Efficacy of the insect growth regulators tebufenozide and fenoxycarb for lepidopteran pest control in apples, and their compatibility with biological control for integrated pest management

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Valentine ◽  
GM Gurr ◽  
WG Thwaite
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Insect Growth Regulators ◽  
Insect Growth ◽  
Azinphos Methyl

The insect growth regulators tebufenozide and fenoxycarb were compared with the industry standard organophosphate, azinphos-methyl, in a replicated field trial. In both the 1992-93 and 1993-94 seasons, the 2 insect growth regulators maintained damage levels to harvested and windfall apples below 1% for both codling moth (Cydia pornonella L.) and lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana Walker). This was despite considerable pest pressure as indicated by pheromone trap catches of both species. In the first season of the trial, E. postvittana was controlled more effectively (P<0.05) by tebufenozide than by fenoxycarb. In both seasons, populations of two-spotted mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and European red mite, Panonychus ulmi Koch, were higher in plots under azinphos-methyl treatment than in either insect growth regulator treatment. Neither insect growth regulator appeared to suppress populations of the phytoseiids Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten and Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt. Limb jarring in the second season showed statistically significant (P<0.05) differences in populations of other predators which may have contributed to the biological control of phytophagous mites in the insect growth regulator treatments. Numbers of spiders, Stethorus spp., and apple dimpling bug (Carnpylomma liebknechti Girault) nymphs were all lower in the azinphos-methyl treatment. Results are discussed in relation to reducing dependence on conventional pesticides by use of more target-specific compounds which may be more compatible with biological control.

Modelling pesticide residues on greasy wool: surveys of the insect growth regulators triflumuron and diflubenzuron

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Morcombe ◽  
M. Gillibrand ◽  
B. J. Horton ◽  
R. T. F. Armstrong ◽  
N. J. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Insect Growth Regulators ◽  
Insect Growth ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Breakdown Rates ◽  
Average Residue ◽  
Farm Survey ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Relationship

Surveys have examined the relationship between louse and flystrike treatments on farms and the resulting residues of insect growth regulators on greasy wool. These results have been summarised using a model of the on-farm survey data. The model estimated the amount of chemical taken up by the wool at application. This was based on experimental breakdown rates of these insecticides on wool determined in controlled trials. The data indicated that the backliner, triflumuron, when used off-shears within 24 h of shearing, was normally applied at slightly higher than the recommended rate on-farm and left an average residue of 30 mg/kg greasy wool at the following shearing 12 months later. Diflubenzuron, applied by dipping or jetting, was usually applied at lower than the recommended rates, and left an average residue of 40 mg/kg on the wool at shearing 12 months later. When treatment was applied to very short wool (<3 weeks after shearing) the residue was only about 20 mg/kg, but when applied at later times after shearing the residue at the following shearing was not closely related to the time of treatment. The model can be used to estimate the expected residue level and likely range of results from most standard insect growth regulator treatments. This will improve advice to producers so most can meet specified industry standards.

scholarly journals Effect of the Insect Growth Regulator Novaluron (Pedestal) on Silverleaf Whitefly Reproduction

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Cloyd ◽  
Stephen R. Keith ◽  
Cindy L. Galle
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Insect Growth Regulators ◽  
Insect Growth ◽  
Larval Stages

Insect growth regulators, which are primarily used to kill the larval stages of certain insect groups, have indirect effects on the adult stage of whiteflies. In this study, we assessed the effect of the insect growth regulator novaluron (Pedestal) on the reproduction of silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii). Two experiments were conducted by exposing adult female silverleaf whiteflies to the low [0.47 mL·L-1 (6 floz/100 gal)] and high [0.63 mL·L-1 (8 floz/100 gal)] label-recommended rates of novaluron. There was also an untreated control. Infested plants [mist flower (Eupatorium coelenstinum) and transvaal daisy (Gerbera jamesonii) for Expt. 1 and Expt. 2, respectively] containing adult female silverleaf whiteflies were sprayed with novaluron using a carbon dioxide (CO2) backpack sprayer. Plants were immediately placed into cages covered with antivirus insect screening. After 24 hours, six adult female silverleaf whiteflies were aspirated from the treated plants, and immobilized with CO2 before being placed onto untreated plants [transvaal daisy for Expt. 1, and rose-of-china (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) for Expt. 2]. Three munger cells containing two adult female silverleaf whiteflies per cell were attached to leaves of each of the untreated plants. The number of live and dead eggs, and live nymphs per plant was assessed 4 and 8 days after treatment (DAT). In Expt. 1, the low rate of novaluron significantly reduced egg viability compared to the untreated control based on live nymphal counts 8 DAT. In Expt. 2, both rates of novaluron significantly reduced egg viability compared to the untreated control, based on live nymphal counts and number of dead eggs 8 DAT. The results from this study indicate that novaluron negatively affected female silverleaf whitefly reproduction by reducing egg viability, which may decrease the number of silverleaf whiteflies produced during a cropping cycle. This is an important long-term pest management strategy that may reduce the number of insecticide applications and decrease labor costs.

Effect of insect growth regulators and fertilizers applied as foliar sprays during the egg stage of the sawfly Neodiprionsertifer

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Fogal ◽  
C. R. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Ovicidal Activity ◽  
Insect Growth Regulators ◽  
Geometrical Isomers ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Insect Growth

Two insect growth regulators, a mixture containing about 25% Cecropia juvenile hormone with its geometrical isomers (AY-22342-3: Ayerst Research Laboratories, Saint-Laurent, Quebec) and a preparation containing 75% of the aromatic terpenoid ether, 4-ethylphenyl-6,7-epoxygeranyl ether (R-20458-B: Stauffer Chemical Co., Mountain View, California), were tested under field conditions for ovicidal activity against eggs of Neodiprionsertifer (Geoff.). Single egg clusters on Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) and whole red pine (P. resinosa Ait.) trees were sprayed to the drip point with formulations containing 0.1, 1, or 10 g/litre of insect growth regulator. AY-22342-3 reduced egg hatch at 10 g/litre on both tree species but was more effective in the red pine trial. R-20458-B did not reduce egg hatch significantly. Results with AY-22342-3 in the laboratory were about twice as effective as field trials. The application of fertilizers (urea, KNO3, or NH4NO3) accompanying a spray of AY-22342-3 on whole red pine trees does not enhance larval mortality. For trees receiving relatively intensive care, notably ornamentals and Christmas trees, the ovicidal activity of insect growth regulators might be useful as a means of preventing sawfly defoliation.

Lethal and Sub-Lethal Effects of Novaluron (Pedestal®) on the Soil-Dwelling Predatory Mite, Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley) (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae), under Laboratory Conditions

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana R. Cabrera ◽  
Raymond A. Cloyd ◽  
Edmond R. Zaborski
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Insect Growth ◽  
Fungus Gnats ◽  
Stratiolaelaps Scimitus

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the lethal and sub-lethal effects of the insect growth regulator, novaluron, on Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley), a soil-dwelling predatory mite widely marketed in North America as Hypoaspis miles (Berlese) for biological control of dark-winged fungus gnats (Bradysia spp.). The lethal effects of novaluron and dicofol were determined at 24, 48 and 72 h. Fifty S. scimitus protonymphs were used for each treatment. Novaluron was applied at a concentration of 62 ml per liter and dicofol was applied at 171 mg per liter. In the sublethal effect experiment, 15 S. scimitus protonymphs were exposed to water and novaluron for 72 h. Novaluron did not have any harmful effect on S. scimitus protonymphs (0% mortality) after 72 h of exposure. Dicofol, as the positive control, caused 58, 98 and 100% mortality of S. scimitus protonymphs after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure, respectively. After 72 h of exposure, novaluron significantly prolonged the duration of the protonymphal stage by 1 to 2 d, compared to the water control. However, after the mites had molted to the deutonymphal stage, no significant effect on the duration of this stage was observed. This study presents new research on the compatibility of the insect growth regulator, novaluron, with a different mite species. As a result, greenhouse producers can use novaluron to manage plant-feeding insects without disrupting biological control programs for fungus gnats.

scholarly journals Control of Epiphyas postvittana (lightbrown apple moth Lepidoptera Tortricidae) on grapevines with tebufenozide

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
P.L. Lo ◽  
I.C. Newman ◽  
L.M. Cole ◽  
D.J. Rogers ◽  
G.M. Burnip
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Epiphyas Postvittana ◽  
Insect Growth ◽  
Lightbrown Apple Moth

Feeding by leafroller larvae damages grape bunches and makes them susceptible to Botrytis cinerea disease Leafroller infestation of foliage and bunches and the incidence of botrytis was measured on vineyards in Gisborne Hawkes Bay and Marlborough over 2 years Fortyfour blocks received no leafrolleractive insecticides while 22 were sprayed once preflowering with the selective insect growth regulator tebufenozide Tebufenozide very effectively reduced infestations and gave seasonlong control On leaves untreated blocks averaged 14 leafrollers/search compared with 4 on sprayed blocks Comparative figures for fruit at harvest were 18/100 bunches and 3/100 respectively There was a trend for lower botrytis incidence in blocks where tebufenozide was used Over 99 of the leafrollers reared were Epiphyas postvittana Parasitism of larvae and pupae at 67 on leaves and 50 in bunches was similar in untreated and treated blocks Epiphyas postvittana in vineyards is easily managed using tebufenozide which did not compromise biological control

scholarly journals Effect of Insect Growth Regulators on Citrus Mealybug [Planococcus citri (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)] Egg Production

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1397-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Cloyd
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Insect Growth Regulators ◽  
Citrus Mealybug ◽  
Insect Growth ◽  
Solenostemon Scutellarioides

Greenhouse trials were conducted in 2000-2001 to evaluate the indirect effects of insect growth regulators, whether stimulatory or inhibitory, on the egg production of female citrus mealybug [Planococcus citri (Risso)]. Green coleus [Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd] were infested with 10 late third instar female citrus mealybugs. The insect growth regulators kinoprene, pyriproxyfen, azadirachtin, buprofezin, and novaluron were applied to infested plants at both the high and low manufacturer recommended rates. Beginning two days after treatments were applied, plants were monitored daily to determine when female mealybugs began to oviposit. Individual mealybugs were removed from plants, placed into glass vials containing 70% isopropyl alcohol when female mealybugs started to oviposit, and dissected to determine the number of eggs. Overall, there were no consistent patterns to suggest that the insect growth regulators and different rates tested had any effect on the egg production of citrus mealybug females. Although, in one instance, the insect growth regulators kinoprene and pyriproxyfen actually lowered citrus mealybug egg production. In addition, the insect growth regulator buprofezin numerically increased female citrus mealybug egg production.

scholarly journals Development of sustainable fly management tools in an era of global warming

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elad Chiel ◽  
Christopher J. Geden
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Insect Growth ◽  
Fly Control

House flies (Muscadomestica) are global pests of animal agriculture, causing major annoyance, carrying pathogens among production facilities and humans and thus have profound impacts on animal comfort and productivity. Successful fly control requires an integrated pest management (IPM) approach that includes elements of manure management, mass trapping, biological control, and selective insecticide use. Insecticidal control of house flies has become increasingly difficult due to the rapidity with which resistance develops, even to new active ingredients. Global climate change poses additional challenges, as the efficacy of natural enemies is uncertain under the higher temperatures that are predicted to become more commonplace in the future. The two major objectives of this research project were: 1) to develop a cost-effective autodissemination application method of Pyriproxifen (PPF), an insect growth regulator, for controlling house flies; 2) to study the effect of increasing temperatures on the interactions between house flies and their principal natural enemies. First, we collected several wild house fly populations in both countries and established that most of them are susceptible to PPF, although one population in each country showed initial signs of PPF-resistance. An important finding is that the efficacy of PPF is substantially reduced when applied in cows’ manure. We also found that PPF is compatible with several common species of parasitoids that attack the house fly, thus PPF can be used in IPM programs. Next, we tried to develop “baited stations” in which house flies will collect PPF on their bodies and then deliver and deposit it in their oviposition sites (= autodissemination). The concept showed potential in lab experiments and in outdoor cages trials, but under field conditions the station models we tested were not effective enough. We thus tested a somewhat different approach – to actively release a small proportion of PPF-treated flies. This approach showed positive results in laboratory experiments and awaits further field experiments. On the second topic, we performed two experimental sets: 1) we collected house flies and their parasitoids from hot temperature and mild temperature areas in both countries and, by measuring some fitness parameters we tested whether the ones collected from hot areas are better adapted to BARD Report - Project 4701 Page 2 of 16 heat. The results showed very little differences between the populations, both of flies and parasitoids. 2) A “fast evolution” experiment, in which we reared house flies for 20 generations under increasing temperatures. Also here, we found no evidence for heat adaptation. In summary, pyriproxyfen proved to be a highly effective insect growth regulator for house flies that is compatible with it’s natural enemies. Although our autodissemination stations yielded disappointing results, we documented the proportion of flies in a population that must be exposed to PPF to achieve effective fly control. Both the flies and their principal parasitoids show no evidence for local adaptation to high temperatures. This is an encouraging finding for biological control, as our hypothesis was that the fly would be adapting faster to high temperatures than the parasitoids. BARD Report - Project 4701 Page 3 of 16 

scholarly journals Codling Moth Control with Insect Growth Regulators, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-84
Author(s):  
R. A. Van Steenwyk ◽  
C. F. Fouche
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Insect Growth Regulators ◽  
Insect Growth
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