Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging as tool for understanding the impact of fungal diseases on plant performance: a phenomics perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie D. Scholes ◽  
Stephen A. Rolfe
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging is a non-invasive, non-destructive means with which to examine the impact of fungal pathogens on the photosynthetic metabolism of host plants. As such, it has great potential for screening purposes in high-throughput phenomics environments. However, there is great diversity in the responses of plants to different plant-fungal pathogens and the choice of suitable experimental conditions and protocols and interpretation of the results requires both preliminary laboratory experiments and an understanding of the biology of the specific plant-pathogen interaction. In this review, we examine the interaction between biotrophic, hemi-biotrophic and necrotrophic fungal pathogens and their hosts to illustrate the extent to which chlorophyll fluorescence imaging can be used to detect the presence of disease before the appearance of visible symptoms, distinguish between compatible and incompatible fungal interactions, identify heterogeneity in photosynthetic performance within the infected leaf and provide insights into the underlying mechanisms. The limitations and challenges of using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging in high throughput screens is discussed.

scholarly journals Infrared and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Methods for Stress Evaluation

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Michael Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Imaging Methods ◽  
Research Grade ◽  
The Cost

Infrared and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging methods are useful techniques to evaluate environmental effects on plant performance. With the advent of digital imaging and advances in sensor technology, infrared (IR) thermography has become more accurate and less expensive. Modern IR cameras can resolve 0.5 °C temperature differences and research-grade instruments can resolve 0.05 °C. This precision has allowed the physical processes of freezing and transpiration to be more accurately studied and modeled. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, although still an expensive technology, has also become sufficiently rugged to be useful in the field. The measurement of quantum efficiency, Fv/Fm, provides clear data on the effect of various environmental and biotic effects on the performance of photosynthesis in plants through the effect on photosystem II. Modern digital cameras with low signal-to-noise ratios can also image chlorophyll fluorescence using time lapse exposure. Peltier-cooled charge coupled device (CCD) cameras can measure the autoluminescence in stressed plants that is generated by reactive oxygen species. Advances in technology have reduced the cost and precision of imaging equipment to a point that they are more applicable tools to plant scientists.

Screening of growth phases of Antarctic algae and cyanobacteria cultivated on agar plates by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-181
Author(s):  
Kristýna Dufková ◽  
Miloš Barták ◽  
Jana Morkusová ◽  
Josef Elster ◽  
Josef Hájek
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Nostoc Commune ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Cultivation Time ◽  
Antarctic Algae

Recently, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging is frequently used non-invasive method to monitor the metabolic state and photosynthetic activities of vascular plants and other autotrophic organisms. In our study, we used the measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics to follow the development of culture of Antarctic algae (Macrochloris rubrioleum, Zygnema sp.) and cyanobacteria (Hassalia antarctica, Nostoc commune). On the cultures grown on agar plates, Bold´s Basal Medium (BBM), slow Kautsky kinetics supplemented with saturation pulses were measured repeatedly in a week interval. On the kinetics, typical points (OPSMT) were distinguished and species-specific and time of cultivation-dependent differences in shape of the OPSMT kinetics evaluated. We tested sensitivity of various chlorophyll fluorescence parameters to cultivation time on agar plates. In the algae, the most pronounced changes were the decrease in maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (FV/FM) and quenching of basal chlorophyll fluorescence qF0 (M. rubrioleum, Zygnema sp.). In cyanobacteria, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters did not show clear trends with the time of cultivation. F0 quenching (qF0) reached positive values in H. antarctica, while it was negative in N. commune. In both cases, however, qF0 showed an increase with cultivation time. The differences are discussed as well as the potential of the emerging area of the application of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging for evaluation of photosynthetic performance of algal/cyanobacterial cultures on agar plates.

scholarly journals High throughput procedure utilising chlorophyll fluorescence imaging to phenotype dynamic photosynthesis and photoprotection in leaves under controlled gaseous conditions

Plant Methods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna McAusland ◽  
Jonathan A. Atkinson ◽  
Tracy Lawson ◽  
Erik H. Murchie
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Dynamic Photosynthesis

Abstract Background As yields of major crops such as wheat (T. aestivum) have begun to plateau in recent years, there is growing pressure to efficiently phenotype large populations for traits associated with genetic advancement in yield. Photosynthesis encompasses a range of steady state and dynamic traits that are key targets for raising Radiation Use Efficiency (RUE), biomass production and grain yield in crops. Traditional methodologies to assess the full range of responses of photosynthesis, such a leaf gas exchange, are slow and limited to one leaf (or part of a leaf) per instrument. Due to constraints imposed by time, equipment and plant size, photosynthetic data is often collected at one or two phenological stages and in response to limited environmental conditions. Results Here we describe a high throughput procedure utilising chlorophyll fluorescence imaging to phenotype dynamic photosynthesis and photoprotection in excised leaves under controlled gaseous conditions. When measured throughout the day, no significant differences (P > 0.081) were observed between the responses of excised and intact leaves. Using excised leaves, the response of three cultivars of T. aestivum to a user—defined dynamic lighting regime was examined. Cultivar specific differences were observed for maximum PSII efficiency (Fv′/Fm′—P < 0.01) and PSII operating efficiency (Fq′/Fm′—P = 0.04) under both low and high light. In addition, the rate of induction and relaxation of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was also cultivar specific. A specialised imaging chamber was designed and built in-house to maintain gaseous conditions around excised leaf sections. The purpose of this is to manipulate electron sinks such as photorespiration. The stability of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) was monitored inside the chambers and found to be within ± 4.5% and ± 1% of the mean respectively. To test the chamber, T. aestivum ‘Pavon76’ leaf sections were measured under at 20 and 200 mmol mol−1 O2 and ambient [CO2] during a light response curve. The Fv′/Fm′was significantly higher (P < 0.05) under low [O2] for the majority of light intensities while values of NPQ and the proportion of open PSII reaction centers (qP) were significantly lower under > 130 μmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). Conclusions Here we demonstrate the development of a high-throughput (> 500 samples day−1) method for phenotyping photosynthetic and photo-protective parameters in a dynamic light environment. The technique exploits chlorophyll fluorescence imaging in a specifically designed chamber, enabling controlled gaseous environment around leaf sections. In addition, we have demonstrated that leaf sections do not different from intact plant material even > 3 h after sampling, thus enabling transportation of material of interest from the field to this laboratory based platform. The methodologies described here allow rapid, custom screening of field material for variation in photosynthetic processes.

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