Effects of pH value, chloride and sulfate concentrations on galvanic corrosion between lead and copper in drinking water

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding-Quan Ng ◽  
Yi-Pin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Lead Corrosion ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Lead Release

Environmental context Galvanic corrosion has been recently reported as the main cause of lead contamination in drinking water in urban cities. Conditions that can deter or promote galvanic corrosion, however, are not well understood. Fundamental investigations exploring the mechanisms and processes involved in galvanic corrosion in drinking water could help to implement proper corrective measures to safeguard public health from lead contamination. Abstract This study investigates the effects of pH value, chloride and sulfate concentrations on galvanic corrosion between lead and copper in drinking water. We hypothesised that galvanic corrosion would occur immediately when a lead–copper couple is first formed and that the release of lead would be suppressed by the subsequent formation of lead corrosion products. Therefore, unlike previous long-term studies using harvested lead pipes, batch experiments employing high-purity lead and copper (99.9%) wires under stagnant and completely mixed conditions were conducted for a 7-day period to test our hypotheses. It was found that enhanced lead release was indeed observed after the lead–copper couple was formed and the lead profiles after 48h were strongly influenced by lead corrosion products formed in the system. Under stagnant conditions, reducing pH and increasing either chloride or sulfate concentrations promoted lead release, leading to the formation of lead corrosion products such as cerussite and hydrocerussite as experiments proceeded. The effect of chloride concentration on total lead concentration measured in the aqueous phase was similar to that of sulfate at the same molar concentration, showing that the chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio may not provide a good indication for total lead concentration in water. This study provides essential information on fundamental mechanisms and processes involved in galvanic corrosion in drinking water and may be used to explain related phenomena observed in real drinking-water distribution systems.

Investigation of Lead Levels in Potable Water from Faucets, Water Fountains and Water Dispensers Using Various Sampling Protocols in Schools

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (7) ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
Ding-Quan Ng ◽  
Yi-Pin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Lead Release

Lead contamination is an example of how elements that leach into drinking water can lead to considerable health problems in local communities. A research team led by Assistant Professor Ding-Quan Ng, from Chaoyang University of Technology, has been investigating the levels of lead found in drinking water in schools. They are also investigating lead release that occurs as a result of galvanic corrosion into potable water. Ng and his colleagues hope to shine a light on the dangers of lead contamination in drinking water supplies and seek to use their findings to promote the establishment of new regulations and policies to improve monitoring of water quality to local needs.

Bromide-assisted catalytic oxidation of lead(ii) solids by chlorine in drinking water distribution systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (62) ◽  
pp. 8695-8698 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Orta ◽  
Samuel Patton ◽  
Haizhou Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Redox Process ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Lead Release

This study investigated the effect of bromide on the oxidation of three lead(ii) solids by chlorine – a redox process critical to the control of lead release in drinking water distribution systems.

scholarly journals Effect of Aluminum on Lead Release to Drinking Water from Scales of Corrosion Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 6142-6151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiwei Li ◽  
Yeunook Bae ◽  
Anushka Mishrra ◽  
Baoyou Shi ◽  
Daniel E. Giammar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Lead Release

Copper-Induced Metal Release from Lead Pipe into Drinking Water

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/0616 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 1037-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hu ◽  
F. Gan ◽  
S. Triantafyllidou ◽  
C.K. Nguyen ◽  
M.A. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Galvanic Current ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Lead Pipe ◽  
Lead Pipes ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Lead Release

The effect of added cupric ions (0 mg/L to 5 mg/L Cu+2) on possible deposition corrosion of lead pipe was investigated in bench-scale experiments under flowing and stagnant water conditions. Under stagnation the presence of cupric ions in the water feeding lead pipes marginally increased lead release into the water, but under continuous recirculation it could increase lead release by orders of magnitude. Other bench-scale experiments investigated galvanic corrosion between lead and copper pipes under stagnation, confirming that water chemistry (particularly the chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio [CSMR]) is a controlling factor in either “strengthening” galvanic corrosion and increasing water lead contamination by orders of magnitude (high CSMR water) or “weakening” the galvanic effect with less but still significant contribution to water lead contamination (low CSMR water). Longitudinal water pH measurements along the length of the galvanic rigs revealed a significant pH drop close to the lead:copper junction at relatively short stagnation times in high CSMR water, which is consistent with the observations of higher lead leaching and higher galvanic current measured in that situation.

scholarly journals Assessing the risk of lead exposure to children from drinking water in Metro Vancouver child care facilities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Quach ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Helen Heacock ◽  
Reza Afshari
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Metro Vancouver ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Child Care Facilities

  Background: Environmental lead exposure has been a concern since the early 1970’s. With the reduction of airborne lead for inhalation, ingestion from food and water has become the major route of exposure leading to elevated blood lead levels. Previous research and the recent lead contamination of drinking water in Flint, Michigan demonstrate the vulnerability of young children and potential for exposure through drinking water. The purpose of this study was to assess and characterize the risk of lead contamination of drinking water for Metro Vancouver-area early childhood care facilities, and the effect of flushing fixtures as a control measure. Method: 91 drinking water samples were collected from various fixtures at 16 child care facilities at progressive time points to observe the effects of flushing and re-stagnation on total dissolved lead content. Analysis was performed using Varian AAS-240 coupled with GTA-120 graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results were analysed statistically using Excel 2010 and SAS/STAT® 14.2 software with SAS Studio 3.6 interface. Results: The mean (SD, min-max) lead concentrations of the water samples were 0.69 (2.32, 0.1-11.27) μg/L at zero minutes of flushing, 0.21 (0.44, 0.1-2.19) μg/L after one minute of flushing, 0.15 (0.17, 0.1- 0.87) μg/L after five minutes of flushing, 0.18 (0.17, 0.1 -0.64) μg/L after re-stagnation, and 0.31 (1.20, 0.1-11.27) μg/L overall. One outlier sample had a lead concentration of 11.27 μg/L, which exceeded Health Canada’s maximum allowable concentration of 10 μg/L. The decrease in mean lead concentration between zero minutes and one minute of flushing was statistically significant (p=0.0020). Conclusions: The results indicate that lead contamination of drinking water in child care facilities is present but below regulatory action levels under normal circumstances. The flushing of fixtures for at least one minute was shown to be effective in lowering lead concentrations further. Efforts should be taken to identify facilities at higher risk of lead contamination and to educate operators of flushing as an effective control measure.  

Preventing the colloidal dispersion of Pb(iv) corrosion scales and lead release in drinking water distribution systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1262-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Korshin ◽  
Haizhou Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Colloidal Dispersion ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Lead Release ◽  
Corrosion Scales

Lead(iv) oxide PbO2 is one dominant solid phase in lead corrosion scales of drinking water distribution systems.

Strontium Concentrations in Corrosion Products from Residential Drinking Water Distribution Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 5171-5177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammie L. Gerke ◽  
Brenda J. Little ◽  
Todd P. Luxton ◽  
Kirk G. Scheckel ◽  
J. Barry Maynard
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution
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