Salinity-induced changes in the nutritional status of expanding cells may impact leaf growth inhibition in maize

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz G. Neves-Piestun ◽  
Nirit Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Volumetric Expansion ◽  
Unique Distribution ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Induced Changes

Salinity-induced excess or deficiency of specific nutrients are often hypothesised to operate as causes of growth inhibition and to trigger primary responses, which directly affect growth. Information concerning salinity effects on microelement nutrition in the growing cells is limited. In this study, salinity-(80 mm NaCl) inflicted alterations in spatial profiles of essential elements (N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) and the salinity source (Na and Cl) were studied along the growing zone of leaf 4 of maize (Zea mays L.). Correlations between spatial profiles of growth and nutritional status of the tissue were tested for evaluation of the hypothesis that a disturbance of specific mineral nutritional factors in the growing cells might serve as causes of salt-induced growth inhibition. Examined nutritional elements exhibited unique distribution patterns, all of which were disturbed by salinity. With the exception of Na, Cl and Fe, the deposition rates of all the studied mineral elements were reduced by salinity throughout the elongating tissue. Localised contents of Ca, K and Fe in the growing tissue of the salt-stressed leaf were highly correlated with the intensity of localised tissue volumetric expansion, suggesting reduced levels of Ca and K, and toxic levels of Fe as possible causes of growth inhibition. Na and Cl accumulation were not correlated with growth inhibition under salinity.

Salinity and the growth of non-halophytic grass leaves: the role of mineral nutrient distribution

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuncai Hu ◽  
Wieland Fricke ◽  
Urs Schmidhalter
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Nutrient Deposition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Salinity is increasingly limiting the production of graminaceous crops constituting the main sources of staple food (rice, wheat, barley, maize and sorghum), primarily through reductions in the expansion and photosynthetic yield of the leaves. In the present review, we summarise current knowledge of the characteristics of the spatial distribution patterns of the mineral elements along the growing grass leaf and of the impact of salinity on these patterns. Although mineral nutrients have a wide range of functions in plant tissues, their functions may differ between growing and non-growing parts of the grass leaf. To identify the physiological processes by which salinity affects leaf elongation in non-halophytic grasses, patterns of mineral nutrient deposition related to developmental and anatomical gradients along the growing grass leaf are discussed. The hypothesis that a causal link exists between ion deficiency and / or toxicity and the inhibition of leaf growth of grasses in a saline environment is tested.

Sodium chloride induced changes in leaf growth, and pigment and protein contents in two rice cultivars

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Misra ◽  
S.M. Sahu ◽  
M. Misra ◽  
P. Singh ◽  
I. Meera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals Key bacterial families (Clostridiaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Bacteroidaceae) are related to the digestion of protein and energy in dogs

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma N. Bermingham ◽  
Paul Maclean ◽  
David G. Thomas ◽  
Nicholas J. Cave ◽  
Wayne Young
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Meat Diet ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Faecal Weight ◽  
Induced Changes

BackgroundMuch of the recent research in companion animal nutrition has focussed on understanding the role of diet on faecal microbiota composition. To date, diet-induced changes in faecal microbiota observed in humans and rodents have been extrapolated to pets in spite of their very different dietary and metabolic requirements. This lack of direct evidence means that the mechanisms by which microbiota influences health in dogs are poorly understood. We hypothesised that changes in faecal microbiota correlate with physiological parameters including apparent macronutrient digestibility.MethodsFifteen adult dogs were assigned to two diet groups, exclusively fed either a premium kibbled diet (kibble;K;n = 8) or a raw red meat diet (meat;M;n = 7) for nine weeks. Apparent digestibility of macronutrients (protein, fat, gross energy and dry matter), faecal weight, faecal health scores, faecal VFA concentrations and faecal microbial composition were determined. Datasets were integrated using mixOmics in R.ResultsFaecal weight and VFA levels were lower and the apparent digestibility of protein and energy were higher in dogs on the meat diet. Diet significantly affected 27 microbial families and 53 genera in the faeces. In particular, the abundances ofBacteriodes,Prevotella,PeptostreptococcusandFaecalibacteriumwere lower in dogs fed the meat diet, whereasFusobacterium,LactobacillusandClostridiumwere all more abundant.DiscussionOur results show clear associations of specific microbial taxa with diet composition. For example, Clostridiaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Bacteroidaceae were highly correlated to parameters such as protein and fat digestibility in the dog. By understanding the relationship between faecal microbiota and physiological parameters we will gain better insights into the effects of diet on the nutrition of our pets.

scholarly journals Involvement of BGLU30 in Glucosinolate Catabolism in the Arabidopsis Leaf under Dark Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Morikawa-Ichinose ◽  
Daisuke Miura ◽  
Liu Zhang ◽  
Sun-Ju Kim ◽  
Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry Imaging ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Laser Desorption Ionization ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Unique Distribution ◽  
Dark Conditions

Abstract Glucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary metabolites that play important roles in plant defense and are suggested to act as storage compounds. Despite their important roles, metabolic dynamics of GSLs under various growth conditions remain poorly understood. To determine how light conditions influence the levels of different GSLs and their distribution in Arabidopsis leaves, we visualized the GSLs under different light conditions using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. We observed the unique distribution patterns of each GSL in the inner regions of leaves and marked decreases under darkness, indicating light conditions influenced GSL metabolism. GSLs are hydrolyzed by a group of ß-glucosidase (BGLU) called myrosinase. Previous transcriptome data for GSL metabolism under light and dark conditions have revealed the highly induced expression of BGLU30, one of the putative myrosinases, which is also annotated as Dark INducible2, under darkness. Impairment of the darkness-induced GSL decrease in the disruption mutants of BGLU30, bglu30, indicated that BGLU30 mediated GSL hydrolysis under darkness. Based on the GSL profiles in the wild-type and bglu30 leaves under both conditions, short-chain GSLs were potentially preferable substrates for BGLU30. Our findings provide an effective way of visualizing GSL distribution in plants and highlighted the carbon storage GSL function.

Mineral Cycling and Lichens: The Physiological Basis

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis H. Brown ◽  
Rosalie M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Wet And Dry Deposition ◽  
Mineral Cycling ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

AbstractA number of physiological processes relevant to the role of lichens in mineral cycling are discussed. Consideration is given to the cellular location of positively-charged cations, showing (a) the benefits of quantifying intracellular elements for the interpretation of toxic metal stress, and (b) how distribution patterns of physiologically essential elements may be altered by desiccation and rehydration under field and laboratory conditions. The quantitative significance of these dynamic processes associated with metal uptake and loss requires verification under field conditions. A modified sequential elution procedure is proposed that enables quantification of insoluble paniculate mineral matter (acquired by wet and dry deposition) in addition to soluble elements in intercellular, extracellular-exchangeable and intracellular sites.

Nutritional status and intake regulation in sheep. V. Effects of intraruminal infusions of volatile fatty acids upon voluntary intake of roughage by sheep

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 741 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Egan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Intake Regulation

Results of experiments with infusions of volatile fatty acids into the rumen reveal that the induced changes in voluntary intake of roughages are not immediate, and vary in extent between animals. Single infusions resulted in subsequent depressions of feed intake, these being only partly related to the amount of energy of the infused volatile fatty acids. When longer-term infusions were made, acetic acid in small quantities depressed feed intake more than did propionic, and propionic acid modified the effect of acetic when the two were given together. Also recorded is an observation that animals receiving a casein-supplemented roughage diet reduced their feed intake when casein was infused per duodenum over 14-day periods. Results are discussed in relation to an hypothesis of an indirect mechanism attempting to maintain or restore the original energy balance, but showing considerable delay or inertia and imprecision when observed on a day to day basis.

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