Evaluation of the differential osmotic adjustments between roots and leaves of maize seedlings with single or combined NPK-nutrient supply

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Studer ◽  
Yuncai Hu ◽  
Urs Schmidhalter
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Turgor Maintenance

Many physiological mechanisms associated with nutrient supply have been implicated as improving plant growth under drought conditions. However, benefits to plant growth under drought might derive from an increased recovery of soil water through osmotic adjustment in the shoots and especially in the roots. Thus, experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of the nutrients N, P and K applied singly or in combination, on the osmotic adjustment and turgor maintenance in the roots and leaves of maize seedlings. The seedlings were harvested between 18 and 37 days after sowing according to the soil matric threshold potentials. Soil matric potentials and shoot and root biomass were determined at harvest. Turgor pressure and osmotic adjustment of the leaves and roots were estimated by measurements of their water and osmotic potentials. Results showed that plants with either of the combined fertilisation treatments NPK or NP grew faster at a given level of drought stress than those with no fertilisation, N, P or K applied individually or the combined nutrient treatments PK and NK. Among the fertiliser applications with either a single or two combined nutrients, plants treated with any of N, P or NP grew faster than those with either K or NK. The association between the interactive effects of nutrients and drought stress on the osmotic adjustment and turgor maintenance in roots may partially explain the role of nutrients in drought tolerance of maize seedlings. In particular, the roots exhibited a higher osmotic adjustment than the leaves for all nutrient treatments, suggesting that shoot growth shows a higher sensitivity to water deficit compared to root growth. We conclude that the maintained turgor of roots under drought stress obtained with an optimal nutrient supply results in better root growth and apparently promotes overall plant growth, suggesting that osmotic adjustment is an adaptation not only for surviving stress, but also for growth under such conditions.

scholarly journals Calcium Application Enhances Drought Stress Tolerance in Sugar Beet and Promotes Plant Biomass and Beetroot Sucrose Concentration

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Abdollah Hosseini ◽  
Elise Réthoré ◽  
Sylvain Pluchon ◽  
Nusrat Ali ◽  
Bastien Billiot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance

Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential of sugar beet to lose the final sugar yield under water limiting regime. Ample evidences have revealed the important role of mineral nutrition in increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. Despite the vital role of calcium (Ca2+) in plant growth and development, as well as in stress responses as an intracellular messenger, its role in alleviating drought stress in sugar beet has been rarely addressed. Here, an attempt was undertaken to investigate whether, and to what extent, foliar application of Ca2+ confers drought stress tolerance in sugar beet plants exposed to drought stress. To achieve this goal, sugar beet plants, which were grown in a high throughput phenotyping platform, were sprayed with Ca2+ and submitted to drought stress. The results showed that foliar application of Ca2+ increased the level of magnesium and silicon in the leaves, promoted plant growth, height, and leaf coverage area as well as chlorophyll level. Ca2+, in turn, increased the carbohydrate levels in leaves under drought condition and regulated transcriptionally the genes involved in sucrose transport (BvSUC3 and BvTST3). Subsequently, Ca2+ enhanced the root biomass and simultaneously led to induction of root (BvSUC3 and BvTST1) sucrose transporters which eventually supported the loading of more sucrose into beetroot under drought stress. Metabolite analysis revealed that the beneficial effect of Ca2+ in tolerance to drought induced-oxidative stress is most likely mediated by higher glutathione pools, increased levels of free polyamine putrescine (Put), and lower levels of amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Taken together, this work demonstrates that foliar application of Ca2+ is a promising fertilization strategy to improve mineral nutrition efficiency, sugar metabolism, redox state, and thus, drought stress tolerance.

Interactive effects of salinity and nitrogen forms on plant growth, photosynthesis and osmotic adjustment in maize

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamel Hessini ◽  
Khawla Issaoui ◽  
Selma Ferchichi ◽  
Tarek Saif ◽  
Chedly Abdelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Forms

Interactive Effects of Salt and Drought Stresses on Seed Germination of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus in Northwest China

2014 ◽  
Vol 614 ◽  
pp. 653-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Xue Shen ◽  
Min Wei Chai ◽  
Rui Li Li ◽  
Guo Yu Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Ammopiptanthus Mongolicus ◽  
Salt And Drought Stresses

A study quantifying the role of the interactive effects of salt and drought stresses, generally co-occurred in deserts, on seed germination in Ammopiptanthus mongolicus was conducted in a constant temperature incubator. The experiment consisted of seven levels of salinity stress (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5 and 1.8% NaCl) as well as six drought stress levels (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.8, -1.6 and-2.0 MPa PEG). Accordant to our expectations, the interactive effects of salinity and drought stresses were additive on seed germination percentages, germination rate, and germination energy; significant decreases were seen in all of them in response to increases in salt and/or drought stresses. Furthermore, regression coefficients of salinity (β1) were higher than drought (β2), indicating that salinity was the first factor, and drought was secondary for salt and drought mixed stresses.

scholarly journals Effects of Abscisic Acid on Drought Responses of Kentucky Bluegrass

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaolong Wang ◽  
Bingru Huang ◽  
Qingzhang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Turf Quality

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important hormone regulating plant response to drought stress. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of exogenous ABA application on turf performance and physiological activities of kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) in response to drought stress. Plants of two kentucky bluegrass cultivars, `Brilliant' (drought susceptible) and `Midnight' (drought tolerant), were treated with ABA (100 μm) or water by foliar application and then grown under drought stress (no irrigation) or well-watered (irrigation on alternate days) conditions in a growth chamber. The two cultivars responded similarly to ABA application under both watering regimes. Foliar application of ABA had no effects on turf quality or physiological parameters under well-watered conditions. ABA application, however, helped maintain higher turf quality and delayed the quality decline during drought stress, compared to the untreated control. ABA-treated plants exposed to drought stress had higher cell membrane stability, as indicated by less electrolyte leakage of leaves, and higher photochemical efficiency, expressed as Fv/Fm, compared to untreated plants. Leaf water potential was not significantly affected, whereas leaf turgor pressure increased with ABA application after 9 and 12 d of drought. Osmotic adjustment increased with ABA application, and was sustained for a longer period of drought in `Midnight' than in `Brilliant'. The results suggested that exogenous ABA application improved turf performance during drought in both drought-sensitive and tolerant cultivars of kentucky bluegrass. This positive effect of ABA could be related to increased osmotic adjustment, cell turgor maintenance, and reduced damage to cell membranes and the photosynthetic system.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis Revealed GhWOX4 Intercedes Myriad Regulatory Pathways to Modulate Drought Tolerance and Vascular Growth in Cotton

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 898
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajjad ◽  
Xi Wei ◽  
Lisen Liu ◽  
Fuguang Li ◽  
Xiaoyang Ge
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Vascular Growth

Cotton is a paramount cash crop around the globe. Among all abiotic stresses, drought is a leading cause of cotton growth and yield loss. However, the molecular link between drought stress and vascular growth and development is relatively uncharted. Here, we validated a crucial role of GhWOX4, a transcription factor, modulating drought stress with that of vasculature growth in cotton. Knock-down of GhWOX4 decreased the stem width and severely compromised vascular growth and drought tolerance. Conversely, ectopic expression of GhWOX4 in Arabidopsis enhanced the tolerance to drought stress. Comparative RNAseq analysis revealed auxin responsive protein (AUX/IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene were significantly induced. Additionally, MYC-bHLH, WRKY, MYB, homeodomain, and heat-shock transcription factors (HSF) were differentially expressed in control plants as compared to GhWOX4-silenced plants. The promotor zone of GhWOX4 was found congested with plant growth, light, and stress response related cis-elements. differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to stress, water deprivation, and desiccation response were repressed in drought treated GhWOX4-virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) plants as compared to control. Gene ontology (GO) functions related to cell proliferation, light response, fluid transport, and flavonoid biosynthesis were over-induced in TRV: 156-0 h/TRV: 156-1 h (control) in comparison to TRV: VIGS-0 h/TRV: VIGS-1 h (GhWOX4-silenced) plants. This study improves our context for elucidating the pivotal role of GhWOX4 transcription factors (TF), which mediates drought tolerance, plays a decisive role in plant growth and development, and is likely involved in different regulatory pathways in cotton.

scholarly journals The role of osmotic adjustment, cell production and sugar accumulation for the root growth under the osmotic stress condition.

Root Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Atsushi Ogawa ◽  
Choji Kawashima ◽  
Kinji Kitamichi ◽  
Kyoko Toyofuku ◽  
Akira Yamauchi
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Cell Production

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species Link Gene Regulatory Networks During Arabidopsis Root Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Mase ◽  
Hironaka Tsukagoshi
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Oxygen Species

Plant development under altered nutritional status and environmental conditions and during attack from invaders is highly regulated by plant hormones at the molecular level by various signaling pathways. Previously, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were believed to be harmful as they cause oxidative damage to cells; however, in the last decade, the essential role of ROS as signaling molecules regulating plant growth has been revealed. Plant roots accumulate relatively high levels of ROS, and thus, maintaining ROS homeostasis, which has been shown to regulate the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation at the root tip, is important for proper root growth. However, when the balance is disturbed, plants are unable to respond to the changes in the surrounding conditions and cannot grow and survive. Moreover, ROS control cell expansion and cell differentiation processes such as root hair formation and lateral root development. In these processes, the transcription factor-mediated gene expression network is important downstream of ROS. Although ROS can independently regulate root growth to some extent, a complex crosstalk occurs between ROS and other signaling molecules. Hormone signals are known to regulate root growth, and ROS are thought to merge with these signals. In fact, the crosstalk between ROS and these hormones has been elucidated, and the central transcription factors that act as a hub between these signals have been identified. In addition, ROS are known to act as important signaling factors in plant immune responses; however, how they also regulate plant growth is not clear. Recent studies have strongly indicated that ROS link these two events. In this review, we describe and discuss the role of ROS signaling in root development, with a particular focus on transcriptional regulation. We also summarize the crosstalk with other signals and discuss the importance of ROS as signaling molecules for plant root development.

scholarly journals Identification of beneficial and detrimental bacteria that impact sorghum responses to drought using multi-scale and multi-system microbiome comparisons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingsheng Qi ◽  
Jeffrey C. Berry ◽  
Kira Veley ◽  
Lily O’Connor ◽  
Omri M. Finkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Bacterial Strains

AbstractBackgroundDrought is a major abiotic stress that limits agricultural productivity. Previous field-level experiments have demonstrated that drought decreases microbiome diversity in the root and rhizosphere and may lead to enrichment of specific groups of microbes, such as Actinobacteria. How these changes ultimately affect plant health is not well understood. In parallel, model systems have been used to tease apart the specific interactions between plants and single, or small groups of microbes. However, translating this work into crop species and achieving increased crop yields within noisy field settings remains a challenge. Thus, the next scientific leap forward in microbiome research must cross the great lab-to-field divide. Toward this end, we combined reductionist, transitional and ecological approaches, applied to the staple cereal crop sorghum to identify key beneficial and detrimental, root associated microbes that robustly affect drought stressed plant phenotypes.ResultsFifty-three bacterial strains, originally characterized for association with Arabidopsis, were applied to sorghum seeds and their effect on root growth was monitored for seven days. Two Arthrobacter strains, members of the Actinobacteria phylum, caused root growth inhibition (RGI) in Arabidopsis and sorghum. In the context of synthetic communities, strains of Variovorax were able to protect both Arabidopsis and sorghum from the RGI caused by Arthrobacter. As a transitional system, we tested the synthetic communities through a 24-day high-throughput sorghum phenotyping assay and found that during drought stress, plants colonized by Arthrobacter were significantly smaller and had reduced leaf water content as compared to control plants. However, plants colonized by both Arthrobacter and Variovorax performed as well or better than control plants. In parallel, we performed a field trial wherein sorghum was evaluated across well-watered and drought conditions. Drought responsive microbes were identified, including an enrichment in Actinobacteria, consistent with previous findings. By incorporating data on soil properties into the microbiome analysis, we accounted for experimental noise with a newly developed method and were then able to observe that the abundance of Arthrobacter strains negatively correlated with plant growth. Having validated this approach, we cross-referenced datasets from the high-throughput phenotyping and field experiments and report a list of high confidence bacterial taxa that positively associated with plant growth under drought stress.ConclusionsA three-tiered experimental system connected reductionist and ecological approaches and identified beneficial and deleterious bacterial strains for sorghum under drought stress.

Contrapuntal role of ABA: Does it mediate stress tolerance or plant growth retardation under long-term drought stress?

Gene ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 506 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nese Sreenivasulu ◽  
Vokkaliga T. Harshavardhan ◽  
Geetha Govind ◽  
Christiane Seiler ◽  
Ajay Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Growth Retardation

scholarly journals Exogenous melatonin confers drought stress by promoting plant growth, photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant defense system of maize seedlings

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Kamran ◽  
Ruixia Ding ◽  
Xiangping Meng ◽  
Haiqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Maize Seedling ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Plant Growth And Development

Melatonin is an important biologically active hormone that plays a vital role in plant growth and development. In particular, it has been investigated for its roles in abiotic stress management. The current experiment was carried out to investigate the protective role of melatonin in photosynthetic traits and the antioxidant defense system of maize seedling under drought stress. Maize seedlings were subjected to drought stress (40–45% FC) after two weeks of seedling emergence, followed by a foliar spray (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 µM) and soil drench of melatonin (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 µM). Our results indicated that drought stress negatively affected maize seedling and decreased plant growth and development, biomass accumulation, reduced chlorophyll, and carotenoid content, and significantly declined photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. On the other hand, reactive oxygen species, soluble protein, and proline content increased under drought stress. However, the application of exogenous melatonin reduced the reactive oxygen species burst and enhanced the photosynthetic activity by protecting from damages through activation of various antioxidant enzymes under drought stress. Foliar application of 100 µM and soil drench of 50 µM melatonin was the most effective treatment concentrations under drought stress. Our current findings hereby confirmed the mitigating potential of melatonin application for drought stress by maintaining plant growth, improving the photosynthetic characteristics and activities of antioxidants enzymes.

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