Seasonal changes in optically assessed epidermal phenolic compounds and chlorophyll contents in leaves of sessile oak (Quercus petraea): towards signatures of phenological stage

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Louis ◽  
Sylvie Meyer ◽  
Florence Maunoury-Danger ◽  
Chantal Fresneau ◽  
Emmanuelle Meudec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Leaf Maturity

Seasonal patterns of dry mass invested in chlorophyll and epidermal phenolic compounds (EPhen) were investigated in vivo using optical methods, in leaves of 2-year-old oaks (Quercus petraea Matt. (Liebl.)) grown under semi-controlled conditions. The plasticity of the seasonal pattern was investigated by applying stem girdling treatment. In control young expanding leaves, leaf dry mass per area, dry mass investment in chlorophyll and abaxial EPhen content increased. In late May, at leaf maturity, these variables reached a plateau, and adaxial and abaxial EPhen contents became similar. Thereafter, as leaves aged, dry mass investment in chlorophyll gradually decreased, whereas it remained steady for EPhen. Girdling treatment impacted this seasonal pattern differently depending on the phenological stage. Treatment effects and their reversion revealed in vivo EPhen turnover. Finally, optical signatures of immature and mature leaf phenological stages with contrasting nitrogen and carbon economy were proposed, based on the relationship between the chlorophyll to EPhen ratio and the leaf nitrogen to carbon ratio.

Tree age-related effects on sun acclimated leaves in a chronosequence of beech (Fagus sylvatica) stands

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Louis ◽  
Hélène Genet ◽  
Sylvie Meyer ◽  
Kamel Soudani ◽  
Pierre Montpied ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sun Leaves

The assessment of the effect of tree age on leaves is usually limited by the difficulty of sampling sun leaves from tall ageing trees. In this study, we investigated tree age-related effects on sun leaves in a chronosequence of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands. The effects of stand age on leaf mass to area ratio (LMA), chlorophyll (Chl), epidermal polyphenols (EPhen), nitrogen and carbon contents in sun leaves were investigated in 17 even-aged stands distributed into six age classes (14–175 years old). Chl and EPhen were assessed in vivo with SPAD and Dualex portable leaf-clips respectively. Leaves were sampled by shooting and sun leaves were identified based on criteria obtained from a vertical profile of the ratio abaxial vs adaxial EPhen across the canopy. Sun leaves were characterised by a high and similar adaxial and abaxial EPhen contents, high LMA value and low mass-based Chl content. These sun leaf characteristics, together with leaf nitrogen and carbon contents, were not significantly affected by stand age. Along the chronosequence, beech trees invested a stable fraction of leaf mass into nitrogen, carbon, Chl and EPhen with decreasing leaf size, i.e. dry mass and area.

The Mechanisms Behind the Biological Activity of Flavonoids

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (39) ◽  
pp. 6976-6990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María González-Paramás ◽  
Begoña Ayuda-Durán ◽  
Sofía Martínez ◽  
Susana González-Manzano ◽  
Celestino Santos-Buelga
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
Radical Scavenging Properties

: Flavonoids are phenolic compounds widely distributed in the human diet. Their intake has been associated with a decreased risk of different diseases such as cancer, immune dysfunction or coronary heart disease. However, the knowledge about the mechanisms behind their in vivo activity is limited and still under discussion. For years, their bioactivity was associated with the direct antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of phenolic compounds, but nowadays this assumption is unlikely to explain their putative health effects, or at least to be the only explanation for them. New hypotheses about possible mechanisms have been postulated, including the influence of the interaction of polyphenols and gut microbiota and also the possibility that flavonoids or their metabolites could modify gene expression or act as potential modulators of intracellular signaling cascades. This paper reviews all these topics, from the classical view as antioxidants in the context of the Oxidative Stress theory to the most recent tendencies related with the modulation of redox signaling pathways, modification of gene expression or interactions with the intestinal microbiota. The use of C. elegans as a model organism for the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in biological activity of flavonoids is also discussed.

scholarly journals Light and CO2 Modulate the Accumulation and Localization of Phenolic Compounds in Barley Leaves

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Lena Hunt ◽  
Karel Klem ◽  
Zuzana Lhotáková ◽  
Stanislav Vosolsobě ◽  
Michal Oravec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Stress Prevention ◽  
Tolerant Variety ◽  
Barley Leaves

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) accumulates phenolic compounds (PhCs), which play a key role in plant defense against environmental stressors as antioxidants or UV screening compounds. The influence of light and atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on the accumulation and localization of PhCs in barley leaves was examined for two varieties with different tolerances to oxidative stress. PhC localization was visualized in vivo using fluorescence microscopy. Close relationships were found between fluorescence-determined localization of PhCs in barley leaves and PhC content estimated using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy detection. Light intensity had the strongest effect on the accumulation of PhCs, but the total PhC content was similar at elevated [CO2], minimizing the differences between high and low light. PhCs localized preferentially near the surfaces of leaves, but under low light, an increasing allocation of PhCs in deeper mesophyll layers was observed. The PhC profile was significantly different between barley varieties. The relatively tolerant variety accumulated significantly more hydroxycinnamic acids, indicating that these PhCs may play a more prominent role in oxidative stress prevention. Our research presents novel evidence that [CO2] modulates the accumulation of PhCs in barley leaves. Mesophyll cells, rather than epidermal cells, were most responsive to environmental stimuli in terms of PhC accumulation.

scholarly journals Multimodal Diagnostics of Microrheologic Alterations in Blood of Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetic Patients

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Anastasia Maslianitsyna ◽  
Petr Ermolinskiy ◽  
Andrei Lugovtsov ◽  
Alexandra Pigurenko ◽  
Maria Sasonko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Aggregation Index ◽  
Significant Difference

Coronary heart disease (CHD) has serious implications for human health and needs to be diagnosed as early as possible. In this article in vivo and in vitro optical methods are used to study blood properties related to the aggregation of red blood cells in patients with CHD and comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The results show not only a significant difference of the aggregation in patients compared to healthy people, but also a correspondence between in vivo and in vitro parameters. Red blood cells aggregate in CHD patients faster and more numerously; in particular the aggregation index increases by 20 ± 7%. The presence of T2DM also significantly elevates aggregation in CHD patients. This work demonstrates multimodal diagnostics and monitoring of patients with socially significant pathologies.

ANTIULCER AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS OF STEM BARK AND LEAF OF ANOGEISSUS PENDULA EDGEW

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Deeksha Singh ◽  
◽  
Amit Nayak ◽  
Rakesh Yadav ◽  
Uttam Singh Baghel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Pylorus Ligation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Anogeissus Pendula

Anogeissus pendula Edgew has been reported to be used in gastric disorder even though no attempt has been made to evaluate the same. The present study was designed to evaluate the hydroalcoholic extracts of stem bark and leaves for in vivo acute antiulcer and anti-inflammatory activities. Antiulcer activity was studied by pylorus ligation induced ulcers while anti-inflammatory activities was studied by carrageenan induced paw edema. The extract of stem bark at 200 and 400 mg/kg b. w., significantly (P<0.05) reduced ulcer index whereas extracts of both stem bark and leaves significantly (P<0.001) reduced paw diameter at the fifth hour. The hydroalcholic extract of stem bark of A. pendula possesses more significant antiulcer and anti-inflammatory activity than the hydroalcholic extract of leaves may be due to the presence of higher amount of phenolic compounds.

scholarly journals Quantifying Leaf Trait Covariations and Their Relationships with Plant Adaptation Strategies along an Aridity Gradient

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1066
Author(s):  
Yanzheng Yang ◽  
Le Kang ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Ning Qi ◽  
Ruonan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Aridity Gradient ◽  
Leaf Trait ◽  
Leaf Economic Spectrum

A trait-based approach is an effective way to quantify plant adaptation strategies in response to changing environments. Single trait variations have been well depicted before; however, multi-trait covariations and their roles in shaping plant adaptation strategies along aridity gradients remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to reveal multi-trait covariation characteristics, their controls and their relevance to plant adaptation strategies. Using eight relevant plant functional traits and multivariate statistical approaches, we found the following: (1) the eight studied traits show evident covariation characteristics and could be grouped into four functional dimensions linked to plant strategies, namely energy balance, resource acquisition, resource investment and water use efficiency; (2) leaf area (LA) together with traits related to the leaf economic spectrum, including leaf nitrogen content per area (Narea), leaf nitrogen per mass (Nmass) and leaf dry mass per area (LMA), covaried along the aridity gradient (represented by the moisture index, MI) and dominated the trait–environmental change axis; (3) together, climate, soil and family can explain 50.4% of trait covariations; thus, vegetation succession along the aridity gradient cannot be neglected in trait covariations. Our findings provide novel perspectives toward a better understanding of plant adaptations to arid conditions and serve as a reference for vegetation restoration and management programs in arid regions.

scholarly journals THE POTENTIAL OF MATURE PANDAN LEAVES AS A SOURCE OF CHLOROPHYLL FOR NATURAL FOOD COLORANTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Chatarina Lilis Suryani ◽  
◽  
Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih ◽  
Supriyadi Supriyadi ◽  
Umar Santoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Food Colorants ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Leaf Maturity ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Natural Colorants ◽  
Four Levels

Plant leaves are the primary source of natural colorants for food, mainly due to their chlorophyll content. However, the plant types and the degree of leaf maturity determine the quality and quantity of the chlorophyll. This study aimed to determine the best maturity level of pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) leaves that serves as potential source of chlorophyll for natural food colorants. Eighty three pandan plants obtained from six different farming locations in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia were used as samples. The leaves were grouped into four levels of maturity using descriptive statistics based on their morphology, anatomy, color, and chlorophyll contents. The results showed that the average number of leaves ranged from 20-24 leaves per plant (at 95% confidence interval), and 96.4% of the plant had a maximum of 24 leaves. The leaf maturity was grouped into (1) young, (2) medium, (3) mature, and (4) over mature, corresponding to leaf number 1-6, 7-12, 13-18, and 19-24, respectively. The higher the leaf maturity, the higher the chlorophyll content. However, the over mature leaves were only slightly different from the mature ones. In addition, pandan leaves have specific flavor and contain carotenoid, phenolic, and flavonoid substances. Anatomically, the mesophyll’s size was greatest in the mature leaves, while the size of chloroplast was not significantly different from medium to over mature leaves. Based on the chlorophyll content and mesophyll size, it was concluded that mature pandan leaves were the best source of chlorophyll, containing chlorophyll of 623.08 mg/100 g dry weight (DW).

scholarly journals Use of the QTL approach to the study of soybean trait relationships in two populations of recombinant inbred lines at the F7 and F8 generations

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio José Dias Vieira ◽  
Dario Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Taís Cristina Bastos Soares ◽  
Ivan Schuster ◽  
Newton Deniz Piovesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Pod Number

This work aimed to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with photosynthesis and growth and productivity traits of soybean and to study possible associations between these traits by the analysis of coincidence of QTL in linkage groups (LGs). Thus, populations of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the F7 and F8 generations derived from the cross between the varieties BARC-8 and Garimpo were used. The traits evaluated were net assimilation rate of CO2 under saturating light (Asat), potential photosynthesis rate (Pmax), leaf area (A), specific leaf area (SLA), specific leaf nitrogen (N); root (W R), nodule (W N), stem (W ST), leaf (W L), pod (W P) and plant dry mass (W T); nodule (nN), seed (n s), and pod number (nP); seed fresh mass per plant (W S), one-hundred seed fresh mass (W HS) and seed protein percentage (P%). It was possible to identify the following QTL associated with the following soybean traits: SLA, Asat, N, W R, W ST, W L, W T, W P, W HS, n s and nP, indicating that the RIL population has a great potential for mapping loci associated with quantitative traits of the soybean crop. The correlations between the soybean traits were partially confirmed by coincidence of QTL.

Isolation of hydroxytyrosol from olive leaves extract, radioiodination and investigation of bioaffinity using in vivo/in vitro methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ozkan ◽  
F. Z. Biber Muftuler ◽  
A. Yurt Kilcar ◽  
E. I. Medine ◽  
P. Unak
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Extraction And Purification

Summary It is known that medicinal plants like olive have biological activities due to their flavonoid content such as olueropein, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol etc. In current study, hydroxytrosol (HT) which is one of the major phenolic compounds in olive, olive leaves and olive oil, was isolated after methanol extraction and purification of olive leaves which are grown in the northern Anatolia region of Turkey. The isolated HT was radiolabeled with 131I (131I-HT) and the bioaffinity of this radiolabeled component of olive leaves extract was investigated by using in vivo/in vitro methods. It was found that HT could be radiolabeled with 131I in yields of 95.6±4.4% (n = 8), and in vivo studies showed that 131I-HT is taken up by urinary bladder, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, breast and prostate. Significant incorporation of activity was observed in cell lines via in vitro studies.

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