Floret development and survival in wheat plants exposed to contrasting photoperiod and radiation environments during stem elongation

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda G. González ◽  
Gustavo A. Slafer ◽  
Daniel J. Miralles
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Incoming Radiation ◽  
Natural Photoperiod ◽  
Elongation Phase

Wheat breeding has improved yield potential increasing floret survival through higher dry matter partitioning to the spikes during the stem elongation phase (from terminal spikelet initiation to anthesis). We studied survival of floret primodia in different spikelet positions along the spike in relation to dynamics of spike growth, when dynamics of dry matter partitioning to the spike was altered by photoperiod and shading treatments applied during the stem elongation phase. The cultivar Buck Manantial was exposed to (1) NP+0 un-shaded (natural photoperiod and incoming radiation of the growing season), (2) NP+0 shaded (natural photoperiod but only 33% of the incoming radiation), and (3) NP+6 un-shaded (natural photoperiod extended 6 h and natural incoming radiation). Floret survival increased, depending on spikelet position, 1.1–2.5 fold under un-shaded v. shaded treatments (both under NP+0), and 1.3–1.8 fold under NP+0 v. NP+6 treatments (both un-shaded), without any impact of treatments on the total number of initiated floret primordia. The fate of the floret primordia and its final stage at anthesis were associated with duration of floret development within the stem elongation phase (R2 = 82%, P<0.0001). Florets may be classified into three groups: (i) those that were fertile at anthesis under all treatments (mostly the two florets F1 and F2, proximal to the rachis within the spikelet), (ii) those that reached different stages at anthesis, depending on treatment, and that contributed differentially to the number of fertile florets at anthesis (mostly the florets F3, F4 and F5, positioned in the middle of the spikelet), and (iii) those that did not contribute to the number of fertile florets under any treatment (mostly the florets ≥ F6). Degeneration of florets in group (ii) was associated with spike growth at maximum rate, explaining the strong relationship observed between spike dry weight at anthesis and number of fertile florets. However, degeneration of florets in group (iii) seemed to occur before spike growth at maximum rate. Survival of florets positioned in the middle of the spikelets could be improved by increasing spike growth through manipulation of photoperiod sensitivity during stem elongation.

Yield, growth, canopy traits and photosynthesis in high-yielding, synthetic hexaploid-derived wheats cultivars compared with non-synthetic wheats

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonglu Tang ◽  
Xiaoli Wu ◽  
Chaosu Li ◽  
Wuyun Yang ◽  
Mingbo Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Synthetic Hexaploid ◽  
Spad Readings ◽  
Synthetic Cultivars

Continuous improvement of potential yield is one of the most important goals of wheat breeding. The introduction of synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) germplasm has broken the bottleneck in potential yield, taking wheat breeding in China’s Sichuan Basin to a new level. However, systematic research on the physiological basis of high-yielding, SHW-derived cultivars has lagged behind. In the present study, three SHW-derived, high-yielding cultivars and three typical, non-synthetic cultivars widely used in wheat production were chosen for a 5-year study. Post-anthesis canopy structure, rates of canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP), attenuation during grain filling, dry matter partitioning and other physiological parameters were studied. The average yield of the SHW-derived cultivars was 9154 kg ha–1, which was 13.5% higher than that of the non-synthetic cultivars. The increased yield was due to increased biomass and/or increased harvest index (HI). SHW-derived cultivars had shorter but wider flag leaves, with length : width ratio <10. The basal angle and open angle were small at the beginning of anthesis, which gradually increased as grain-filling progressed; the SPAD readings of the flag leaf and penultimate leaf of the SHW-derived cultivars was significantly higher than that of the non-synthetic cultivars from anthesis to mid–late grainfill. The CAP values at anthesis and 20 days post-anthesis were significantly higher in the SHW-derived cultivars than in non-synthetic cultivars, in which the difference was most significant between 10 : 00 and 12 : 00. The dry matter partitioning at anthesis varied significantly among cultivars, and the stem and sheath proportion of the SHW-derived cultivars was larger than that of the non-synthetic cultivars. At maturation, the spike rachis and leaves of the SHW-derived cultivars accounted for significantly smaller proportions of the total aboveground dry weight. Accordingly, the grain proportion was increased by 1–4 percentage points. Yield components were closely related to measured physiological parameters; e.g. grain yield correlated positively with SPAD values (r = 0.960**) and negatively with the proportion of spike rachis at maturation (r = –0.946**). This indicated that a semi-compact plant morphology, with high SPAD readings and high CAP and greater HI, was the physiological basis of high yield in SHW-derived cultivars.

Dry matter accumulation and seed yield of dwarf autumn-sown white lupin (Lupinus albus L.)

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Harzic ◽  
C. Huyghe ◽  
J. Papineau
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Seed Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Seed

DM accumulation and seed yield formation of the dwarf autumn-sown white lupin XA100 were compared with those of the tall cultivar Lunoble for 3 yr and at two plant densities to analyse to what extent the DM allocation to seed could be altered by dwarfism. At maturity, XA100 produced an average of 10.5 t ha−1 of above-ground DM, whereas Lunoble produced 12.3 t ha−1. Seed yield of XA100 (3.59 t ha−1) and Lunoble (3.36 t ha−1) were not significantly different, but the harvest index was 0.38 for XA100 and 0.32 for Lunoble. The reduction of the proportion of DM in XA100 stems was associated with an increase in the proportion of DM allocated to pods. The contribution of each pod order to total seed yield was different for XA100 and Lunoble, with XA100 producing more on the third and fourth branch orders. The low mainstem seed yield of XA100 was associated with late pod and seed abortion. XA100 mean seed weight was 0.287 g, and its seed protein concentration was 382 g kg−1, both of which were higher than for Lunoble. XA100 was not selected for its yield potential. However, no agronomic problem associated with dwarfism was detected in this experiment. Consequently, the characteristics of the dward lupin have to be considered for the breeding of autumn-sown white lupin. Key words: White lupin, dwarfism, growth, dry matter partitioning, seed yield, harvest index

Dry matter partitioning as influenced by drip irrigation and fertigation levels in direct seeded scented rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2667-2669
Author(s):  
Samarth Tewari ◽  
Gurvinder Singh ◽  
Avikal Kumar ◽  
Narendra Bhandari ◽  
Saurabh Gangola
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Direct Seeded

Dry matter partitioning to leaves differentiates African and Asian rice genotypes exposed to elevated CO 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 207 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Yusuke Masuya ◽  
Etsushi Kumagai ◽  
Maya Matsunami ◽  
Hiroyuki Shimono
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Asian Rice ◽  
Rice Genotypes

scholarly journals Selenium Biofortification of Wheat as a Strategy to Improve Human Nutrition

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Radawiec ◽  
Wiesław Szulc ◽  
Beata Rutkowska
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Selenium Content ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Elongation Phase ◽  
Fertilisation Treatment ◽  
Foliar Fertilisation

This paper analyses the effects of soil and foliar fertilization with sodium selenate (VI) on the selenium content in spring wheat grain. The research was carried out at the Departmental Experimental Station of the Institute of Agriculture WULS in Skierniewice in 2018 and 2019. The dose of selenium used was 5.00 g Se·ha−1 in various development stages of spring wheat. The results showed that selenium fertilisation did not affect the size of the grain yield, but both soil and foliar fertilisation significantly increased the content of selenium in wheat grain compared to the control group. The highest Se content was obtained with the method of soil fertilisation combined with the foliar application with a total dose of 10.00 g·ha-1 Se in the stem elongation phase (S + F2), and in the tillering and stem elongation phase (S + F1 + F2), which resulted in the values of 0.615 and 0.719 mg·kg−1 Se in grain, respectively. On this basis, it was concluded that the best time to carry out foliar fertilisation treatment is in the stem elongation phase (BBCH 30–39). The results show that the greatest increase in selenium content in the grain is achieved with soil and foliar fertilisation combined.

Contribution of Stem Dry Matter to Grain Yield in Wheat Cultivars

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Pheloung ◽  
KHM Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Field experiments were conducted in the eastern wheat belt of Western Australia in a dry year with and without irrigation (1987) and in a wet year (1988), comparing three cultivars of wheat differing in height and yield potential. The aim of the study was to determine the contribution of remobilisable stem dry matter to grain dry matter under different water regimes in old and modern wheats. Stem non-structural carbohydrate was labelled with 14C 1 day after anthesis and the activity and weight of this pool and the grain was measured at 2, 18 and 58 days after anthesis. Gutha and Kulin, modern tall and semi-dwarf cultivars respectively, yielded higher than Gamenya, a tall older cultivar in all conditions, but the percentage reduction in yield under water stress was greater for the modern cultivars (41, 34 and 23%). In the grain of Gamenya, the increase in 14C activity after the initial labelling was highest under water stress. Generally, loss of 14C activity from the non-structural stem dry matter was less than the increase in grain activity under water stress but similar to or greater than grain activity increase under well watered conditions. Averaged over environments and cultivars, non-structural dry matter stored in the stem contributed at least 20% of the grain dry matter.

scholarly journals Growth and dry matter partitioning response in cereal-legume intercropping under full and limited irrigation regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanullah ◽  
Shah Khalid ◽  
Farhan Khalil ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Elshikh ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Winter Crops

AbstractThe dry matter partitioning is the product of the flow of assimilates from the source organs (leaves and stems) along the transport route to the storage organs (grains). A 2-year field experiment was conducted at the agronomy research farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan during 2015–2016 (Y1) to 2016–2017 (Y2) having semiarid climate. Four summer crops, pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoidum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) and four winter crops, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), fababean (Vicia faba) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) were grown under two irrigation regimes (full vs. limited irrigation) with the pattern of growing each crop either alone as sole crop or in combination of two crops in each intercropping system under both winter and summer seasons. The result showed that under full irrigated condition (no water stress), all crops had higher crop growth rate (CGR), leaf dry weight (LDW), stem dry weight (SDW), and spike/head dry weight (S/H/PDW) at both anthesis and physiological maturity (PM) than limited irrigated condition (water stress). In winter crops, both wheat and barley grown as sole crop or intercropped with fababean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, S/H/PDW than other intercrops. Among summer crops, sorghum intercropped either with pigeon pea or with mungbean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW at both growth stages. Sole mungbean and pigeon pea or pigeon pea and mungbean intercropping had higher CGR, LDW, SDW, S/H/PDW than millet and sorghum intercropping. On the other hand, wheat and barley grown as sole crops or intercropped with fababean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW than other intercrops. Fababean grown as sole crop or intercropped with wheat produced higher CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW at PM than intercropped with barley or rapeseed. From the results it was concluded that cereal plus legume intercropping particularly wheat/fababean in winter and sorghum/pigeon pea or sorgum/mungbean in summer are the most productive intercropping systems under both low and high moisture regimes.

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