scholarly journals Functional transition in the floral receptacle of the sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera): from thermogenesis to photosynthesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E. Miller ◽  
Jennifer R. Watling ◽  
Sharon A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Sacred Lotus ◽  
Functional Transition ◽  
Floral Receptacle ◽  
Pigment Accumulation ◽  
Β Carotene

The receptacle of the sacred lotus is the main source of heat during the thermogenic stage of floral development. Following anthesis, it enlarges, greens and becomes a fully functional photosynthetic organ. We investigated development of photosynthetic traits during this unusual functional transition. There were two distinct phases of pigment accumulation in receptacles. Lutein and photoprotective xanthophyll cycle pigments accumulated first with 64 and 95% of the maximum, respectively, present before anthesis. Lutein epoxide comprised 32% of total carotenoids in yellow receptacles, but declined with development. By contrast, more than 85% of maximum total chlorophyll, β-carotene and Rubisco were produced after anthesis, and were associated with significant increases in maximum electron transport rates (ETR) and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm). Leaves and mature receptacles had similar Rubisco content and ETRs (>200 μmol m−2 s−1), although total chlorophyll and total carotenoid contents of leaves were significantly higher than those of green receptacles. Receptacle δ13C before anthesis was similar to that of leaves; consistent with leaf photosynthesis being the source of C for these tissues. In contrast, mature receptacles had significantly lower δ13C than leaves, suggesting that 14–24% of C in mature receptacles is the result of refixation of respired CO2.

scholarly journals Effects of selected agronomical factors on the content of health-promoting compounds in spaghetti squash (Cucurbita pepo L. subsp. pepo)

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Wanda Wadas ◽  
Halina Mioduszewska ◽  
Krzysztof Kalinowski
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Β Carotene

Effects of selected agronomical factors on the content of health-promoting compounds in spaghetti squash (Cucurbita pepoL. subsp.pepo)The study examined the effects of the sowing date (5, 15 and 25 May) and plant spacing (1 × 0.6 m, 1 × 0.8 m and 1 × 1 m) on the content of carotenoids and L-ascorbic acid in the fruits of two cultivars of spaghetti squash (‘Makaronowa Warszawska' and ‘Pyza’). The field experiment was carried out in central-eastern Poland. Fully mature spaghetti squash fruits were harvested from the beginning of September to the beginning of October. The content of total carotenoids and β-carotene was the greatest in the fruits of plants sown on 15 May. The sowing date did not affect the content of L-ascorbic acid. Increasing the plant spacing from 1 × 0.6 m to 1 × 1 m resulted in an increase of total carotenoid content, particularly for the spaghetti squash sown on 25 May. Plant spacing did not have a significant effect on the content of β-carotene and L-ascorbic acid. Fruits of the ‘Makaronowa Warszawska’ with light orange flesh contained more total carotenoids and β-carotene than fruits of the ‘Pyza’ with cream-coloured flesh. The content of L-ascorbic acid in the fruits of both cultivars did not differ significantly.

scholarly journals Serum Carotenoid Levels and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in US Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 121-121
Author(s):  
Buyun Liu ◽  
Shuang Rong ◽  
Yangbo Sun ◽  
Robert Wallace ◽  
Linda Snetselaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Objectives Carotenoids are bioactive compounds abundant in plant foods and they are thought to provide health benefits in decreasing the risk of chronic diseases. However, studies about serum carotenoid levels and long-term mortality were limited and the findings were controversial. This study examined the association of serum levels of total and individual carotenoids with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and cancer mortality. Methods This nationally representative cohort includes 8874 adults aged 18 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2006. Serum levels of α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, cis-β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, combined Lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene were measured. Total carotenoids were the sum of these individual carotenoids. All participants were linked to mortality data through December 31, 2015. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models with survey weights to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results During on average 10.1 years (maximum 13.1 years) of observation, 1497 deaths occurred including 363 deaths from CVD and 306 deaths from cancer. After adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and dietary and lifestyle factors, the HR (95% CI) comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of serum total carotenoid levels was 0.71 (0.58–0.88) for all-cause mortality and 0.65 (0.49–0.87) for CVD mortality. There was no significant association between serum total carotenoid levels with cancer mortality (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.55–1.17). For specific types of carotenoids, higher levels of α-Carotene, trans-β-carotene, cis-β-carotene, combined Lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene were associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality, with the adjusted HRs ranging from 0.66 to 0.83. Higher serum levels of combined Lutein/zeaxanthin and lycopene were associated with a lower risk of CVD mortality, while trans-β-carotene, cis-β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin were associated with a lower risk of cancer mortality. Conclusions In this nationally representative study, higher levels of serum total carotenoids or several specific types of carotenoids were associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. Some carotenoids were associated with a lower risk of cancer mortality. Funding Sources N/A.

scholarly journals Carotenoids in the pulp and peel of bananas from 15 cultivars in two ripening stages

Revista CERES ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Fernandes Aquino ◽  
Luiz Carlos Chamhum Salomão ◽  
Helena Maria Pinheiro-Sant’ana ◽  
Sônia Machado Rocha Ribeiro ◽  
Dalmo Lopes De Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Carotenoid Concentration ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Lutein Content ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Β Carotene

ABSTRACT The current study aims to evaluate the occurrence and concentration of carotenoids in the pulp and peel of 14 banana and one plantain cultivars in two ripening stages. We analyzed the occurrence and content of lutein, α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lycopene - by high performance liquid chromatography with UV-visible detection, the content of total carotenoids by spectrophotometry. In the unripe pulp, the ‘Ouro’ cultivar stood out with lutein concentration 13 times higher than that of the ‘Marmelo’. As for α-carotene and β-carotene, ‘Terrinha’ plantain stood out with mean concentration of 1195.30 and 1126.11 μg (100 g MF-1), respectively. Total carotenoids ranged from 159.66 to 2553.51 μg (100 g MF-1) in ‘Caipira’ and ‘Terrinha’, respectively. In the ripe pulp there was 36% increase in the lutein content in comparison to the unripe pulp and there was 7.3 and 8.5% reduction in α-carotene and β-carotene levels, respectively. The total carotenoid concentration in the ripe pulp was 17% higher than that found in the unripe pulp. The unripe peel showed lutein predominance, although ‘Terrinha’ stood out with higher α-carotene and β-carotene concentrations than those found in the other cultivars. Lutein concentration hardly changed due to fruit ripening; however, there was slight reduction in α-carotene and β-carotene concentrations.

scholarly journals 058 Variation in β-carotene and Total Carotenoid Content in Capsicum Germplasm

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 398C-398
Author(s):  
Marisa Wall ◽  
Cynthia Waddell ◽  
Paul Bosland ◽  
Stephanie Walker
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
New Mexican ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Dried Fruit ◽  
Β Carotene

The β-carotene and total carotenoid content of different Capsicum fruit types and species were analyzed using HPLC. This information is useful for breeding high carotenoid chiles (New Mexican type) for the food industry, and also provides nutritional data for the range of fruit types within the Capsicum genus. Fresh fruit from 25 accessions and dried fruit from 39 accessions were evaluated in 1996 and 1997. β-carotene levels varied from 0 to 16.6 mg/100 g fresh weight, and carotenoid levels were from 0.1 to 89.6 mg/100 g in red ripe fruit in 1996. The range of values for β-carotene was similar in 1997, but a wider range in total carotenoids (0.4 to 117.3 mg/100 g fresh weight) was observed. Fresh fruit (100 g) of the cultivars `Greenleaf Tabasco', `Pulla', `Guajillo', `NuMex Conquistador', `Ring-O-Fire', and `Thai Dragon' contained greater amounts of β-carotene than the RDA for vitamin A for the average adult. For dried Capsicum entries, New Mexican, aji, pasilla, ancho, and guajillo types had the highest levels of β-carotene. In 1996, β-carotene levels among the dried Capsicum germplasm ranged from 0 to 739.2 μg/g dry weight, and carotenoid levels were from 21.3 to 6,225.9 μg/g. Values were higher in 1997, and ranged from 23.7 to 1,198.1 μg/g dry weight for β-carotene and from 76.9 to 10,120.6 μg/g for total carotenoids. A pasilla type (C. annuum) had the highest total carotenoid content among the dried entries in both years.

Partial quantification of pigments extracted from the zooxanthellate octocoral Sinularia flexibilis at varying irradiances

Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khalesi ◽  
Packo Lamers
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Sinularia Flexibilis ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractChlorophyll-a (chl-a) and carotenoid pigments of the zooxanthellate octocoral Sinularia flexibilis were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography following exposure to three light intensities for over 30 days. From the coral fragments located at different light intensities, a total carotenoid of >41 μg g−1 dry weight, including peridinin, xanthophylls (likely diadinoxanthin + diatoxanthin), and chl-a as the most abundant pigments, with minor contents of astaxantin and β-carotene were detected. The whole content of chl-a weighed 5 μg g−1 dry weight in all coral colonies. Chl-a and carotenoids contributed 11.2% and 88.2%, respectively, to all pigments detected, and together accounted for 99.4% of the total pigments present. The highest contents of carotenoids and chl-a was observed in the coral grafts placed in an irradiance of 100 μmol quanta m−2 s−1; they showed lower ratios of total carotenoids: chl-a compared to those exposed to 400 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 after >30 days of incubation. The ratios of peridinin and xanthophylls with respect to chl-a from the colonies at 400 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 were approximately double those observed at irradiances of 100 and 200 μmol quanta m−2 s−1. Partial quantification of pigments in this study showed that the carotenoids of S. flexibilis showed a decrease at irradiances above 100 μmol quanta m−2 s−1, with the exception of an increase in β-carotene at 200 μmol quanta m−2 s−1.

scholarly journals Variation in β-Carotene and Total Carotenoid Content in Fruits of Capsicum

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 746-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa M. Wall ◽  
Cynthia A. Waddell ◽  
Paul W. Bosland
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
New Mexican ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Β Carotene

The β-carotene and total carotenoid content of either fresh or dried tissue of fruits of a total of 57 cultivars of six Capsicum species were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). β-Carotene levels in ripe fruit varied from 0 to 166 μg·g-1 fresh weight, and carotenoid levels were from 1 to 896 μg·g-1 in ripe fruit in 1996. The range of values for β-carotene was similar in 1997, but that for total carotenoids was wider (4 to 1173 μg·g-1 fresh weight). Fresh fruit of the cultivars Greenleaf Tabasco, Pulla, Guajillo, NuMex Conquistador, Ring-O-Fire, and Thai Dragon contained greater amounts of β-carotene per 100 g fresh weight than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin A for the average adult. For dried Capsicum entries, New Mexican, aji, pasilla, and ancho types had the highest levels of β-carotene. In 1996, β-carotene levels among the dried Capsicum germplasm ranged from 2 to 739 μg·g-1 dry weight, and carotenoid levels from 111 to 6226 μg·g-1. Values were higher in 1997, ranging from 24 to 1198 μg·g-1 dry weight for β-carotene and from 187 to 10,121 μg·g-1 for total carotenoids. A pasilla type (C. annuum L.) had the highest total carotenoid content among the dried entries in both years.

scholarly journals Carotenoid Content and Bioaccessibility in Commercial Maize Hybrids

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Dora Zurak ◽  
Darko Grbeša ◽  
Marija Duvnjak ◽  
Goran Kiš ◽  
Tatjana Međimurec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Animal Diet ◽  
Β Carotene

The objective of the present study was to determine the content and bioaccessibility of carotenoids in 104 maize hybrids available at the market. Lutein, zeaxanthin, α- and β-cryptoxanthin, and β-carotene were determined in whole grains and micelles produced during standardized INFOGEST digestibility analysis, and their bioaccessibility was calculated as the ratio of micellar and grain carotenoids. Tested hybrids varied in total carotenoid content, with 34% having total carotenoid content in the range of 15–20 µg/g dry matter (DM) and 41% in the range of 20–25 µg/g DM. The amount of bioaccessible carotenoids increased linearly (p < 0.05) with increasing content in the grain, and decreased among determined carotenoidsd in the order: lutein (52%) > zeaxanthin (43%) > β-carotene (43%) > α-cryptoxanthin (27%) > β-cryptoxanthin (26%). Bioaccessibility of lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-carotene decreased with increasing content in the grain (p < 0.05). On average, only 43% of the total carotenoids were bioaccessible in commercial maize hybrids tested, which should be considered when formulating an animal diet.

scholarly journals Retention of total carotenoid and β-carotene in yellow sweet cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) after domestic cooking

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 15788 ◽  
Author(s):  
LuciaM. J. Carvalho ◽  
AlcidesR. G. Oliveira ◽  
RonoelL. O. Godoy ◽  
Sidney Pacheco ◽  
MaríliaR. Nutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Sweet Cassava

scholarly journals Associations between antioxidants and all-cause mortality among US adults with obstructive lung function

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 1662-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl S. Ford ◽  
Chaoyang Li ◽  
Timothy J. Cunningham ◽  
Janet B. Croft
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Β Carotene

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterised by oxidative stress, but little is known about the associations between antioxidant status and all-cause mortality in adults with this disease. The objective of the present study was to examine the prospective associations between concentrations of α- and β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene, Se, vitamin C and α-tocopherol and all-cause mortality among US adults with obstructive lung function. Data collected from 1492 adults aged 20–79 years with obstructive lung function in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988–94) were used. Through 2006, 629 deaths were identified during a median follow-up period of 14 years. After adjustment for demographic variables, the concentrations of the following antioxidants modelled as continuous variables were found to be inversely associated with all-cause mortality among adults with obstructive lung function: α-carotene (P= 0·037); β-carotene (P= 0·022); cryptoxanthin (P= 0·022); lutein/zeaxanthin (P= 0·004); total carotenoids (P= 0·001); vitamin C (P< 0·001). In maximally adjusted models, only the concentrations of lycopene (P= 0·013) and vitamin C (P= 0·046) were found to be significantly and inversely associated with all-cause mortality. No effect modification by sex was detected, but the association between lutein/zeaxanthin concentrations and all-cause mortality varied by smoking status (Pinteraction= 0·048). The concentrations of lycopene and vitamin C were inversely associated with all-cause mortality in this cohort of adults with obstructive lung function.

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