Comparative characterisation of two fulvic acids from East Lake and Liangzi Lake in central China

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Huijie Li ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Yuan Fang ◽  
Zongping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Central China ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
East Lake ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Eem Fluorescence

Environmental context Fulvic acids account for a large proportion of dissolved organic matter in aquatic environments and affect the transportation and bioavailability of organic and inorganic pollutants. The structural and spectroscopic characteristics of fulvic acids mainly depend on the sources, seasons and anthropogenic activity. We present an advanced approach using fluorescence spectroscopy as a rapid and cost-effective method to investigate the composition, properties and origins of fulvic acids. Abstract Fulvic acids (FAs) isolated seasonally from the sediments of East Lake and Liangzi Lake in central China were comparatively investigated. The structural features of the FAs were characterised using chemical and spectroscopic methods, including elemental analysis, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and three-dimensional excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The O/C, (O+N)/C and C/N ratios of FA extracted from Liangzi Lake (FAL) were higher than those of FA extracted from East Lake (FAE), indicating higher oxygen-containing functionality and polarity and less nutrient in FAL compared with FAE. The two FAs had similar UV-Vis spectra with different absorbance intensities. The FT-IR spectra showed that the two FAs had similar functional groups. The total fluorescence intensity and aromaticity of samples from Liangzi Lake were higher than those of East Lake except for those taken in the summer. The two FAs were largely terrestrially derived organic materials. Five fluorescent components, including four humic-like and two fulvic-like components, were identified by PARAFAC modelling of the EEM spectral data. The fluorescence was dominated by two components. The findings suggest that EEM fluorescence spectroscopy together with PARAFAC is a rapid and cost-effective method for understanding the characteristics and origins of FAs in natural water systems.

A Simple and Cost-Effective Method for Fabricating Chitosan-Filled Filter Media from Lignocellulosic Biomass

2014 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
A. N. Sadikin ◽  
R.R. Ali ◽  
N. Othman ◽  
Mohd Ghazali Mohd Nawawi
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Fibrous Filter Media ◽  
Spray Method ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Oily Wastewater Treatment

The newly developed non-woven filter media are composed of randomly oriented fibrous fibers from lignocellulosic biomass. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of incorporating chitosan solution in fibrous filter media made from lignocellulosic biomass. The wet lay-up method was adopted for filter media fabrication. Diluted acetic acid was used as medium to dissolve the chitosan powder. Chitosan solution was applied to the fiber using two different deposition techniques, namely, spray method and addition method. The tensile test demonstrated that the filter media using spray method outperformed a filter media made from by addition technique. From the FT-IR spectrum, when the chitosan was added to empty fruit bunches fibers, the absorption peaks at around 1642 cm-1 are clearly identified that showing the presence of amine group in the fibers. The changes observed in the spectra indicated the possible interaction of functional groups between chitosan and cellulose in the fibers. The newly developed non-woven filter media integrates the functions for both the deep filtration and mechanical screen, thus it will be an alternative medium in oily wastewater treatment industry.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Medicinal Plants BerberisAsiatica and Cassia Fistula and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-bacterial Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Deegendra Khadka ◽  
Rachana Regmi ◽  
Mitesh Shrestha ◽  
Megha Raj Banjara
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Biosynthesized Agnps

The application of silver nanoparticles in various sectors including health related field is remarkably profound. Nowadays, the research of synthesizing metal nanoparticles (MNPs) using plant extracts is fascinating field as it offers the eco-friendly and cost-effective method for nanoparticle synthesis. In this study, we synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using methanolic extract of B.asiatica and C. fistula regarding their ethnomedical importance. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). UV-vis spectroscopy exhibited the characteristic Surface Plasmon Peak of silver nanoparticle~420 nm.FTIR data were measured to get a preliminary idea on the functional groups responsible for the stabilization of AgNPs. XRD data confirmed the natural crystal structure with a face centered cubic of AgNPs. The antibacterial activity of biosynthesized AgNPs was assessed by testing promptly available gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli bacterial strain and antioxidant activity was calculated by DPPH assay. The overall outcomes of the studies concluded that the application of the biogenic synthesis of AgNPs of B. asiaticaas an antioxidant and antibacterial agent is more potent showing IC50 value 65.1±1.30 μg/mL and the highest zone of inhibition 15 mm in diameter against S. aureus.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue and Metanil Yellow Dyes Using Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanocrystals

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
S. Shwetha Priyadharshini ◽  
Jayachamarajapura Pranesh Shubha ◽  
Jaydev Shivalingappa ◽  
Syed Farooq Adil ◽  
Mufsir Kuniyil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Zno Nanocrystals ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Metanil Yellow

In this work, ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) have been effectively synthesized by a simple, efficient and cost-effective method using coconut husk extract as a novel fuel. The synthesized NCs are characterized by UV-Vis, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, Raman and PL studies. The obtained ZnO were found to be UV-active with a bandgap of 2.93 eV. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirms the crystallinity of the ZnO with hexagonally structured ZnO with a crystallite size of 48 nm, while the SEM analysis reveals the hexagonal bipyramid morphology. Photocatalytic activities of the synthesized ZnO NCs are used to degrade methylene blue and metanil yellow dyes.

scholarly journals Magnetic Particles Weight as an Indicator for Heavy Metals Concentration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3770-3779
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Environmental Investigation ◽  
Pmf Model ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
The Common

Due to the ever-increasing population growth, urbanization and industrial activity are essential for meeting the basic needs of households. Together with the resulting traffic load and ineffective waste disposal, these factors are the most important sources of environmental pollution in this century. Therefore, the concentration of contaminants should be regularly monitored to protect ecological and human health. The common analytical methods are time-consuming, expensive, and account for a potential source of contamination. In this study, Spearman correlation coefficient, cluster analysis, PMF model, and spatial analysis indicated that anthropogenic magnetic particle weight (MPW) indicates the heavy metal load originated from anthropogenic activity. Hence, it is introduced as a simple, rapid, and cost-effective method for monitoring heavy metal contamination in soil, dust together with bed and suspended sediment. Whenever limited background knowledge prevents planning a comprehensive environmental investigation, this method can be used as the first step for gaining a general insight towards the present status and organize ranked set sampling design.

scholarly journals Phytoassisted synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles from Pterocarpus marsupium rox.b heartwood extract and its biomedical applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manne Anupama Ammulu ◽  
K. Vinay Viswanath ◽  
Ajay Kumar Giduturi ◽  
Praveen Kumar Vemuri ◽  
Ushakiranmayi Mangamuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pterocarpus Marsupium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Crystalline Nature

Abstract Background Unlike chemical techniques, the combination of metal oxide nanoparticles utilizing plant concentrate is a promising choice. The purpose of this work was to synthesize magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) utilizing heartwood aqueous extract of Pterocarpus marsupium. The heartwood extract of Pterocarpus marsupium is rich in polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids that can be used as a green source for large-scale, simple, and eco-friendly production of MgO-NPs. The phytoassisted synthesis of MgO is characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results The formation of MgO-NPs is confirmed by a visual color change from colorless to dark brown and they displayed a wavelength of 310 nm in UV-Spectrophotometry analysis. The crystalline nature of the obtained biosynthesized nanoparticles are revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis. SEM results revealed the synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles formed by this cost-effective method are spherically shaped with an average size of < 20 nm. The presence of magnesium and oxygen were confirmed by the EDS data. TEM analysis proved the spherical shape of the nanoparticles with average particle size of 13.28 nm and SAED analysis confirms the crystalline nature of MgO-NPs. FT-IR investigation confirms the existence of the active compounds required to stabilize the magnesium oxide nanoparticles with hydroxyl and carboxyl and phenolic groups that act as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent. All the nanoparticles vary in particle sizes between 15 and 25 nm and obtained a polydispersity index value of 0.248. The zeta-potential was measured and found to be − 2.9 mV. Further, MgO-NPs were tested for antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria) by minimum inhibitory concentration technique were found to be potent against both the bacteria. The blended nanoparticles showed good antioxidant activity examined by the DPPH radical scavenging method, showed good anti-diabetic activity determined by alpha-amylase inhibitory activity, and displayed strong anti-inflammatory activity evaluated by the albumin denaturation method. Conclusions The investigation reports the eco-friendly, cost-effective method for synthesizing magnesium oxide nanoparticles from Pterocarpus marsupium Rox.b heartwood extract with biomedical applications. Graphical abstract

CAD Of Anticorrosive Protection Of Steel Structures

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Keyword(s):  
Protective Coating ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Computational Tool ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Aided Design

The choice of cost-effective method of anticorrosive protection of steel structures is an urgent and time consuming task, considering the significant number of protection ways, differing from each other in the complex of technological, physical, chemical and economic characteristics. To reduce the complexity of solving this problem, the author proposes a computational tool that can be considered as a subsystem of computer-aided design and used at the stage of variant and detailed design of steel structures. As a criterion of the effectiveness of the anti-corrosion protection method, the cost of the protective coating during the service life is accepted. The analysis of existing methods of steel protection against corrosion is performed, the possibility of their use for the protection of the most common steel structures is established, as well as the estimated period of effective operation of the coating. The developed computational tool makes it possible to choose the best method of protection of steel structures against corrosion, taking into account the operating conditions of the protected structure and the possibility of using a protective coating.

Monitoring effluent quality in hypertrophic wastewater reservoirs using remote sensing

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Dor ◽  
N. Ben-Yosef
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Wastewater Quality

About one hundred and fifty wastewater reservoirs store effluents for irrigation in Israel. Effluent qualities differ according to the inflowing wastewater quality, the degree of pretreatment and the operational parameters. Certain aspects of water quality like concentration of organic matter, suspended solids and chlorophyll are significantly correlated with the water column transparency and colour. Accordingly optical images of the reservoirs obtained from the SPOT satellite demonstrate pronounced differences correlated with the water quality. The analysis of satellite multispectral images is based on a theoretical model. The model calculates, using the radiation transfer equation, the volume reflectance of the water body. Satellite images of 99 reservoirs were analyzed in the chromacity space in order to classify them according to water quality. Principal Component Analysis backed by the theoretical model increases the method sensitivity. Further elaboration of this approach will lead to the establishment of a time and cost effective method for the routine monitoring of these hypertrophic wastewater reservoirs.

A Cost-Effective Method to Prepare Pure Vildagliptin

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Peng ◽  
Yue Feng ◽  
Zhu Tao ◽  
Yingjie Chen ◽  
Xiangnan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effective Method
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