the placenta of seedless fruit. These results indicate that seeds play an important role in sugar accumulation and melon fruit growth during later stages of development. Chemical names used: [1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea] (CPPU); 6-benzylaminopurine (BA).

scholarly journals Genome Wide Analysis of GH Gene Family Reveals Vvgh9 Positively Regulates Sugar Accumulation under Low Sugar Content in Grape

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Guangzhao Xu ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Chong Ren ◽  
Peige Fan ◽  
Yangfu Kuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolases ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Phylogeny Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Regulation Of Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
The Impact

Sugar content directly affects grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry quality and the resulting wine. Therefore, it is of great importance to study and explore novel genes that affect sugar accumulation in grapes. Glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) are key enzymes hydrolyzing polysaccharides into monosaccharides and play important roles in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Nevertheless, the impact of GHs on the regulation of sugar accumulation in plants has rarely been investigated. In this study, we identified 11 putative GH genes in grapevines by phylogeny analysis. RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR results demonstrated that the expression level of VvGH9 was higher during the fruit set stage, which had lower sugar content than the véraison and ripe stages. Treatment of grape berries with exogenous sugar two weeks before véraison revealed that VvGH9 was rapidly induced by sucrose, fructose, and glucose. When ‘41B’ calli was treated with different concentrations of glucose, VvGH9 expression increased at first and then decreased with the increase of glucose concentration. Overexpression of VvGH9 in grape calli and tomatoes also confirmed that this gene could contribute to sugar accumulation. All the above results demonstrated that VvGH9 promotes sugar accumulation under low sugar content in plants.

Harvest Field Sizing as a Technique to Remove Undersize French Prunes

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 452a-452
Author(s):  
Richard Buchner ◽  
Seeley Mudd ◽  
Bruce Carroll ◽  
Mark Gilles
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
High Sugar Content

Overall profitability is a major goal in successful prune production and a major component in any prune management system. Large prune crops in 1996 and 1997 have stimulated considerable interest in undersize fruit. Undersize prunes currently have marginal value and may represent a net loss because of costs to haul, dry, and to market order payments on low value prunes. One technique to control delivery size is to field size at harvest. Field sizing involves installing size-sorting devices on harvesters, which allow small prunes to fall out while valuable fruit is collected. Field sizing is considered a “risky” strategy because of the potential to remove prunes with economic value. During the 1997 harvest, 21 infield harvest sizing evaluations were made in prune orchards throughout Tehama county. The first evaluation occurred on 12 Aug. 1997, at the start of prune harvest. The final evaluation was done on 5 Sept. 1997, at the tail end of harvest. The objective was to sample throughout the harvest period to test field sizing under various sugar, size, and fruit pressure scenarios. The test machine was 1-inch bar sizer. Of the 21 sample dates, undersize fruit was clearly not marketable in 20 of the 21 samples. Discarded fruit averaged 133 dry count per pound. Only one sample out of 21 may have had market value at 86 dry count per pound. Although small in size, these prunes had very high sugar content contributing to their dry weight. In this evaluation, a 1-inch bar sizer did a good job of separating fruit with and without market value under the 1997 price schedule. As harvest date becomes later and soluble solids increase, the chances of sorting out marketable prunes also increases.

scholarly journals Fertilization the Omission One Test as Determination Limiting Factors for Maize Biomass (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-105
Author(s):  
Koko Tampubolon ◽  
Bagus Fitra Azmi ◽  
Perdana Andriano Tamba ◽  
Ayu Widya Lestari ◽  
Kamaruddin Kamaruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The research was aimed to obtain information on the impact of omission one test fertilization as a determination limiting factors for the growth and biomass of maize in variety Bonanza F1. Materials and Methods: The research was located in the experimental field, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien, Medan from December 2020 until February 2021. The research was applied by Randomized Block Design in non-factorial through fertilization of omission one test that has been converted (urea : SP-36 : KCl = 0.75 : 0.50 : 0.125 g polybag-1). The treatment of this research include P0 = non-fertilization; P1= N+P+K; P2= P+K; P3= N+K; P4= N+P using three replications. The parameters include plant height, leaf growth, total fresh weight, total dry weight, and the percentage of relative yield then processed using ANOVA and continued with DMRT at 5% ± standard error with SPSS v.20 software. Results: Informed that the omission one test technique significantly improved all the characteristics of maize in the variety Bonanza F1. The highest increase in plant height was found in the N+P of 83.65%, meanwhile, the highest leaf and biomass growth characters were found in N+P+K, ranged of 50.00 to 177.81% and 487.60 to 507.37%, respectively. It was obtained that the limiting factor for the maize growth in variety Bonanza F1 was found in the un-fertilization of nitrogen.

Corinthian raisins (Vitis vinifera L., var. Apyrena) antioxidant and sugar content as affected by the drying process: a 3-year study

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 915-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirini A Panagopoulou ◽  
Antonia Chiou ◽  
Eirini K Nikolidaki ◽  
Margarita Christea ◽  
Vaios T Karathanos
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Drying Process

scholarly journals Leaf-to-Fruit Ratios in Vitis vinifera L. cv. “Sauvignon Blanc”, “Carmenère”, “Cabernet Sauvignon”, and “Syrah” Growing in Maule Valley (Chile): Influence on Yield and Fruit Composition

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa ◽  
Irina Díaz-Galvéz ◽  
Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez ◽  
Yerko Moreno-Simunovic
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Berry Composition

A trial was conducted during the 2005–2006 season in order to determine the effects of different leaf-to-fruit ratios on yield components and fruit composition in four Vitis vinifera L. cultivars. The treatments consisted of selecting shoots of four lengths (>1.3 m, 1.3–0.8 m, 0.8–0.4 m, and <0.4 m) with two crop levels (1–2 clusters/shoot), which allowed defining eight ratios. Berry composition and yield components were measured. The treatments affected the accumulation of soluble solids in “Sauvignon blanc”, “Cabernet Sauvignon”, and “Syrah”, delaying it as the ratio decreased. All yield components were affected in “Sauvignon blanc”, while bunch weight and the number of berries per bunch were altered without a clear trend. None of the yield components were affected in “Cabernet Sauvignon”, while the lowest ratio presented the lowest number of berries per bunch in “Syrah”. Total polyphenol index (TPI) was affected in “Carmenère” without a clear trend. A highly significant correlation was found between shoot length and leaf area in all studied cultivars. As the ratio increased, the shoot lignification increased in “Sauvignon blanc”. However, studies must be conducted during more seasons to establish better conclusions about the effects of leaf-to-fruit ratios on yield and fruit composition.

The impact of grapevine red blotch disease on Vitis vinifera L. Chardonnay grape and wine composition and sensory attributes over three seasons

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1436-1447
Author(s):  
Raul Cauduro Girardello ◽  
Vanessa Rich ◽  
Rhonda J Smith ◽  
Charles Brenneman ◽  
Hildegarde Heymann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Wine Composition ◽  
The Impact
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