Mobilisation and distribution of starch and total N in two grapevine cultivars differing in their susceptibility to shedding

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Zapata ◽  
Eliane Deléens ◽  
Sylvain Chaillou ◽  
Christian Magné
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Total N ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Reserve Mobilisation ◽  
C And N ◽  
15N Analysis ◽  
Fruitlet Abscission

As a part of a project aimed at elucidating the causal relationship between reserve mobilisation and the extent of shedding in Vitis vinifera L., we compared storage and fate of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) reserves in two varieties differing in their susceptibility to fruitlet abscission. Merlot (susceptible) and Pinot Noir (P. Noir, not susceptible) vines were grown in trenches under semi-controlled conditions over a 3-y period after planting. Mobilisation of stored C and N, distribution of reserve materials within the vines and 15N uptake were followed particularly during the spring growth flush and floral development in the third year. At dormancy, starch levels in the perennial tissues (roots, trunk, canes) were higher in Merlot than in P. Noir. During the spring growth flush, starch level decreased markedly in the roots of both cultivars until early bloom. At that time, starch started to accumulate in P. Noir but not in Merlot. Similar variations were found with total N. Accordingly, 15N analysis showed that translocation of storage N to the annual tissues was nearly achieved at early bloom in P. Noir while it continued until pea berry size in Merlot. In parallel, N uptake increased during the spring growth flush, and it was higher in P. Noir than in Merlot. These results indicate that transition between heterotrophic (root) and autotrophic (leaf) mode of nutrient allocation towards the developing inflorescences occurs earlier in P. Noir. Possible consequences are discussed in relation to the susceptibility of each cultivar to shedding.

scholarly journals Corrigendum to: Impact of crop load on nitrogen uptake and reserve mobilisation in Vitis vinifera

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 769
Author(s):  
Thibaut Verdenal ◽  
Jorge E. Spangenberg ◽  
Vivian Zufferey ◽  
Ágnes Dienes-Nagy ◽  
Olivier Viret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
N Content ◽  
Root Reserves ◽  
Reserve Mobilisation

Nitrogen deficit affects both crop production and composition, particularly in crops requiring an optimal fruit N content for aroma development. The adaptation of cultural practices to improve N use efficiency (NUE) (i.e. N uptake, assimilation and partitioning) is a priority for the sustainable production of high-quality crops. A trial was set on potted grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chasselas) to investigate the potential of crop limitation (via bunch thinning) to control plant NUE and ultimately fruit N composition at harvest. A large crop load gradient was imposed by bunch thinning (0.5–2.5 kg m–2) and N traceability in the plant was realised with an isotope-labelling method (10 atom % 15N foliar urea). The results indicate that the mobilisation of root reserves plays a major role in the balance of fruit N content. Fertiliser N uptake and assimilation appeared to be strongly stimulated by high-yielding conditions. Fertilisation largely contributed to fulfilling the high fruit N demand while limiting the mobilisation of root reserves under high yield conditions. Plants were able to modulate root N reserve mobilisation and fertiliser N uptake in function of the crop load, thus maintaining a uniform N concentration in fruits. However, the fruit free amino N profile was modified, which potentially altered the fruit aromas. These findings highlight the great capacity of plants to adapt their N metabolism to constraints, crop thinning in this case. This confirms the possibility of monitoring NUE by adapting cultural practices.

scholarly journals Impact of crop load on nitrogen uptake and reserve mobilisation in Vitis vinifera

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Thibaut Verdenal ◽  
Jorge E. Spangenberg ◽  
Vivian Zufferey ◽  
Ágnes Dienes-Nagy ◽  
Olivier Viret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
N Content ◽  
Root Reserves ◽  
Reserve Mobilisation

Nitrogen deficit affects both crop production and composition, particularly in crops requiring an optimal fruit N content for aroma development. The adaptation of cultural practices to improve N use efficiency (NUE) (i.e. N uptake, assimilation and partitioning) is a priority for the sustainable production of high-quality crops. A trial was set on potted grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chasselas) to investigate the potential of crop limitation (via bunch thinning) to control plant NUE and ultimately fruit N composition at harvest. A large crop load gradient was imposed by bunch thinning (0.5–2.5 kg m–2) and N traceability in the plant was realised with an isotope-labelling method (10 atom % 15N foliar urea). The results indicate that the mobilisation of root reserves plays a major role in the balance of fruit N content. Fertiliser N uptake and assimilation appeared to be strongly stimulated by high-yielding conditions. Fertilisation largely contributed to fulfilling the high fruit N demand while limiting the mobilisation of root reserves under high yield conditions. Plants were able to modulate root N reserve mobilisation and fertiliser N uptake in function of the crop load, thus maintaining a uniform N concentration in fruits. However, the fruit free amino N profile was modified, which potentially altered the fruit aromas. These findings highlight the great capacity of plants to adapt their N metabolism to constraints, crop thinning in this case. This confirms the possibility of monitoring NUE by adapting cultural practices.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Cycling in a Norway Spruce Plantation in Denmark — A SOILN Model Application Including Organic N Uptake

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 394-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Beier ◽  
Henrik Eckersten ◽  
Per Gundersen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
C And N

A dynamic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) circulation model, SOILN, was applied and tested on 7�years of control data and 3 years of manipulation data from an experiment involving monthly N addition in a Norway spruce (Picea abies, L. Karst) forest in Denmark. The model includes two pathways for N uptake: (1) as mineral N after mineralisation of organic N, or (2) directly from soil organic matter as amino acids proposed to mimic N uptake by mycorrhiza. The model was parameterised and applied to the data from the control plot both with and without the organic N uptake included. After calibration, the model�s performance was tested against data from the N-addition experiment by comparing model output with measurements. The model reproduced well the overall trends in C and N pools and the N concentrations in soil solutions in the top soil layers whereas discrepancies in soil-solution concentrations in the deeper soil layers are seen. In the control data, the needle-N concentration was well reproduced except for small underestimations in some years because of drought effects not included in the model. In the N-addition experiment, SOILN reproduces the observed changes; in particular, the changes in needle-N concentrations and the overall distribution within the ecosystem of the extra added 3.5 g N m�2 year�1 parallel the observations. When organic N uptake is included, the simulations indicate that in the control plot receiving c. 1.9 g N m�2 year�1, the organic N uptake in average supplies 35% of the total plant N uptake. By addition of an extra 35 kg N ha�1 year�1, the organic N uptake is reduced to 16% of the total N uptake. Generally, inclusion of the pathway for organic N uptake improves model performance compared with observations for both C and N. This is because mineral N uptake alone implies a larger mineralisation rate, leading to bigger concentrations of N in the soil and soil water, bigger N losses, and net loss of c. 100 kg C ha�1 year�1, thereby causing depletion of the organic soil layer.

scholarly journals Supplying nitrate before bud break induces pronounced changes in nitrogen nutrition and growth of young poplars

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraphon Thitithanakul ◽  
Gilles Pétel ◽  
Michel Chalot ◽  
François Beaujard
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Supply ◽  
C And N ◽  
N Remobilisation

Tree nutrient research concentrated on endogenous C and N remobilisation in spring has neglected to acknowledge the possibilities of significant effects of N uptake before bud break, especially on the quality of regrowth and N reserve remobilisation. To investigate this subject, experimental studies were performed on young poplars (Populus tremula × Populus alba, clone INRA 717–1B4) grown with a controlled nutrient supply: (i) without N, ‘control’; (ii) N supplied throughout the course of the experiment, ‘N-supply’; and (iii) N supplied only before bud break, ‘N-pulse’. Results confirm the hypothesis that poplar scions can significantly take up nitrate before bud break, amounting to ~34% of the total N stored the previous year. After bud break, emerging leaves restart the sap flow, which increased nitrate uptake to support the regrowth. N-pulse and N-supply treatments were found to have significant effects shortly after a growth period, i.e. by increasing N content of all tissues (e.g. 37 and 81% in new shoots respectively), leaf area (18 and 29%) and specific leaf area (20 and 35%). Therefore, results confirm the hypothesis that early N supply plays a significant role in the N status and N remobilisation involved in the spring regrowth of young trees.

scholarly journals Strategies for the improvement of fruit set in Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Carménère’ through different foliar biostimulants in two different locations

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa ◽  
Teresa Garde-Cerdán ◽  
Bianca Souza-Da Costa ◽  
Yerko Moreno-Simunovic
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Grapevine Variety ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Fruitlet Abscission

‘Carménère’ is an important grapevine variety cultivated in Chile, which exhibits a high tendency to fruitlet abscission and “millerandage”, reproductive disorders that seriously affect plant productivity. However, despite the existence of a lot of information about the effects of micronutrients on millerandage, few studies exist about the impacts of seaweed biostimulation on reproductive disorders in grapevines, which currently has been classified as elicitor. For these reasons, the aim of this work was to study the effect of different biostimulant applications to ‘Carménère’ grapevines on fruit set and cluster characteristics during 2011-2012 season. Viticultural parameters such as number and weight of berries, cluster weight, berry size and its distribution along the cluster were measured. In addition, physicochemical parameters in musts from the obtained grapevines were analyzed. The results showed that the treatments based on boron ethanolamine plus zinc oxide and brown algae (Ascophyllum nodosum) improved fruit set in ‘Carménère’ grapevines in both climate locations, mainly in the colder climate site. Different parameters such as weight and number of berries per bunch, among others, were improved after the application of this treatment. Therefore, the results suggest that it is possible to improve fruit set in ‘Carménère’ grapevines using a treatment based on certain microelements, such as boron and zinc, and an extract produced from seaweed algae.

Relative role of understory and overstory in carbon and nitrogen cycling in a southern Appalachian spruce–fir forestAES Publication 7863. Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, Logan, Utah.

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2689-2700 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Moore ◽  
H. Van Miegroet ◽  
N. S. Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
State University ◽  
Total N ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Vegetation Surveys ◽  
C And N

This study investigated aboveground pools and fluxes of biomass, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) in the overstory and understory of a southern Appalachian red spruce ( Picea rubens Sarg.) – Fraser fir ( Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) forest, following adelgid-induced fir mortality and spruce windthrow. Using fifty 20 m × 20 m plots, stratified by elevation (1700–1900 m), we estimated standing biomass and fluxes of all growth forms from periodic stand inventories (1998–2003), vegetation surveys, and existing or derived allometric equations. Total C and N pools and fluxes were calculated from plant- and tissue-specific C and N concentrations. Total aboveground biomass attained predisturbance values, ranging from 313 Mg·ha–1at the lower elevations to 204 Mg·ha–1at the upper elevations. Overstory biomass production (5650 kg·ha–1·year–1) and N uptake (11–15 kg·ha–1·year–1) exceeded earlier reported values, indicating forest recovery. Woody understory accounted for 3% of aboveground biomass, 10% of annual productivity, and 19% of total N uptake (∼7 kg·ha–1·year–1). Herbaceous vegetation, which comprised only 1% of total biomass, took up 18–21 kg N·ha–1annually, >50% of total ecosystem N uptake (37 kg·ha–1·year–1). This suggests that N-rich understory vegetation plays an important role in N cycling.

scholarly journals Biochar and urease inhibitor mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions and improve wheat yield in a urea fertilized alkaline soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadim Dawar ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
M. M. R. Jahangir ◽  
Iqbal Munir ◽  
Syed Sartaj Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Assimilation

AbstractIn this study, we explored the role of biochar (BC) and/or urease inhibitor (UI) in mitigating ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) discharge from urea fertilized wheat cultivated fields in Pakistan (34.01°N, 71.71°E). The experiment included five treatments [control, urea (150 kg N ha−1), BC (10 Mg ha−1), urea + BC and urea + BC + UI (1 L ton−1)], which were all repeated four times and were carried out in a randomized complete block design. Urea supplementation along with BC and BC + UI reduced soil NH3 emissions by 27% and 69%, respectively, compared to sole urea application. Nitrous oxide emissions from urea fertilized plots were also reduced by 24% and 53% applying BC and BC + UI, respectively, compared to urea alone. Application of BC with urea improved the grain yield, shoot biomass, and total N uptake of wheat by 13%, 24%, and 12%, respectively, compared to urea alone. Moreover, UI further promoted biomass and grain yield, and N assimilation in wheat by 38%, 22% and 27%, respectively, over sole urea application. In conclusion, application of BC and/or UI can mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions from urea fertilized soil, improve N use efficiency (NUE) and overall crop productivity.

scholarly journals Combined application of biochar with fertilizer promotes nitrogen uptake in maize by increasing nitrogen retention in soil

Biochar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Peng ◽  
Xiaori Han ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Kun Chen ◽  
Jinfeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Residual Rate ◽  
The Third ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Entire Experiment

AbstractCombined application of biochar with fertilizers has been used to increase soil fertility and crop yield. However, the coupling mechanisms through which biochar improves crop yield at field scale and the time span over which biochar affects carbon and nitrogen transformation and crop yield are still little known. In this study, a long-term field trial (2013–2019) was performed in brown soil planting maize. Six treatments were designed: CK—control; NPK—application of chemical fertilizers; C1PK—low biochar without nitrogen fertilizer; C1NPK, C2NPK and C3NPK—biochar at 1.5, 3 and 6 t ha−1, respectively, combined with chemical fertilizers. Results showed that the δ15N value in the topsoil of 0–20 cm layer in the C3NPK treatment reached a peak of 291 ‰ at the third year (2018), and demonstrated a peak of 402 ‰ in the NPK treatment in the initial isotope trial in 2016. Synchronously, SOC was not affected until the third to fourth year after biochar addition, and resulted in a significant increase in total N of 2.4 kg N ha−1 in 2019 in C3NPK treatment. During the entire experiment, the 15N recovery rates of 74–80% were observed highest in the C2NPK and C3NPK treatments, resulting in an annual increase in yields significantly. The lowest subsoil δ15N values ranged from 66‰ to 107‰, and the 15N residual rate would take 70 years for a complete decay to 0.001% in the C3NPK. Our findings suggest that biochar compound fertilizers can increase C stability and N retention in soil and improve N uptake by maize, while the loss of N was minimized. Biochars, therefore, may have an important potential for improving the agroecosystem and ecological balance. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Which Is More Sensitive to Water Stress for Irrigation Scheduling during the Maturation Stage: Grapevine Photosynthesis or Berry Size?

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Qingtao Zhang ◽  
Yixuan Chen ◽  
Yujiu Xiong ◽  
Shigeoki Moritani ◽  
Xinyu Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
A Value ◽  
Berry Size

To better understand the sensitivity of berry size and grapevine photosynthesis to water stress, and determine the soil water potential (ψ) threshold for scheduling irrigation during the maturation stage, we simultaneously measured berry size with photographs, leaf net photosynthesis with a portable meter, and ψ with tensiometers during the drying cycles for grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). Our results showed that in berry development stage III (maturation), photosynthesis was more sensitive to water stress than berry size. When ψ decreased beyond −13.2 ± 0.82 kPa, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and extrinsic (AN/E) and intrinsic (AN/gs) water use efficiency (WUE) decreased rapidly and did not recover thereafter. In contrast, the berry size remained close to unaffected by the decreasing ψ until it reached a value of −16.2 ± 0.77 kPa and, thereafter, the berry shrank significantly. In conclusion, we suggest that during the maturation stage of grapevines, for the potted mixture used in our experiments, irrigation should be triggered when the ψ reaches a value of −13.2 ± 0.82 kPa. Further, ψ should be kept lower than −6.9 ± 0.15 kPa after irrigation, because the highest values of intrinsic WUE (AN/gs) occurred when ψ decreased from −6.9 ± 0.15 to −14.6 ± 0.7 kPa. In arid areas, the threshold ψ should be considered as −16.2 ± 0.77 kPa during maturation to achieve high-efficiency use of water resources and sustainable production of grapevines.

scholarly journals Influence of natural variation in berry size on the volatile profiles of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot and Cabernet Gernischt grapes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. e0201374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha Xie ◽  
Yonghong Tang ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Changzheng Song ◽  
Bingbing Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Volatile Profiles
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