Elevated CO2 atmosphere promotes plant growth and inulin production in the cerrado species Vernonia herbacea

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa F. Oliveira ◽  
Lilian B. P. Zaidan ◽  
Márcia R. Braga ◽  
Marcos P. M. Aidar ◽  
Maria Angela M. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Atmospheric Condition ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Future Scenario ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Co2 Atmosphere

Carbon allocation in biomass is an important response of plants to the increasing atmospheric [CO2]. The effects of elevated [CO2] are scarcely reported in fructan-accumulating plants and even less in tropical wild species storing this type of carbohydrate. In the present study, the effects of high [CO2] atmosphere was evaluated on growth, biomass allocation and fructan metabolism in Vernonia herbacea (Vell.) Rusby, an Asteraceae from the Brazilian cerrado, which accumulates inulin-type fructans in the underground organs (rhizophores). Plants were cultivated for 120 days in open-top chambers (OTCs) under ambient (~380 μmol mol–1), and elevated (~760 μmol mol–1) [CO2]. Plant growth, photosynthesis, fructan contents, and the activities of fructan metabolising enzymes were analysed in the rhizophores at Time 0 and 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. Plants under elevated [CO2] presented increases in height (40%), photosynthesis (63%) and biomass of aerial (32%) and underground (47%) organs when compared with control plants. Under elevated [CO2] plants also presented higher 1-SST, 1-FFT and invertase activities and lower 1-FEH activity. Although fructan concentration remained unchanged, fructan productivity was higher in plants maintained under elevated [CO2], due to their higher rhizophore biomass. This is the first report on the effects of elevated [CO2] on a plant species bearing underground organs that accumulate fructans. Our results indicate that plants of V. herbacea can benefit from elevated atmospheric [CO2] by increasing growth and carbon allocation for the production of inulin, and may contribute to predict a future scenario for the impact of this atmospheric condition on the herbaceous vegetation of the cerrado.

The impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 and nitrate supply on growth, biomass allocation, nitrogen partitioning and N2 fixation of Acacia melanoxylon

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Schortemeyer ◽  
Owen K. Atkin ◽  
Nola McFarlane ◽  
John R. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nitrogen Partitioning ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Acacia Melanoxylon ◽  
Nitrate Supply ◽  
The Impact

The interactive effects of nitrate supply and atmospheric CO2 concentration on growth, N2 fixation, dry matter and nitrogen partitioning in the leguminous tree Acacia melanoxylon R.Br. were studied. Seedlings were grown hydroponically in controlled-environment cabinets for 5 weeks at seven 15N-labelled nitrate levels, ranging from 3 to 6400 mmol m–3. Plants were exposed to ambient (~350 µmol mol–1) or elevated (~700 µmol mol–1) atmospheric CO2 for 6 weeks. Total plant dry mass increased strongly with nitrate supply. The proportion of nitrogen derived from air decreased with increasing nitrate supply. Plants grown under either ambient or elevated CO2 fixed the same amount of nitrogen per unit nodule dry mass (16.6 mmol N per g nodule dry mass) regardless of the nitrogen treatment. CO2 concentration had no effect on the relative contribution of N2 fixation to the nitrogen yield of plants. Plants grown with ≥50 mmol m–3 N and elevated CO2 had approximately twice the dry mass of those grown with ambient CO2 after 42 days. The rates of net CO2 assimilation under growth conditions were higher per unit leaf area for plants grown under elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 also decreased specific foliage area, due to an increase in foliage thickness and density. Dry matter partitioning between plant organs was affected by ontogeny and nitrogen status of the plants, but not by CO2 concentration. In contrast, plants grown under elevated CO2 partitioned more of their nitrogen to roots. This could be attributed to reduced nitrogen concentrations in foliage grown under elevated CO2.

scholarly journals Climate change and agroecosystems: the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature on crop growth, development, and yield

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 730-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nereu Augusto Streck
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact

The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) of the Earth´s atmosphere is increasing, which has the potential of increasing greenhouse effect and air temperature in the future. Plants respond to environment CO2 and temperature. Therefore, climate change may affect agriculture. The purpose of this paper was to review the literature about the impact of a possible increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature on crop growth, development, and yield. Increasing CO2 concentration increases crop yield once the substrate for photosynthesis and the gradient of CO2 concentration between atmosphere and leaf increase. C3 plants will benefit more than C4 plants at elevated CO2. However, if global warming will take place, an increase in temperature may offset the benefits of increasing CO2 on crop yield.

scholarly journals Effects of Atmospheric CO2 and Temperature on Wheat and Corn Susceptibility to Fusarium graminearum and Deoxynivalenol Contamination

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2582
Author(s):  
William T. Hay ◽  
Susan P. McCormick ◽  
Martha M. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Disease Damage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Toxin Accumulation

This work details the impact of atmospheric CO2 and temperature conditions on two strains of Fusarium graminearum, their disease damage, pathogen growth, mycotoxin accumulation, and production per unit fungal biomass in wheat and corn. An elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, 1000 ppm CO2, significantly increased the accumulation of deoxynivalenol in infected plants. Furthermore, growth in cool growing conditions, 20 °C/18 °C, day and night, respectively, resulted in the highest amounts of pathogen biomass and toxin accumulation in both inoculated wheat and corn. Warm temperatures, 25 °C/23 °C, day and night, respectively, suppressed pathogen growth and toxin accumulation, with reductions as great as 99% in corn. In wheat, despite reduced pathogen biomass and toxin accumulation at warm temperatures, the fungal pathogen was more aggressive with greater disease damage and toxin production per unit biomass. Disease outcomes were also pathogen strain specific, with complex interactions between host, strain, and growth conditions. However, we found that atmospheric CO2 and temperature had essentially no significant interactions, except for greatly increased deoxynivalenol accumulation in corn at cool temperatures and elevated CO2. Plants were most susceptible to disease damage at warm and cold temperatures for wheat and corn, respectively. This work helps elucidate the complex interaction between the abiotic stresses and biotic susceptibility of wheat and corn to Fusarium graminearum infection to better understand the potential impact global climate change poses to future food security.

scholarly journals Elevated CO2 Concentration Alters Photosynthetic Performances under Fluctuating Light in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2329
Author(s):  
Shun-Ling Tan ◽  
Xing Huang ◽  
Wei-Qi Li ◽  
Shi-Bao Zhang ◽  
Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Actinic Light ◽  
Fluctuating Light ◽  
Photosynthetic Performances ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentrations

In view of the current and expected future rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, we examined the effect of elevated CO2 on photoinhibition of photosystem I (PSI) under fluctuating light in Arabidopsis thaliana. At 400 ppm CO2, PSI showed a transient over-reduction within the first 30 s after transition from dark to actinic light. Under the same CO2 conditions, PSI was highly reduced after a transition from low to high light for 20 s. However, such PSI over-reduction greatly decreased when measured in 800 ppm CO2, indicating that elevated atmospheric CO2 facilitates the rapid oxidation of PSI under fluctuating light. Furthermore, after fluctuating light treatment, residual PSI activity was significantly higher in 800 ppm CO2 than in 400 ppm CO2, suggesting that elevated atmospheric CO2 mitigates PSI photoinhibition under fluctuating light. We further demonstrate that elevated CO2 does not affect PSI activity under fluctuating light via changes in non-photochemical quenching or cyclic electron transport, but rather from a rapid electron sink driven by CO2 fixation. Therefore, elevated CO2 mitigates PSI photoinhibition under fluctuating light at the acceptor rather than the donor side. Taken together, these observations indicate that elevated atmospheric CO2 can have large effects on thylakoid reactions under fluctuating light.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ELEVATED CO2 ON THE GROWTH AND PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS PRODUCTION IN HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA VAR. UKMR-2

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Aishah Mohd Ali ◽  
Che Radziah Che Mohd Zain ◽  
Jalifah Latip
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
The Impact

The impact of global climate change on plants which has been widely reported can exhibit significant changes on the growth, yield and metabolite production. Studies on the impact of elevated carbon dioxide concentration, [CO2] on plant growth and production of phenolic constituents in Hibiscus sabdariffa var. UKMR-2 has not been reported in any previous studies. This study investigated the growth quality and production of phenolic constituents of UKMR-2 under different [CO2]. The cultivation was subjected to two atmospheric [CO2]; ambient (400 µmol/mol), and elevated (800 µmol/mol). Selected parameters for growth performance were recorded throughout the plant development. UKMR-2 calyx extract was analysed for total phenolic, total anthocyanins, antioxidant activity, and evaluated based on HPLC-PDA method. The results revealed that UKMR-2 responded differently to the [CO2] treatments. The results clearly showed that exposure to elevated [CO2] increased calyx yields, production of phenolic constituents, and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, different [CO2] had significant interaction on the production of phenolic constituents, and antioxidant activity (p < 0.05), except for plant growth. The HPLC-PDA showed the presence of delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside, cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside, ascorbic acid, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid. Therefore, increased [CO2] may have significant effects on UKMR-2 to not only produce higher production yields, but also on the production of phenolic constituents with potential physiological impact to human health.

scholarly journals Frequency Versus Quantity: Phenotypic Response of Two Wheat Varieties to Water and Nitrogen Variability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia H. Cousins ◽  
Trevor P. Garnett ◽  
Amanda Rasmussen ◽  
Sacha J. Mooney ◽  
Ronald J. Smernik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDue to climate change, water availability will become increasingly variable, affecting nitrogen (N) availability. Therefore, we hypothesised watering frequency would have a greater impact on plant growth than quantity, affecting N availability, uptake and carbon allocation. We used a gravimetric platform, which measures the unit of volume per unit of time, to control soil moisture and precisely compare the impact of quantity and frequency of water under variable N levels. Two wheat genotypes (Kukri and Gladius) were used in a factorial glasshouse pot experiment, each with three N application rates (25, 75 and 150 mg N kg−1 soil) and five soil moisture regimes (changing water frequency or quantity). Previously documented drought tolerance, but high N use efficiency, of Gladius as compared to Kukri provides for potentially different responses to N and soil moisture content. Water use, biomass and soil N were measured. Both cultivars showed potential to adapt to variable watering, producing higher specific root lengths under low N coupled with reduced water and reduced watering frequency (48 h watering intervals), or wet/dry cycling. This affected mineral N uptake, with less soil N remaining under constant watering × high moisture, or 48 h watering intervals × high moisture. Soil N availability affected carbon allocation, demonstrated by both cultivars producing longer, deeper roots under low N. Reduced watering frequency decreased biomass more than reduced quantity for both cultivars. Less frequent watering had a more negative effect on plant growth compared to decreasing the quantity of water. Water variability resulted in differences in C allocation, with changes to root thickness even when root biomass remained the same across N treatments. The preferences identified in wheat for water consistency highlights an undeveloped opportunity for identifying root and shoot traits that may improve plant adaptability to moderate to extreme resource limitation, whilst potentially encouraging less water and nitrogen use.

scholarly journals Modeling Global and Regional Net Primary Production under Elevated Atmospheric CO2: On a Potential Source of Uncertainty

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha El Maayar ◽  
Navin Ramankutty ◽  
Christopher J. Kucharik
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Photosynthetic Downregulation

Abstract Terrestrial ecosystem models are built, among several reasons, to explore how the Earth’s biosphere responds to climate change and to the projected continual increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration. Many of these models adopt the Farquhar et al. approach, in which leaf carbon assimilation of C3 plants is regulated by two limitations depending on the rate of Rubisco activity and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate regeneration (RuBP). This approach was expanded upon by others to include a third limitation that expresses the occurrence, in some plant species, of a photosynthetic downregulation under high concentrations of ambient CO2. Several ecosystem models, however, constrain leaf photosynthesis using only two limitations according to the original formulation of Farquhar et al. and thus neglect the limitation that represents the downregulation of photosynthesis under elevated atmospheric CO2. In this study, the authors first reviewed the effect of elevated CO2 on photosynthesis of C3 plants, which illustrated that short-term observations are likely to considerably underestimate the number of plant species that exhibit a photosynthetic downregulation. Several recent long-term field observations have shown that such downregulation starts to be effective only after several seasons/years of plant exposure to elevated CO2. Second, an ecosystem model was used to illustrate that neglecting the photosynthetic downregulation may significantly bias predictions of net primary production of the middle and high latitudes under high atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Based on both review of field observations and results of simulations, the authors conclude that a more appropriate representation of plant physiology and choice of plant functional types may be required in ecosystem models in order to accurately simulate plant responses to changing environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Improved C4 Xero-Halophyte Kochia prostrata Physiological Performance under Saline Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Zulfira Rakhmankulova ◽  
Elena Shuyskaya ◽  
Kristina Toderich ◽  
Pavel Voronin
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Elevated Co2 Concentration ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentration

A significant increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration and associated climate aridization and soil salinity are factors affecting the growth, development, productivity, and stress responses of plants. In this study, the effect of ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (800 ppm) CO2 concentrations were evaluated on the C4 xero-halophyte Kochia prostrata treated with moderate salinity (200 mM NaCl) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress. Our results indicated that plants grown at elevated CO2 concentration had different responses to osmotic stress and salinity. The synergistic effect of elevated CO2 and osmotic stress increased proline accumulation, but elevated CO2 did not mitigate the negative effects of osmotic stress on dark respiration intensity and photosystem II (PSII) efficiency. This indicates a stressful state, which is accompanied by a decrease in the efficiency of light reactions of photosynthesis and significant dissipative respiratory losses, thereby resulting in growth inhibition. Plants grown at elevated CO2 concentration and salinity showed high Na+ and proline contents, high water-use efficiency and time required to reach the maximum P700 oxidation level (PSI), and low dark respiration. Maintaining stable water balance, the efficient functioning of cyclic transport of PSI, and the reduction of dissipation costs contributed to an increase in dry shoot biomass (2-fold, compared with salinity at 400 ppm CO2). The obtained experimental data and PCA showed that elevated CO2 concentration improved the physiological parameters of K. prostrata under salinity.

Response of extrafloral nectar production to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Fabian ◽  
Brian J. Atwell ◽  
Lesley Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Extrafloral Nectar ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Cotton Species ◽  
Balance Hypothesis ◽  
The Impact

Extrafloral nectar attracts ants, whose presence provides protection for the plant against herbivores. Extrafloral nectar is thus a critical component of many plant–insect mutualisms worldwide, so environmental perturbations that alter extrafloral nectar production or composition could be disruptive. The carbon–nutrient balance hypothesis predicts that under elevated CO2 the total volume of extrafloral nectar will increase but the proportion of the foliar carbohydrate pool secreted as extrafloral nectar will decrease, without any change in the sugar composition of the extrafloral nectar. We investigated the impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 on extrafloral nectar in an Australian wild cotton species, Gossypium sturtianum J.H.Willis. Under elevated CO2 there was an increase in the proportion of leaves actively producing nectar and a decrease in the nectar volume per active leaf. Elevated CO2 did not affect the total volume or composition of extrafloral nectar, but there was a change in how the nectar was distributed within the leaf canopy, as well as evidence of increased turnover of leaves and earlier onset of flowering. By the end of the study, there was no difference in the total resources allocated to extrafloral nectar under elevated CO2, which contrasts with the predictions of the carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis. Developmental changes, however, could affect the timing of extrafloral nectar production which could, in turn, alter the foraging patterns of ants and their defence of plants.

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