Erratum to: A seed coat cyanohydrin glucosyltransferase is associated with bitterness in almond (Prunus dulcis) kernels

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia K. Franks ◽  
Abbas Yadollahi ◽  
Michelle G. Wirthensohn ◽  
Jennifer R. Guerin ◽  
Brent N. Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Important Site

The secondary metabolite amygdalin is a cyanogenic diglucoside that at high concentrations is associated with intense bitterness in seeds of the Rosaceae, including kernels of almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.), syn. Prunus amygdalus D. A. Webb Batsch). Amygdalin is a glucoside of prunasin, itself a glucoside of R-mandelonitrile (a cyanohydrin). Here we report the isolation of an almond enzyme (UGT85A19) that stereo-selectively glucosylates R-mandelonitrile to produce prunasin. In a survey of developing kernels from seven bitter and 11 non-bitter genotypes with polyclonal antibody raised to UGT85A19, the enzyme was found to accumulate to higher levels in the bitter types in later development. This differential accumulation of UGT85A19 is associated with more than three-fold greater mandelonitrile glucosyltransferase activity in bitter kernels compared with non-bitter types, and transcriptional regulation was demonstrated using quantitative-PCR analysis. UGT85A19 and its encoding transcript were most concentrated in the testa (seed coat) of the kernel compared with the embryo, and prunasin and amygdalin were differentially compartmentalised in these tissues. Prunasin was confined to the testa and amygdalin was confined to the embryo. These results are consistent with the seed coat being an important site of synthesis of prunasin as a precursor of amygdalin accumulation in the kernel. The presence of UGT85A19 in the kernel and other tissues of both bitter and non-bitter types indicates that its expression is unlikely to be a control point for amygdalin accumulation and suggests additional roles for the enzyme in almond metabolism.

A seed coat cyanohydrin glucosyltransferase is associated with bitterness in almond (Prunus dulcis) kernels

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia K. Franks ◽  
Abbas Yadollahi ◽  
Michelle G. Wirthensohn ◽  
Jennifer R. Guerin ◽  
Brent N. Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Important Site

The secondary metabolite amygdalin is a cyanogenic diglucoside that at high concentrations is associated with intense bitterness in seeds of the Rosaceae, including kernels of almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.), syn. Prunus amygdalus D. A. Webb Batsch). Amygdalin is a glucoside of prunasin, itself a glucoside of R-mandelonitrile (a cyanohydrin). Here we report the isolation of an almond enzyme (UGT85A19) that stereo-selectively glucosylates R-mandelonitrile to produce prunasin. In a survey of developing kernels from seven bitter and 11 non-bitter genotypes with polyclonal antibody raised to UGT85A19, the enzyme was found to accumulate to higher levels in the bitter types in later development. This differential accumulation of UGT85A19 is associated with more than three-fold greater mandelonitrile glucosyltransferase activity in bitter kernels compared with non-bitter types, and transcriptional regulation was demonstrated using quantitative-PCR analysis. UGT85A19 and its encoding transcript were most concentrated in the testa (seed coat) of the kernel compared with the embryo, and prunasin and amygdalin were differentially compartmentalised in these tissues. Prunasin was confined to the testa and amygdalin was confined to the embryo. These results are consistent with the seed coat being an important site of synthesis of prunasin as a precursor of amygdalin accumulation in the kernel. The presence of UGT85A19 in the kernel and other tissues of both bitter and non-bitter types indicates that its expression is unlikely to be a control point for amygdalin accumulation and suggests additional roles for the enzyme in almond metabolism.

scholarly journals Transcriptional regulation of phospholipid biosynthesis is linked to fatty acid metabolism by an acyl-CoA-binding-protein-dependent mechanism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2007 ◽  
Vol 407 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Feddersen ◽  
Thomas B. F. Neergaard ◽  
Jens Knudsen ◽  
Nils J. Færgeman
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Glycerol Metabolism ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Phospholipid Biosynthesis ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
High Concentrations

In the present study, we have used DNA microarray and quantitative real-time PCR analysis to examine the transcriptional changes that occur in response to cellular depletion of the yeast acyl-CoA-binding protein, Acb1p. Depletion of Acb1p resulted in the differential expression of genes encoding proteins involved in fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis (e.g. FAS1, FAS2, ACC1, OLE1, INO1 and OPI3), glycolysis and glycerol metabolism (e.g. GPD1 and TDH1), ion transport and uptake (e.g. ITR1 and HNM1) and stress response (e.g. HSP12, DDR2 and CTT1). In the present study, we show that transcription of the INO1 gene, which encodes inositol-3-phosphate synthase, cannot be fully repressed by inositol and choline, and UASINO1 (inositol-sensitive upstream activating sequence)-driven transcription is enhanced in Acb1p-depleted cells. In addition, the reduction in inositol-mediated repression of INO1 transcription observed after depletion of Acb1p appeared to be independent of the transcriptional repressor, Opi1p. We also demonstrated that INO1 and OPI3 expression can be normalized in Acb1p-depleted cells by the addition of high concentrations of exogenous fatty acids, or by the overexpression of FAS1 or ACC1. Together, these findings revealed an Acb1p-dependent connection between fatty acid metabolism and transcriptional regulation of phospholipid biosynthesis in yeast. Finally, expression of an Acb1p mutant which is unable to bind acyl-CoA esters could not normalize the transcriptional changes caused by Acb1p depletion. This strongly implied that gene expression is modulated either by the Acb1p–acyl-CoA ester complex directly or by its ability to donate acyl-CoA esters to utilizing systems.

Investigation of the effect of Prunus Amygdalus Amara on the expression of some genes of apoptosis and immortality in breast cancer cells (MCF-7)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Abdolahi-Majd ◽  
Gholamhossein Hassanshahi ◽  
Mahboubeh Vatanparast ◽  
Mojgan Noroozi Karimabad
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
Mcf7 Cells ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Bitter Almond ◽  
Mcf 7

Background: Anti-cancer effects of almond nuts or oil have been approved, but there are a few pieces of research that have evaluated, in detail, almond and other seeds' effects on cancer. Therefore, in the present project, the aim was to explore the regulatory effect of the bitter almond extract (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) on the apoptotic and anti-cancer potency of MCF-7 cells. Objectives: In the current experimental research, the Almond effect on MCF7 cells was evaluated by investigating the expression and the balance between Bcl-2, Bax genes to unmark the potential molecular mechanism. Methods: For 24 and 48h, the MCF7 cells were treated with the bitter almond extract (187.5-3000 µg/mL). MTT assay was used to assess the viability, and Real-time-PCR was applied to determine the expression of Bax and Bcl-2, facing β-actin. Results: Our results revealed a significant difference between different extract concentrations on the viability of MCF7 cell lines in 24 and 48 h; cell viability decreased time-dependently (P < 0.05). After 24 and 48h of extract facing MCF7 cells, the evaluated IC50 value was 3000 and 1500 µg/mL, respectively. Based on Real Time-PCR analysis, after 24 and 48 h, the mRNA levels of BCL-2 decreased by the extract, whereas BAX was in the MCF-7 cell line. Conclusion: From the results, it can be concluded that bitter almond extract has anti-cancer properties that may influence the apoptotic pathways by regulating relative gene expression.

Computational and functional analysis of β-lactam resistance in Zymomonas mobilis

Biologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheik Sheik Abdul Kader ◽  
Mahalakshmi Ayyasamy ◽  
Rajnish Narayanan ◽  
Sridhar Jayavel ◽  
Gunasekaran Paramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Zymomonas Mobilis ◽  
Homology Modelling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Aliphatic Index ◽  
High Concentrations

AbstractZymomonas mobilis, a Gram-negative ethanologenic non-pathogenic bacterium, is reported to exhibit resistance to high concentrations of β-lactam antibiotics. In the present study, Z. mobilis was found to be resistant to I-IV generations of cephalosporins and carbapenems, i.e. narrow, broad and extended spectrum β-lactam antibiotics. We have analysed the genome of Z. mobilis (GenBank accession No.: NC 006526) harbouring multiple genes coding for β-lactamases (BLA), β-lactamase domain containing proteins (BDP) and penicillin binding proteins (PBP). The conserved domain database analysis of BDPs predicted them to be members of metallo β-lactamase superfamily. Further, class C specific multidomain AmpC (β-lactamase C) was found in the three β-lactamases. The β-lactam resistance determinants motifs, HXHXD, KXG, SXXK, SXN, and YXN are present in the BLAs, BDPs and PBPs of Z. mobilis. The predicted theoretical pI and aliphatic index values suggested their stability. One of the PBPs, PBP2, was predicted to share functional association with rod shape determining proteins (GenBank accession Nos. YP_162095 and YP_162091). Homology modelling of three dimensional structures of the β-lactam resistance determinants and further docking studies with penicillin and other β-lactam antibiotics indicated their substrate-specificity. Semi-quantitative PCR analysis indicated that the expression of all BLAs and one BDP are induced by penicillin. Disk diffusion assay, SDS-PAGE and zymogram analysis confirms the substrate specificity of the β-lactam resistance determinants. This study gives a broader picture of the β-lactam resistance determinants of a non-pathogenic ethanologenic Z. mobilis bacterium that could have implications in laboratories since it is routinely used in many research laboratories in the world for ethanol, fructooligosaccharides, levan production and has also been reported to be present in wine and beer as a spoilage organism.

scholarly journals Using cryo-EM to uncover mechanisms of bacterial transcriptional regulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Wood ◽  
Renwick C.J. Dobson ◽  
Christopher R. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Structural Investigations ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transcription Complexes ◽  
The Impact

Transcription is the principal control point for bacterial gene expression, and it enables a global cellular response to an intracellular or environmental trigger. Transcriptional regulation is orchestrated by transcription factors, which activate or repress transcription of target genes by modulating the activity of RNA polymerase. Dissecting the nature and precise choreography of these interactions is essential for developing a molecular understanding of transcriptional regulation. While the contribution of X-ray crystallography has been invaluable, the ‘resolution revolution’ of cryo-electron microscopy has transformed our structural investigations, enabling large, dynamic and often transient transcription complexes to be resolved that in many cases had resisted crystallisation. In this review, we highlight the impact cryo-electron microscopy has had in gaining a deeper understanding of transcriptional regulation in bacteria. We also provide readers working within the field with an overview of the recent innovations available for cryo-electron microscopy sample preparation and image reconstruction of transcription complexes.

scholarly journals Suppression of Canola (Brassica napus) Resistance by Virulent Isolates of Plasmodiophora brassicae (Clubroot) During Primary Infection

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-437
Author(s):  
Junye Jiang ◽  
Rudolph Fredua-Agyeman ◽  
Stephen E. Strelkov ◽  
Sheau-Fang Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Positive Controls

The planting of clubroot resistant (CR) canola (Brassica napus) is the most effective method to manage clubroot. Since 2013, many Plasmodiophora brassicae isolates capable of overcoming resistance have been detected, often in mixtures with avirulent isolates. To improve understanding of the effect of low concentrations of virulent isolates on host resistance, three CR canola cultivars (45H29, L135C, and L241C) were inoculated with pairs of isolates representing virulent/avirulent pathotypes (2*/2, 3*/3, and 5*/5) collected after or before the introduction of CR canola, respectively. Seven-day-old seedlings of each cultivar were incubated for 2 days in low concentrations (1 × 103 spores/ml) of the virulent isolates, followed by a second inoculation with a high concentration (1 × 107 spores/ml) of the avirulent isolates. Positive controls comprised seedlings inoculated with low concentrations of the virulent isolates followed by high concentrations of the virulent isolates (PC1) or only with high concentrations of virulent isolates (PC2). Negative controls comprised seedlings inoculated only with high concentrations of the avirulent isolates (NC1) or only with low concentrations of the virulent isolates (NC2). Clubroot severity was significantly higher in all nine experimental treatments (low virulent plus high avirulent) than in the negative control NC1 (high avirulent) but was lower in the experimental treatments than in the positive controls (PC1 and PC2). Low concentrations of virulent isolates alone (NC2) caused moderate clubroot. Disease severity correlated well with P. brassicae biomass in canola as determined by quantitative PCR analysis 28 to 35 days after inoculation. This study revealed that low concentrations of virulent isolates compromised canola resistance for infection by avirulent isolates.

Multiplex Quantitative PCR Analysis of Strawberries from Bogotá, Colombia, for Contamination with Three Parasites

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 1679-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROLINA ORTIZ PINEDA ◽  
TAMIRAT TEFERA TEMESGEN ◽  
LUCY J. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Detergent Solution ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Critical Control Point

ABSTRACT Berries are potential vehicles for the transmission of parasites and have been implicated in illness outbreaks in various countries around the world, particularly in the United States. Although data on contamination of fresh produce with foodborne parasites have been obtained from various global regions, data from Colombia are lacking even though South American countries are major producers of fresh produce, which is both consumed nationally and exported. In this study, we used a previously published multiplex quantitative PCR approach to investigate contamination of strawberries purchased in either supermarkets or local markets in 20 localities. Strawberries were washed in a detergent solution after purchase, and the eluate was concentrated and sent to Norway for molecular analysis. Of the 120 strawberry samples analyzed, wash eluate from 6 samples (5%) tested positive for Toxoplasma gondii DNA, and 1 sample (0.83%) was positive for Cyclospora cayetanensis DNA. These results indicate that strawberries for sale in Bogotá, Colombia, may be contaminated with T. gondii and C. cayetanensis and, therefore, could act as transmission vehicles for these parasites. These data also indicate that cat and human fecal contamination of the strawberries has occurred at some point in their production, transportation, or storage. These findings highlight the need for a hazard analysis critical control point investigation of the strawberry production chain and implementation of measures to reduce the risk of strawberry contamination, thereby minimizing the risk of transmission of parasitic infection via these fruits, which are usually consumed raw. HIGHLIGHTS

Taphrina deformans. [Distribution map].

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
New South ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Taphrina deformans (Berk.) Tul. Hosts: Peach and nectarine (Prunus persica), almond (Prunus amygdalus[Prunus dulcis]). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Algeria, Angola, Canary Islands, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Morocco, Mozambique, Reunion, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Asia, Afghanistan, China, India, Assam, Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea, Laos, Lebanon, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Tibet, Turkey, USSR, Alma-Ata, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kirgizia, Russian Far East, N, Caucasus, Crimea, Krasnodar, Ukraine, Yemen Republic, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Europe, Austria, Belgium, Britain & Northern Ireland, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Crete, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, Jersey, Malta, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, North America, Canada, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Alaska, New Brunswick, Mexico, USA, Central America & West Indies, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, South America, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Pseudomonas amygdali. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
Crack Open ◽  
Pseudomonas Amygdali

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas amygdali. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Prunus amygdalus[Prunus dulcis]. Other stone fruits have been inoculated without success. DISEASE: Bacteriosis of almond. Perennial cankers are formed on branches and twigs, usually at leaf scars. They begin as swellings of the bark that crack open and become surrounded by swollen and darkened cortical tissue. They remain actively growing all the year round, reaching 3-5 cm long in 2 years and eventually up to 15-20 cm. If a branch is girdled by canker the part above dies. Buds near the cankers often fail to open in the spring and as the disease progresses trees steadily decline. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Greece (Crete), Turkey (55, 324). TRANSMISSION: This has not yet been reported, but as cankers are usually sited at leaf scars it seems likely that bacteria are carried to these scars in wet conditions at, or soon after, leaf fall.

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