Identification of candidate phosphorus stress induced genes in Phaseolus vulgaris through clustering analysis across several plant species

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Graham ◽  
Mario Ramírez ◽  
Oswaldo Valdés-López ◽  
Miguel Lara ◽  
Mesfin Tesfaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Signal Transduction Genes

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the world’s most important grain legume for direct human consumption. However, the soils in which common bean predominate are frequently limited by the availability of phosphorus (P). Improving bean yield and quality requires an understanding of the genes controlling P acquisition and use, ultimately utilising these genes for crop improvement. Here we report an in silico approach for the identification of genes involved in adaptation of P. vulgaris and other legumes to P-deficiency. Some 22 groups of genes from four legume species and Arabidopsis thaliana, encoding diverse functions, were identified as statistically over-represented in EST contigs from P-stressed tissues. By combining bioinformatics analysis with available micro / macroarray technologies and clustering results across five species, we identified 52 P. vulgaris candidate genes belonging to 19 categories as induced by P-stress response. Transport-related, stress (defence and regulation) signal transduction genes are abundantly represented. Manipulating these genes through traditional breeding methodologies and / or biotechnology approaches may allow us to improve crop P-nutrition.

Straw Type and Nitrogen Fertilization Influence Winter Common Bean Yield and Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-712
Author(s):  
Victor D’Amico-Damião ◽  
Hugo D. Nunes ◽  
Pedro A. Couto ◽  
Leandro B. Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Bean Yield

Evaluation of different Ethiopian common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae) genotypes for host resistance to the Mexican bean weevil, Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiferaw G. Tigist ◽  
Rob Melis ◽  
Julia Sibiya ◽  
Gemechu Keneni
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
National Level ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Bean Weevil ◽  
Zabrotes Subfasciatus ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

AbstractCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) is amongst the most important grain legume crops in Africa in general, and Ethiopia in particular. The Mexican been weevil (Zabrotes subfasciatusBoheman) heavily attacks the grain of common bean. A total of 300 common bean entries were subjected to a ‘no-choice’ test at Melkassa Agricultural Research Centre, Ethiopia, using a randomized complete block design with three replications, to evaluate for resistance to the Mexican bean weevil. Data on insect and seed traits were collected and a significant level (P<0.01) of variation in all parameters measured was observed amongst genotypes. Relative resistance was recorded in landraces, improved genotypes and breeding lines, but the resistant genotypes, RAZ-11, RAZ-36, RAZ-2, RAZ-44, RAZ-120, RAZ-40 and MAZ-203, showed consistently complete resistance, with zero index of susceptibility value. Two other promising entries were also identified from the breeding lines (SCR-11) and landrace collections (NC-16) of Ethiopia. Stratified ranking diagrams showed that accessions from different eco-geographical origins in Ethiopia and those with different colours showed different patterns of response to infestation. The Ethiopian bean breeding programme should take up the resistant genotypes for a comprehensive yield trial at the national level and direct release them as commercial varieties. The incorporation of bean weevil resistance genes into adapted varieties through backcross breeding techniques, supported with marker assisted selection, seems to be the best strategy not only in terms of time saving but also in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.

ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE IN COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.): PHOTOTHERMAL FLOWERING RESPONSES IN THE EASTERN, SOUTHERN AND GREAT LAKES REGIONS OF AFRICA

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. QI ◽  
J. B. SMITHSON ◽  
R. J. SUMMERFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Poor Agreement ◽  
Mean Absolute Difference ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
The Times

The photothermal flowering responses of 25 diverse genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were examined in 25 African Bean Yield Adaptation Nurseries (AFBYAN) in the Eastern, Southern and Great Lakes regions of Africa during 1988 and 1991. The trials were located at latitudes between 0.6 and 29.3° and at altitudes from 780 to 2200 m asl. In those 13 trials where daily records of maximum and minimum temperature were available, mean pre-flowering temperatures for individual genotypes ranged from 17.9 to 24.6 °C and mean pre-flowering photoperiods varied from 12.7 to 14.7 h d−1. The time from sowing to first flowering (f) for the 25 genotypes varied from 26 to 42 d in the most-inductive regime to as late as 47 to 80 d in the least-inductive circumstances. The stepwise linear regression on daily mean temperature during the pre-flowering period explained most (52–86%) of the variation in the rate of progress from sowing towards flowering of 21 genotypes. In contrast, in four genotypes (GLPx 92, Ikinimba, G 13671 and G 2816) the fitted values of days to flowering using temperature alone were much earlier than the times observed in the two trials at Maseru in Lesotho (the highest latitude and coolest location). These differences may well reflect photoperiodic effects but from the photothermal combinations encountered this could not be confirmed and so remains to be proven. The overall mean absolute difference between the observed and fitted time to flowering was just 2.6 d. The estimated optimum temperatures ranged from 20.4 to 23.3 °C, at which the minimum times taken to flower were between 28 and 44 d. The derived base and ceiling temperatures ranged from 7.1 to 13.2 °C and from 29.1 to 40.2 °C respectively. Not surprisingly, the use of long-term monthly temperatures (for those trials from which daily temperature records were not available) gave poor agreement between predicted and observed flowering times. The significance and implications of these findings are discussed in relation to those from other studies on the photothermal flowering responses in common bean and the breeding and testing of common beans in Africa.

scholarly journals EFEITO DE NÍVEIS DE COBERTURA DO SOLO SOBRE O MANEJO DA IRRIGAÇÃO DO FEIJOEIRO (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Ana Lucia Pereira ◽  
José Aloisio Alves Moreira ◽  
Antonio Evaldo Klar
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Red Latosol ◽  
Set Up

EFEITO DE NÍVEIS DE COBERTURA DO SOLO SOBRE O MANEJO DA IRRIGAÇÃO DO FEIJOEIRO (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)   Ana Lúcia PereiraAGENCIARURAL - Campo Experimental de Rio Verde, Rua do Ginásio, 554, Centro,CEP 75.901-210- Rio Verde, GOJosé Aloísio Alves MoreiraEmbrapa Arroz e Feijão, Cx. Postal 179, CEP 74001-970 – Goiânia, GOAntônio Evaldo Klar*Dept o  de  Eng. Rural – FCA-UNESP, Cx. Postal 237, CEP 18603-970 – Botucatu, SP*Pesquisador Científico do CNPq   1  RESUMO  Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os efeitos da cobertura do solo sobre o manejo da irrigação do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Os tratamentos constaram de diferentes níveis de cobertura morta com palhada de capim braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens), obedecendo delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições para os seguintes tratamentos: 0% (0 t/ha),  25% (2,25 t/ha),  50% (4,50 t/ha),  75% (6,75 t/ha)  e  100% (9,0 t/ha). O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, no município de Santo Antonio de Goiás, GO, a 16° 28’ 00” de latitude sul, 49° 17’00”  de longitude oeste e 823 m de altitude, num Latossolo Vermelho escuro argiloso, durante o período de junho a setembro de 1997. O manejo da irrigação por microaspersão foi realizado utilizando tensiômetro e a curva característica de água no solo, irrigando toda vez que tensão matricial da água do solo atingia 30 kPa. A análise dos resultados mostrou  diminuição do número de irrigações e aumento do turno de rega nos tratamentos onde a cobertura  atingiu mais de 50% da superfície do solo. Os valores médios da tensão da água do solo nos tratamentos com 0,25 e 50% apresentaram maior variação (turno de rega menor). A cobertura do solo propiciou maior eficiência do uso da água.A produção de grãos foi avaliada não havendo diferença de produtividade entre os tratamentos de cobertura morta.  UNITERMOS: Cobertura do solo, Irrigação, Phaseolus vulgaris L.   PEREIRA, A. L.; MOREIRA , J. A. A.; KLAR, A. E.   THE EFFECTS OF MULCH ON  IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT OF COMMON  BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)   2 ABSTRACT  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects  of mulch on irrigation management of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The randomized block design with four replications was applied on  five mulch rates: 0% (0 t/ha), 25% (2,25 t/ha), 50% (4,5 t/ha), 75% (6,75 t/ha) and 100% (9,0 t/ha).The study was set up at the Experimental Station of Embrapa – CNAF, Santo Antonio de Goias, 16°2’ south, 49° 17’ west and 820 m altitude from June to September, 1997 in a Dark – Red Latosol soil. A microsprinkle irrigation system was used.The results showed: - bean yield was not affected by mulch treatments; - the irrigation number was decreased when  mulch application was higher than 50%.   KEYWORDS: mulch, irrigation, Phaseolus vulgaris L.

scholarly journals Severe outbreak of Fusarium wilt on common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) caused by Fusarium oxysporum in the Maule Region, central Chile

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo A Díaz ◽  
Ricardo Cabeza ◽  
Ramon Amigo ◽  
Elizabeth Llancamil ◽  
Osvaldo Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Bean Plants

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important grain legume cultivated worldwide as food for humans and livestock (Schwartz et al., 2005). Common beans in central Chile reach up to 3,893 ha from which 1,069 ha are located in the Maule region. Common bean is produced by small farmers who have limited access to fertilization, technical irrigation, and crop protection. In spring 2018, bean plants initially showed a slight yellowing and premature senescence 50 days after sowing (das) until showing wilting symptoms (70 -100 das) in Curepto fields (35 05'S; 72 01'W), Maule region. The basal part of affected plants displayed internal reddish-brown discoloration of the vascular tissues. Based on the plant external symptoms, we estimated an incidence between 15% and 45% in bean fields. Nine symptomatic plants were collected, and surface washed with sterile water and disinfested with 75% ethanol (v/v). Then small fragments (5-mm) from damage vascular tissue from each plant were cut and placed on Petri dishes containing PDA acidified with 0.5 ml/l of 92% lactic acid (APDA, 2%). The isolations were incubated for seven days at 25°C. Nine Fusarium-like isolates from single-spore on APDA (2%) became pale vinaceous, floccose with abundant aerial mycelium and dark vinaceous reverse colony, with a growing rate of 10.8 to 11.6 mm/d at 25°C (Lombard et al., 2019). Phialides were short, singular growing laterally on the mycelium. Macroconidia were hyaline, fusiform with basal foot cells shaped to pointed and apical cells tapered, 2-5 septate, and 28.6 to 47.6 (av. 38.1) μm long x 2.2 to 3.6 (av. 3.1) μm wide. Microconidia were hyaline, oval to ellipsoid, one-celled, and 4.5 to 10.9 (av. 6.1) μm long and 2.2 to 3.3 (av. 2.7) μm wide (n=50 spore). For molecular identification, three isolates (Curi-3.1, Be-8.1, and Be-11.3) were sequenced using PCR amplification of the partial sequences of beta-tubulin (BT) and translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF) (Lombard et al., 2019). NCBI BLAST analysis showed 99 to 100% similarity with sequences (TEF; BT) of strain CPC 25822 of Fusarium oxysporum. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis placed the Chilean isolates in the F. oxysporum complex clade. Chilean sequences were deposited into GenBank under accession numbers MW419125, MW419126, MW419127 (TEF) and MW419128, MW419129, MW419130 (BT). Pathogenicity tests (isolates Curi-3.1, Be-8.1, and Be-11.3) were conducted under greenhouse (15-28°C, 85%RH) on healthy bean plants (n=30) cv. Blanco Español INIA cultivated in pots (sand/peat moss/soil) at the University of Talca. Plants that are 30 days-old were inoculated using 200 μl of conidial suspension (106 conidia/ml) on wounded roots (crown). Control plants (n=10) were similarly inoculated with sterile distilled water. After 45 days, all inoculated plants with F. oxysporum isolates developed necrotic lesions on vascular tissue, and chlorosis, and wilting while control plants remained healthy. This experiment was conducted twice. The pathogen was reisolated (100%) from diseased plants and molecularly identified as F. oxysporum. To our knowledge, this is the report of a severe outbreak of F. oxysporum causing Fusarium yellows in P. vulgaris in the Maule region, Chile. Previously, F. oxysporum has been reported affecting tomato (Sepúlveda-Chavera et al., 2014) and blueberry in Chile (Moya-Elizondo et al., 2019).

scholarly journals Genetic Correlation Between Fe and Zn Biofortification and Yield Components in a Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Diaz ◽  
Jose Polania ◽  
Daniel Ariza-Suarez ◽  
Cesar Cajiao ◽  
Miguel Grajales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
New Cultivars ◽  
Pod Harvest Index

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important legume for direct human consumption worldwide. It is a rich and relatively inexpensive source of proteins and micronutrients, especially iron and zinc. Bean is a target for biofortification to develop new cultivars with high Fe/Zn levels that help to ameliorate malnutrition mainly in developing countries. A strong negative phenotypic correlation between Fe/Zn concentration and yield is usually reported, posing a significant challenge for breeders. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic relationship between Fe/Zn. We used Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) mapping and Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) analysis in three bi-parental populations that included biofortified parents, identifying genomic regions associated with yield and micromineral accumulation. Significant negative correlations were observed between agronomic traits (pod harvest index, PHI; pod number, PdN; seed number, SdN; 100 seed weight, 100SdW; and seed per pod, Sd/Pd) and micronutrient concentration traits (SdFe and SdZn), especially between pod harvest index (PHI) and SdFe and SdZn. PHI presented a higher correlation with SdN than PdN. Seventy-nine QTLs were identified for the three populations: 14 for SdFe, 12 for SdZn, 13 for PHI, 11 for SdN, 14 for PdN, 6 for 100SdW, and 9 for Sd/Pd. Twenty-three hotspot regions were identified in which several QTLs were co-located, of which 13 hotpots displayed QTL of opposite effect for yield components and Fe/Zn accumulation. In contrast, eight QTLs for SdFe and six QTLs for SdZn were observed that segregated independently of QTL of yield components. The selection of these QTLs will enable enhanced levels of Fe/Zn and will not affect the yield performance of new cultivars focused on biofortification.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Faba Bean Genetic and Genomic Tools for Crop Improvement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Khazaei ◽  
Donal O'Sullivan ◽  
Frederick Stoddard ◽  
Kedar Adhikari ◽  
Jeffrey Paull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Genomic Tools

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.), a member of the Fabaceae family, is one of the important food legumes cultivated in cool temperate regions. It holds great importance for human consumption and livestock feed because of its high protein content, dietary fibre, and nutritional value. Major faba bean breeding challenges include its mixed breeding system, unknown wild progenitor, and genome size of ~13 Gb, which is the largest among diploid field crops. The key breeding objectives in faba bean include improved resistance to biotic and abiotic stress and enhanced seed quality traits. Major progress on reduction of vicine-convicine and seed coat tannins, the main anti-nutritional factors limiting faba bean seed usage, have been recently achieved through gene discovery. Genomic resources are relatively less advanced compared to other grain legume species, but significant improvements are underway due to a recent significant increase in research activities. A number of bi-parental populations have been constructed and mapped for targeted traits in the last decade. Faba bean now benefits from saturated synteny‐based genetic maps, along with next-generation sequencing and high-throughput genotyping technologies that are paving the way for marker-assisted selection. Developing a reference genome, and ultimately a pan-genome, will provide a foundational resource for molecular breeding. In this review, we cover the recent development and deployment of genomic tools for faba bean breeding.

YIELDS AND QUALITY OF PHASEOLUS BEAN CULTIVARS UNDER FARMERS’ CONDITIONS IN EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-190
Author(s):  
HENNING HØGH-JENSEN ◽  
DONWELL KAMALONGO ◽  
AMOS NGWIRA ◽  
FIDELIS A. MYAKA
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Eastern And Southern Africa

SUMMARYCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a dominant grain legume in eastern and southern Africa, where it constitutes a major source of protein and microminerals in peoples’ diet. The current studies aimed at determining how initially promising genotypes of bean responded in terms of yield and grain element composition under farmers’ cropping conditions. It was found that variations between genotypes in the proportions of elements in the grain dry matter across a wide range of conditions could be linear with an additional 20% iron (Fe) or zinc (Zn) for some genotypes. However, this linearity was only identifiable under relatively favourable conditions. Further, a favourable season could enhance the proportion of Fe in the grains of the same genotypes by up to 20%, whereas Zn did not respond. Fe and Zn correlated only to some degree with P (r2 > 0.35). It is concluded that the supply of elements in the diet may best be secured by selecting for high-yielding cultivars as the amounts of phosphorus (P), Fe and Zn in the grains correlated strongly (r2 > 0.93) to the dry matter grain yield.

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