scholarly journals On the recent hiatus of tropical cyclones landfalling in NSW, Australia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Gray ◽  
D. C. Verdon-Kidd ◽  
J. Callaghan ◽  
N. B. English
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
New South ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Study Region ◽  
North West ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Landfalling Tropical Cyclones ◽  
The Tropics

It is well known that severe storms result in some of the costliest natural disasters for New South Wales (NSW), Australia. However, it is not widely acknowledged that some of these events are, in fact, a result of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs). Indeed, the intense focus of TC research within the tropics generally disregards landfalling TC events in the mid-latitude regions of Australia. This is likely due to the perceived infrequency of these events compared to other more susceptible regions. Therefore, in this study, we review this assumption by developing a 150-year record of TC activity, based on a range of digitised and analogue historical datasets and identify 30 individual landfalling TCs that have impacted NSW. Periods of enhanced and reduced TC activity are observed, with a defined hiatus (absence of landfalling TCs) after approximately 1980. The recent decrease in TC activity is subsequently linked to an increase in El Niño activity and warming of north-west Australian sea-surface temperatures during this time. Importantly, it is possible that a return to enhanced TC activity could occur again in the future if the Pacific conditions align. We also propose that pre-instrumental data on TC activity need to be developed to appropriately quantify TC risk for the study region via the development of local palaeoclimate archives. This study provides a significant contribution to understanding the risks of NSW landfalling TCs and expands upon our knowledge of environmental conditions that influence landfalling TCs in NSW.

Mating types, sex, dissemination, and possible sources of clones, of Hypomyces (Fusarium) solani, f. pisi in South Australia

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Cook ◽  
EJ Ford ◽  
WC Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
North West ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pea Seed

Isolates of Hypornyces (Fusarium) solani f. pisi collected in South Australia, when single-spored and cultured under the same conditions, were separable into three distinct clones. Pairings of the three clones (SA-1, 2, and 3), and of a fourth collected in New South Wales (NSW-I), with tester clones of known mating type and sex, showed that SA-1 and SA-2 were of one mating type (+), while SA-3 and NSW-1 were of another mating type (–). SA-1 and NSW-1 were hermaphrodites; SA-2 and SA-3 functioned only as males. When SA-1 and NSW-1 were paired in reciprocal crosses, fertile perithecia developed in both cases. Fertile perithecia also developed when SA-2 and SA-3 were used as males to fertilize NSW-1 and SA-1 respectively. A clone of H. solani f. pisi, identical with SA-1 in pathogenicity, cultural appearance, sex, and mating type, was recovered from wind-blown soil in a virgin area approximately 1 mile from a pea field but not from soil taken from districts some distance (30 miles in one case and 200 miles in another) from pea-growing districts. Other isolates identical with SA-1 in cultural appearance, mating type, sex, and pathogenicity were recovered from dust taken from a bag of non-treated, certified New Zealand pea seed imported into South Australia, from field soil collected in pea seed-producing areas of the Pacific North-west of the United States, and from England. The occurrence of compatible clones on different continents appears to be due to an international movement of the fungus on pea seed.

Responses of four soybean varieties to foliar zinc fertilizer

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (109) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
IA Rose ◽  
WL Felton ◽  
LW Banks
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
New South ◽  
North West ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Zinc Fertilization ◽  
Zinc Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilization Experiments

The soybean varieties Lee, Forrest, Bragg and Dodds were studied in zinc fertilization experiments at three sites in central and north-west New South Wales. At each site foliar sprays of ZnSO47H2O were applied before flowering. At Narrabri one spray of 4 kg ha-1 gave a yield increase of 13%. At Trangie and Breeza, two sprays each of 4 kg ha-1 increased yield by 57% and 208%, respectively. Lee was the least responsive variety at each site and Dodds or Forrest the most responsive to applied zinc. Zinc fertilizer increased plant height, foliar zinc concentration, oil content (at two sites) but decreased leaf phosphorus content. Leaf concentrations of phosphorus in untreated plots were indicative of varietal sensitivity to zinc deficiency both within and between sites. The yield increases at Narrabri were obtained even though no visual symptoms were observed. Improvement of soybean yields with zinc fertilizer in seemingly healthy crops is worthy of further investigation.

An Aerial Survey of 3 Game Species of Waterfowl (Family Anatidae) Populations in Eastern Australia

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
LW Braithwaite ◽  
M Maher ◽  
SV Briggs ◽  
BS Parker
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Game Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Black Duck ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Central Eastern

Populations of waterfowl of three game species, the Pacific black duck Anus superciliosa, grey teal A. gibberifrons, and maned duck Chenonetta jubata, were assessed by aerial survey in October 1983 within a survey region of 2 697 000 km2 of eastern Australia. The numbers of each species were assessed on all surface waters of over 1 ha, and on a sample of smaller surface waters within 10 survey bands each 30 km wide and spaced at intervals of 2� latitude from 20�30' to 38�30'S. The area within the survey bands was 324 120 km2, which gave a sampling intensity of 12.0% of the land surface area. The area of features shown as wetlands or water impoundments within the survey bands on 1 : 2 500 000 topographic maps was 19 200 km2 or 11.2% of the total area of these features in the survey region. The area of surface waters surveyed was assessed at 465 300 ha. Assessments of populations of each species were tallied for wetlands by grid cells of 6 min of 1� longitude along the survey bands (258-309 km2 depending on latitude). Distributions were then mapped, with log*10 indices of populations in each cell. Distributions of the black duck and grey teal showed a pattern of intense aggregation in limited numbers of cells, that of the maned duck was more evenly distributed. The major concentrations of the Pacific black duck were recorded in northern New South Wales and the south-eastern, western, central eastern and central coastal regions of Queensland; those of the grey teal were in south-western, western and northern New South Wales and central-eastern Queensland; the maned duck was broadly distributed over inland New South Wales with the exception of the far west, inland southern Queensland, and central northern Victoria.

2. On a New Species of Manna, from New South Wales.

1851 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 239-240
Author(s):  
Thomas Anderson
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Chemical Constitution ◽  
A New Species

About thirty years ago a species of manna, obtained from the Eucalyptus Mannifera, was brought from New South Wales, and was examined by Dr Thomas Thomson, and afterwards by Professor Johnston, both of whom ascertained it to contain a new species of sugar, different from the mannite which exists in ordinary manna. The author had, through the kindness of Mr Sheriff Cay, an opportunity of examining a very different species of manna, remarkable both from its chemical constitution, and from its possessing a definitely organised structure. This substance was discovered by Mr Robert Cay in 1844, in the interior of Australia Felix, to the north and north-west of Melbourne, where it occurs at certain seasons on the leaves of the Mallee plant, Eucalyptus Dumosa, and is known to the natives by the name of Lerp.

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