On the importance of including soil nutrient feedback effects for predicting ecosystem carbon exchange

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miko U. F. Kirschbaum ◽  
Guillaume Simioni ◽  
Belinda E. Medlyn ◽  
Ross E. McMurtrie
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon Exchange

To grow, plants need both carbon, which is fixed in photosynthesis, and inorganic nutrients, which are generally obtained from the soil. Much interest currently exists in trying to understand the uptake and storage of carbon by terrestrial ecosystems. This paper investigates to what extent carbon gain and storage are modified by soil nutrient availability. This issue is investigated in relation to both short-term carbon fluxes on the time scale of interannual variability and long-term ecosystem carbon stocks on time scales of several thousand years.We conclude from simulations with an ecosystem model (CenW) that interannual variations in carbon gain can be significantly affected by feedback effects through the nutrient cycle. This feedback effect operates principally through an imbalance between carbon and nutrient dynamics. In years that allow high carbon gain, nutrient supply typically does not match the increased carbon supply so that foliar nutrient concentrations are reduced. This lowers productivity below that which could be expected if foliar nutrient concentration remained the same. The importance of these feedback effects is shown to be greatest at intermediate levels of water availability and nutrient supply, and is relatively more important for net ecosystem carbon exchange than for net primary production.We conclude that the long-term build-up of carbon stocks in ecosystems is often controlled by the rate at which nutrients can be gained. This conclusion is based on data from published studies showing that the slow build-up of carbon matches the gain in nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur, and on our simulations of system carbon stocks in response to fertiliser addition.The paper concludes with a discussion of the importance and feasibility of including these processes into models at different scales, including the broad continental scale. For modelling net ecosystem exchange for Australia, it is regarded as feasible and desirable to use models that are constrained by these system-internal feedback effects. Such models have already been used for large-scale simulations in Australia and other countries.

Have repeated applications of nitrogen and phosphorus to a loblolly pine plantation changed stand productivity and soil nutrient supply?

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer (Bennett) Phelan ◽  
H. Lee Allen
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Total System ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Stand Productivity

To develop a nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization regime that produces long-term increases in stand productivity and soil nutrient supply in loblolly pine plantations, a series of N + P fertilizer studies were established in the Southeastern United States. One of these installations was examined partway through the study to determine if changes to stand productivity and soil nutrient supply had already been achieved. Stand growth and foliar nutrient concentrations were measured for 6 years, and during the third year, a seedling bioassay was conducted with soil collected from the highest fertilization and nonfertilized treatments. Annual stand growth was increased by 14%–27% in the fertilized plots suggesting that the fertilizer regime improved stand productivity. However, results from the seedling bioassay showed that only P fertilization had caused changes in soil nutrient supply. Seedling P contents in the fertilized treatments were 3.6 times larger than those in the nonfertilized treatments. In contrast, total system N contents were equivalent in the fertilized and nonfertilized systems, and extractable nitrate (NO3–), ammonium (NH4+), and biologically active N were higher in the nonfertilized soils. Future measurements and seedlings bioassay assessments should be conducted to determine when and if long-term changes in soil quality and stand productivity are achieved.

scholarly journals Effect of N, P and K fertilisers and their interactions in a long-term experiment on winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2016 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Szilvia Surányi ◽  
Zoltán Izsáki
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Set Up ◽  
N Rates

The aim of this work was to analyse the effect of K, P and N supplies on the yield of winter barley in a long-term mineral fertilisation experiment with clearly distinct soil nutrient supply levels in order to develop fertilisation guidelines for winter barley growers. The experiment was set up in 1989 on a chernozem meadow soil calcareous in the deeper layers, applying all possible combinations of 4 levels each of N, P and K fertiliser, giving a total of 64 treatments. The results of analyses performed in 2011 and 2012 can be summarised as follows: In 2011, when rainfall supplies were deficient in the shooting phase, improved K supplies (324 mg kg-1 AL-K2O) increased the grain yield, but in 2012, when rainfall supplies were more evenly distributed, K supply levels in the range 210–335 mg kg-1 AL-K2O had no significant influence on the yield of winter barley. An analysis of the P treatments revealed that, compared to the 119–133 mg kg-1 AL-P2O5 level (P0), better P supplies (186–251 mg kg-1) led to a significant increase in the grain yield. In both years rising N rates significantly increased the yield up to an annual N rate of 160 kg ha-1.       4. A K×N interaction could only be detected in the nutrient supplies of winter barley in 2011. The yield-increasing effect of N fertiliser was more    pronounced at better K supply levels, while K fertiliser led to higher yields in the case of better N supplies.

Indications that site preparation increases forest ecosystem carbon stocks in the long term

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 717-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Mjöfors ◽  
Monika Strömgren ◽  
Hans-Örjan Nohrstedt ◽  
Maj-Britt Johansson ◽  
Annemieke I. Gärdenäs
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon Stocks

MODERN PROBLEMATICS AND ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO DESTRUCTION OF INFORMATION ON MAGNETIC MEDIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
O. Semenenko ◽  
O. Vodchyts ◽  
V. Koverga ◽  
R. Lukash ◽  
O. Lutsenko
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Magnetic Media ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Physical Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Term Storage

The introduction and active use of information transmission and storage systems in the Ministry of Defense (MoD) of Ukraine form the need to develop ways of guaranteed removal of data from media after their use or long-term storage. Such a task is an essential component of the functioning of any information security system. The article analyzes the problems of guaranteed destruction of information on magnetic media. An overview of approaches to the guaranteed destruction of information on magnetic media of different types is presented, and partial estimates of the effectiveness of their application are given by some generally accepted indicators of performance evaluation. The article also describes the classification of methods of destruction of information depending on the influence on its medium. The results of the analysis revealed the main problems of application of software methods and methods of demagnetization of the information carrier. The issue of guaranteed destruction of information from modern SSD devices, which are actively used in the formation of new systems of information accumulation and processing, became particularly relevant in the article. In today's conditions of development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, methods of mechanical and thermal destruction are more commonly used today. In the medium term, the vector of the use of information elimination methods will change towards the methods of physical impact by the pulsed magnetic field and the software methods that allow to store the information storage device, but this today requires specialists to develop new ways of protecting information in order to avoid its leakage.

scholarly journals Quality tracing in meat supply chains

2014 ◽  
Vol 372 (2017) ◽  
pp. 20130308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Mack ◽  
Patrick Dittmer ◽  
Marius Veigt ◽  
Mehmet Kus ◽  
Ulfert Nehmiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Temperature Monitoring ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Logistics Network ◽  
Primary Model ◽  
Sensory Parameters ◽  
And Storage

The aim of this study was the development of a quality tracing model for vacuum-packed lamb that is applicable in different meat supply chains. Based on the development of relevant sensory parameters, the predictive model was developed by combining a linear primary model and the Arrhenius model as the secondary model. Then a process analysis was conducted to define general requirements for the implementation of the temperature-based model into a meat supply chain. The required hardware and software for continuous temperature monitoring were developed in order to use the model under practical conditions. Further on a decision support tool was elaborated in order to use the model as an effective tool in combination with the temperature monitoring equipment for the improvement of quality and storage management within the meat logistics network. Over the long term, this overall procedure will support the reduction of food waste and will improve the resources efficiency of food production.

The IEA Weyburn CO2 monitoring and storage project — Modeling of the long-term migration of CO2 from Weyburn

2005 ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
W ZHOU ◽  
M STENHOUSE ◽  
R ARTHUR ◽  
S WHITTAKER ◽  
D LAW ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Monitoring ◽  
And Storage
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