Shoot δ15N gives a better indication than ion concentration or Δ13C of genotypic differences in the response of durum wheat to salinity

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salima Yousfi ◽  
Maria Dolores Serret ◽  
José Luis Araus
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
K Concentration

We compared the performance of different physiological traits that reveal genotypic variations in tolerance to salinity in durum wheat. A set of 114 genotypes was grown in hydroponics for over 3 months. Three conditions: control, moderate (12 dS m−1) and severe (17 dS m−1) salinity, were maintained for nearly 8 weeks before harvest. The genotype biomass in control conditions correlated with the biomass at the two salinity levels. Subsequently, two subsets of 10 genotypes each were selected on the basis of extreme differences in biomass at the two salinity levels while showing relatively similar biomass in control conditions. Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C), nitrogen isotope composition (δ15N), and the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and several ions (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+) were analysed in the two subsets for the three treatments. At 12 dS m−1, K+ concentration, K+/Na+ ratio, Δ13C and δ15N correlated positively and Na+ correlated negatively with shoot biomass. Under control conditions and at 17 dS m−1 no correlation was observed. However, the trait that correlated best with genotypic differences in biomass was δ15N at 12 dS m−1. This trait was the first variable chosen at each of the two salinity levels in a stepwise analysis. We consider the possible mechanisms relating δ15N to biomass and the use of this isotopic signature as a selection trait.

Stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) composition of particulate organic matter, nutrients and dissolved organic matter during spring ice retreat at Terra Nova Bay

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Cozzi ◽  
Carolina Cantoni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
Fast Ice ◽  
Terra Nova

AbstractConcentration and isotope composition of particulate organic matter were analysed from five coastal sites on the annual fast ice and in the underlying water column at Terra Nova Bay. The highest increases of POC (< 2767 μM C) and PON (< 420 μM N) were reached in bottom ice and the unconsolidated platelet layer, linked with a large accumulation of nutrients and dissolved organic matter. Isotope POM composition in ice habitats was highly varied (δ13CPOC: -30.7 to -15.0‰, δ15NPON: 1.8–9.9‰). Constant negative δ13CPOC (> -29.3‰) and positive δ15NPON (< 9.4‰) values characterized the upper ice horizons, indicating the prevalence of aged detritus in these assemblages. By contrast, isotope composition (δ13CPOC: -15.0 to -29.7‰, δ15NPON: 1.8–9.6‰) and POC/PON ratios (6.2–12.6) changed markedly in bottom ice and interstitial water, even on short time scales, because of the combined effects of internal growth and mixing among freshly produced biomass. Sea ice breakout caused a large settling of particulates in the water column. It changed δ13CPOC (from 7.9 to 1.8‰) and δ15NPON (7.9–1.8‰) values in suspended particulate matter, indicating that inputs from fast ice strongly affect the isotopic signature of the particulate assemblage Antarctic coastal waters.

scholarly journals Stable C and N Isotope Composition of European Anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus, from the Marmara Sea and the Black Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1087-1091
Author(s):  
Tanju Mutlu
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
European Anchovy ◽  
Engraulis Encrasicolus ◽  
European Anchovy Engraulis Encrasicolus

The aim of this study is to determine the stable isotope ratios of anchovy caught in the Black Sea and Marmara Sea. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N) of European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) were estimated at four sampling sites (İğneada, İstanbul, Trabzon and Hopa) in the Black Sea and Marmara Sea (Turkey). δ13C and δ15N values of European anchovy ranged from -22.31 to -19.19 ‰ and from 3.81 to 12.79 ‰, while C/N ratios ranged from 2.01 to 6.21 in muscle tissue of European anchovy, respectively. İğneada station had more depleted δ13C values and more enriched δ15N values than other stations. This difference might be due to the terrestrial input and agricultural activities in this region.

Effect of sodium exclusion trait on chlorophyll retention and growth of durum wheat in saline soil

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shazia Husain ◽  
Rana Munns ◽  
A. G. (Tony) Condon
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Sodium Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sodium Exclusion ◽  
Chlorophyll Retention

Six durum wheat genotypes with contrasting extents of sodium accumulation in leaves were used to assess the effects of sodium exclusion on leaf longevity and biomass production in saline soil. Leaf chlorophyll content, ion concentration, plant height, and dry biomass were measured at 3 salinity levels (1, 75, and 150 mM NaCl, with supplemental Ca2+). Yield and yield components were measured on 2 contrasting groups of genotypes. The low Na+ genotypes showed much longer chlorophyll retention than the high Na+ genotypes, the start of leaf senescence being prolonged by a week or more in the low Na+ genotypes. The difference was greatest at 75 mM NaCl. At ear emergence, the effects of salinity on biomass were less on the low Na+ than on the high Na+ genotypes at 75 mM NaCl, but there was no difference between groups at 150 mM NaCl. At maturity, salinity had a similar effect on biomass of both genotypes, at both 75 and 150 mM NaCl. Grain yield at 150 mM NaCl was equally reduced in both genotypes, being only 12% of controls. However, at 75 mM NaCl there was a signficant yield difference between genotypes; yield of the high Na+ genotype was only 70% of controls, whereas yield of the low Na+ genotype was 88% of controls. The greater yield of the low Na+ genotype was due to enhanced grain number and grain weight in the tiller ears.

scholarly journals Seasonal paleoecological records from antler collagen δ13C and δ15N

Paleobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Rachel Schwartz-Narbonne ◽  
Tessa Plint ◽  
Elizabeth Hall ◽  
Grant Zazula ◽  
Fred J. Longstaffe
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Discrimination Factors

Abstract Cervids living in high latitudes have evolved to thrive in ecosystems that experience dramatic seasonal changes. Understanding these seasonal adaptations is important for reconstructing cervid life histories, ecosystem dynamics, and responses in the distant and not-so-distant past to changing seasonality caused by climate change. Cervid antlers provide a rare opportunity for insight into faunal seasonal ecology, as they are grown and shed each year. Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen measured directly from antlers have the potential to provide seasonal dietary data for individuals. If the isotopic signals in bone and antler are controlled by the same metabolic processes, then the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of collagen (δ13CColl and δ15NColl) from incrementally grown antler tissue provide time-constrained dietary signals from the spring and summer growth season. Bone, by comparison, provides an average signal over several years. The amino acid (glutamate and phenylalanine) δ15N in antlers from modern captive caribou showed similar trophic discrimination factors to earlier results for other collagenous tissues (bone, tooth dentin, and cementum). Hence, growth rate was not the primary control on the stable isotope composition of antler collagen. We applied this knowledge to assess seasonal shifts in Quaternary fossils of three Cervidae species: elk (Cervus elaphus), moose (Alces alces), and caribou (Rangifer tarandus). Paired antler–bone δ13CColl and δ15NColl from the same individual were used to identify differences between summer and annual diet and ecology. Intra-antler isotopic variability from serially sampled antlers was used to examine seasonal dietary shifts and specialization.

Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Composition of the Wood of Pinus sylvestris, Betula pendula and Populus tremula

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 819-824
Author(s):  
P. Yu. Voronin ◽  
V. A. Mukhin ◽  
T. A. Velivetskaya ◽  
A. V. Ignatiev ◽  
Vl. V. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope Composition

scholarly journals DNA Aptamer Functionalized Hydrogels for Interferometric Fiber-Optic Based Continuous Monitoring of Potassium Ions

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Nataša Žuržul ◽  
Bjørn Torger Stokke
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Transition ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Dna Aptamer ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Hydrogel Matrix ◽  
K Concentration

In the present paper, we describe a potassium sensor based on DNA-aptamer functionalized hydrogel, that is capable of continuous label-free potassium ion (K+) monitoring with potential for in situ application. A hydrogel attached to the end of an optical fiber is designed with di-oligonucleotides grafted to the polymer network that may serve as network junctions in addition to the covalent crosslinks. Specific affinity toward K+ is based on exploiting a particular aptamer that exhibits conformational transition from single-stranded DNA to G-quadruplex formed by the di-oligonucleotide in the presence of K+. Integration of this aptamer into the hydrogel transforms the K+ specific conformational transition to a K+ concentration dependent deswelling of the hydrogel. High-resolution interferometry monitors changes in extent of swelling at 1 Hz and 2 nm resolution for the hydrogel matrix of 50 µm. The developed hydrogel-based biosensor displayed high selectivity for K+ ions in the concentration range up to 10 mM, in the presence of physiological concentrations of Na+. Additionally, the concentration dependent and selective K+ detection demonstrated in the artificial blood buffer environment, both at room and physiological temperatures, suggests substantial potential for practical applications such as monitoring of potassium ion concentration in blood levels in intensive care medicine.

scholarly journals Nitrogen isotope effects can be used to diagnose N transformations in wastewater anammox systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Magyar ◽  
Damian Hausherr ◽  
Robert Niederdorfer ◽  
Nicolas Stöcklin ◽  
Jing Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Effect ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Inverse Isotope Effect

AbstractAnaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) plays an important role in aquatic systems as a sink of bioavailable nitrogen (N), and in engineered processes by removing ammonium from wastewater. The isotope effects anammox imparts in the N isotope signatures (15N/14N) of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate can be used to estimate its role in environmental settings, to describe physiological and ecological variations in the anammox process, and possibly to optimize anammox-based wastewater treatment. We measured the stable N-isotope composition of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate in wastewater cultivations of anammox bacteria. We find that the N isotope enrichment factor 15ε for the reduction of nitrite to N2 is consistent across all experimental conditions (13.5‰ ± 3.7‰), suggesting it reflects the composition of the anammox bacteria community. Values of 15ε for the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate (inverse isotope effect, − 16 to − 43‰) and for the reduction of ammonium to N2 (normal isotope effect, 19–32‰) are more variable, and likely controlled by experimental conditions. We argue that the variations in the isotope effects can be tied to the metabolism and physiology of anammox bacteria, and that the broad range of isotope effects observed for anammox introduces complications for analyzing N-isotope mass balances in natural systems.

scholarly journals Wine origin authentication linked to terroir – wine fingerprint

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 02033
Author(s):  
B. Gabel
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Mineral Phases

Global wine and alcohol trade faces a serious economic problem linked to counterfeiting of these commodities. Recently applied authentication methods and techniques pose more difficulties for counterfeiters but they are apparently not effective once we consider economical losses identified by EU legal authorities. The presented solution links isotopic characteristics of the soil, plant, technological intermediate product and the final food product (wine, grapes) on the basis of 87Sr/86Sr isotopes ratios. For the isotopic signature of wines, the average isotope composition of the substrate cannot be a reliable indicator. Only the isotopic composition of pore water can, as it leaches various mineral phases at different stages and passes into vine root system. Instead of complicated sampling of pore water, an original method of preparing and processing soil samples and consequently must & wine samples was developed. Based on both, soil and biological material analysis, we can unquestionably determine not only geographical but also regional and local authenticity of the wine. Determination of red wines isotopic signature is more straightforward process in comparison to white wines, because of technologically different processing of grapes. That is the reason why, in case of white vines, the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of bentonites (natural purifier and absorbent useful in the process of winemaking) must also be taken into consideration. Results of analyses of Slovak wines from geographically diverse regions as well as from sites in close-by distances have clearly established reliability of presented concept, in which the soil is linked to the plant and to the final food product (wine or table grapes).

Bone nitrogen isotope composition and climate

Nature ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 325 (6101) ◽  
pp. 201-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
STANLEY H. AMBROSE ◽  
MICHAEL J. DENIRO
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope Composition
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