Effect of sowing depth and water potential on seedling emergence of Lupinus species

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
CE Wilson ◽  
N Thurling
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
The West ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Moist Sand ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Germinated Seeds

Large differences in responses of germination and seedling emergence to water potential and sowing depth were detected among Lupinus species varying substantially in seed size. Seeds of 7 species (L. pilosus, L. atlanticus, L. albus, L. cosentinii, L. luteus, L. angustifolius and L. hispanicus) germinated rapidly in moist sand (-0.05 MPa). Germination of all these species was reduced when seeds were raised in sand in which water potential was increased from -1.0 to -0.5 MPa at 4 days after sowing, and then to -0.2 MPa at 18 days after sowing. Percentage germination after 20 days was much higher in small-seeded species (L. hispanicus, L. angustifolius, L. luteus) than in large-seeded species (L. albus, L. atlarzticus, L. pilosus). Germination responses were related to rate of water uptake by seeds from sand at 0.5 MPa. Seedling emergence of pre-germinated seeds sown at different depths in moist (-0.05 MPa) and dry (-0.3 MPa) sand varied greatly among 6 species. An increase in sowing depth from 4 to 8 cm retarded seedling emergence to a greater extent than a decrease in water in L. piosus, L. luteus, L. cosentinii and L. atlanticus. L. angustifolius seedling emergence was less affected by variation in sowing depth and water potential than other species, although a decrease in water potential had a relatively large effect on seedling emergence from 4 cm. A decrease in water potential also decreased seedling emergence of L. albus more than deeper sowing. Seedling emergence responses of 4 species (L. angustifolius, L. luteus, L. albus, L. atlanticus) were compared in an experiment where dry seeds were sown in dry sand (-0.3 MPa) at different distances above a moist sand (-0.05 MPa) zone in specially constructed trays. Small-seeded species (L. angustifolius and L. luteus) emerged most rapidly from the shallowest sowing (3 cm below the surface, 9 cm above the moist zone), whereas the large-seeded species L. albus and L. atlanticus emerged most rapidly from sowings at intermediate depths (6 and 9 cm). L. albus and L. angustifolius seedlings emerged far more rapidly when sown on the surface of the moist sand (12 cm) than did L. luteus and L. atlanticus, and were far more tolerant of variation in sowing depth. The implications of these findings are discussed with particular reference to improving lupin crop establishment following early dry sowing in the West Australian wheatbelt.

scholarly journals EMERGENCIA DE PLÂNTULAS DE MILHO EM DIFERENTES PROFUNDIDADES DE SEMEADURA

Irriga ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Arbex Silva ◽  
Patrícia Pereira Dias ◽  
Tiago Pereira da Silva Correia ◽  
Saulo Fernando Gomes De Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Agricultural Sciences ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Seed Deposition

EMERGENCIA DE PLÂNTULAS DE MILHO EM DIFERENTES PROFUNDIDADES DE SEMEADURA PAULO ROBERTO ARBEX SILVA¹; PATRÍCIA PEREIRA DIAS²; TIAGO PEREIRA DA SILVA CORREIA³ E SAULO FERNANDO GOMES DE SOUSA³ ¹Engenheiro Agrônomo, Docente, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ – Campus de Botucatu, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780,Botucatu-SP, [email protected]²Engenheira Ambiental, Doutoranda, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ – Campus de Botucatu, [email protected]³Engenheiro Agrônomo, Doutorando, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ – Campus de Botucatu, [email protected], [email protected]  1 RESUMO A adequada semeadura é um dos fatores que mais interferem na produtividade das culturas, sendo de fundamental importância à profundidade de deposição das sementes. A oscilação da profundidade de semeadura proporciona às sementes diferentes teores de água no solo para germinação e sobrevivência das plântulas. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da profundidade de semeadura na emergência das plântulas de milho. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – UNESP/Botucatu-SP, e contou com 10 tratamentos e 4 repetições, com delineamento em blocos ao acaso, no qual houve variação da profundidade de semeadura entre 2 e 8 cm, adotando todas as opções de cruzamentos entre elas. O milho foi semeado manualmente e as avaliações de emergência das plântulas se deram do 5° ao 13° dia após a semeadura. Os resultados demonstraram que a semeadura entre 6 e 8 cm de profundidade, apresentaram maior velocidade de emergência e emergência total de plantas, favorecidas por maior teor de água no solo. Palavras-chave: velocidade de emergência, emergência de plântulas, plantabilidade.  SILVA, P.R.A.; DIAS, P.P.; CORREIA, T.P.S; SOUSA, S.F.G.EMERGENCE OF CORN SEEDLINGS IN DIFFERENT DEPTHS OF SOWING  2 ABSTRACT Proper planting is one of the factors which most influence crop yield, and the depth of seed deposition is of utmost importance. Variation in sowing depth provide the seeds with different contents of water in the soil for germination and seedling survival.  Based on these considerations, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sowing depth on  emergence of corn seedlings. The experiment was carried out at Lageado Experimental Farm in the College of Agricultural Sciences - UNESP/Botucatu-SP, using ten treatments and four replicates in a completely randomized experimental design. Sowing depths ranged from 2 to 8 cm.  Corn was sown manually and evaluations of seedling emergence were performed  from the 5th to the 13th day after sowing.  The results showed that sowing between 6 and 8 cm deep led to  higher speed of emergence and total emergence of plants, which were favored by  higher levels of soil water. Keywords: speed of emergence, seedling emergence, plantability.

The influence of sowing depth and seed press wheel weighting on seedling emergence of crisp lettuce

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. E. Wurr ◽  
Jane R. Fellows
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Variable Weight ◽  
Different Depths

SummaryThe effects on emergence and growth of crisp lettuce seedlings as a result of sowing seeds at different depths and pressing them into the furrow bottom with a weighted seed press wheel were examined in three similar experiments in 1982, 1983 and 1984. Sowing depth had a considerable effect on percentage seedling emergence and the spread of emergence times but the pattern of response varied from year to year and appeared to be related to differences in soil moisture content. The most uniform emergence and the highest level of emergence were achieved by sowing shallowly (< 10 mm) with rainfall almost immediately after sowing then keeping the soil moisture content close to field capacity for 2 days. When rainfall or irrigation were delayed, drilling 15–20 mm deep gave more consistent results. Effects on seedling weight and variability of weight were associated with the time and uniformity of seedling emergence. Later emerging seedlings were lighter and a wide spread of emergence times gave seedlings of variable weight. There was virtually no effect on emergence of using additional weights on a seed press wheel.

Germination ecology of six species of Eucalyptus in shrink–swell vertosols: moisture, seed depth and seed size limit seedling emergence

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Ruiz Talonia ◽  
Nick Reid ◽  
Caroline L. Gross ◽  
R. D. B. Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Moisture Conditions

We examined the potential of direct-seeding Eucalyptus species to revegetate the vertosol (‘cracking clay’) soils that characterise the floodplains of north-western New South Wales. We investigated the influence of sowing depth (0, 6, 12 and 20 mm) and three soil-moisture scenarios (dry, moist and flooded) on seedling emergence of seedlings of six species of Eucalyptus with a range of seed sizes (E. blakelyi, E. camaldulensis, E. melanophloia, E. melliodora, E. pilligaensis and E. populnea). We used cracking clay soil from the region in a glasshouse environment. Seedling emergence was low despite high seed viability and provision of optimum temperatures and soil moisture conditions. All six species exhibited greatest emergence when sown at 0–6-mm depth, with seed size being less important than moisture (except under dry conditions) and proximity to the surface. Species responded differently to the three watering treatments. Eucalyptus melanophloia exhibited greatest emergence in the ‘dry’ watering treatment. The floodplain species, E. camaldulensis, E pilliganesis and E. populnea, had the greatest emergence under flood conditions. Eucalyptus blakelyi and E. melliodora exhibited intermediate emergence in relation to all three soil-moisture regimes. Although the direct seeding of these species in vertosol soils in the region may be successful on occasion, windows of opportunity will be infrequent and the planting of seedling tubestock will be more reliable for revegetation.

Brassica cover cropping: I. Effects on weed and crop establishment

Weed Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin R. Haramoto ◽  
Eric R. Gallandt
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Density And Biomass

The Brassicaceae contain glucosinolates, which hydrolyze to form compounds toxic to plants, fungi, nematodes, and certain insects. Lower weed density and biomass in crops grown following incorporation of brassica cover crops suggest that they may contribute to weed management in agricultural systems. Field experiments were conducted to determine whether incorporated brassica cover crops, including canola, rapeseed, and yellow mustard, reduce subsequent weed and crop establishment; a companion paper describes separate but related field experiments that examined the influence of brassica cover crops on plant growth. Emergence rate and total emergence of sixteen weed and crop bioassay species were measured following brassica cover crops, fallow, or incorporated residues of other short-season cover crops including oat, crimson clover, and buckwheat. The bioassay species, representing a range of seed sizes, were chosen to determine whether larger seed size confers protection from residue-mediated effects on emergence. Averaged over bioassay species, brassica cover crops reduced emergence by 23 to 34% compared with fallow; emergence following brassicas was delayed by approximately 2 d. The effects of the incorporated brassica residues were similar to those of the other short-season cover crops, which reduced emergence of the bioassay species by 19 to 39% and delayed emergence by 2 d. Seed size was a poor predictor of a species' establishment. These results suggest that brassica residues are capable of delaying seedling emergence and reducing establishment, although the magnitude of their effects were comparable to other widely available cover crops.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SUGARCANE STRAW AND SOWING DEPTH ON THE EMERGENCE OF WEED SPECIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. SILVA ◽  
P. A. MONQUERO ◽  
F. B. SILVA ◽  
N. C. BEVILAQUA ◽  
M. R. MALARDO
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Sugarcane Straw ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Luffa Aegyptiaca

ABSTRACT This study aimed to understand the influence of sowing depth and the amount of sugarcane straw on the emergence of weed species Luffa aegyptiaca Miller (Cucurbitaceae); Mucuna aterrima Piper & Tracy (Fabaceae - Leguminosae) and Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae). A completely randomized design with a 5 x 4 x 3 factorial layout with four replications was used, at five sowing depths (0, 2, 4, 8 and 10 cm), four different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) and three different evaluation periods (7, 14 and 21 days after sowing). After sowing, different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) were deposited on soil. Seedling emergence was analyzed at 7, 14 and 21 days after sowing, counting the number of seedlings that had emerged. At the end of the trial, weed height (cm), leaf area (cm2) and shoot dry mass (g) were measured. In relation to emergence ability, studied species presented different responses according to sowing depth and to the amount of sugarcane straw deposited on the soil. For the L.aegyptiacaand M.aterrima, no significant difference was observed in the interaction between depth and sugarcane straw, showing the adaptation of these species to no-burn sugarcane system. For R.communis, seeds placed at 0 cm of sugar cane straw depth were observed to favor the emergence of seedlings.

Emergence of seedlings from different depths following high temperature stress

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. Onwueme ◽  
S. A. Adegoroye
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Different Depths

SUMMARYSeeds of Amaranthus, melon, cowpea and tomato were planted in moist soil at 1, 4 or 7·5 cm depth and subjected to a heat stress of 45 °C for 10 h on the day of sowing (day 0), 1 day after sowing or 2 days after sowing. Seedling emergence was retarded by heat stress, the most drastic retardation being due to heat stress on day 1 for cowpea and tomato, day 2 for melon, and day 0 for Amaranthus. Emergence also decreased with increasing depth of sowing. The interaction of depth and heat stress was also significant in all cases, such that the delay in emergence due to heat stress tended to be greater with increasing depth of sowing. The agronomic significance of the results is discussed.

Improvement of carrot crop establishment by combining seed treatments with increased seed-bed moisture availability

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Finch-Savage ◽  
W. G. Pill
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Fluid Drilling

SUMMARYIn studies of carrots sown on three dates at Wellesbourne in 1986, mean time to seedling emergence and spread of times to seedling emergence of untreated and fluid-drilled seeds increased as seed-bed moisture at sowing decreased. These differences were not observed with irrigation before sowing.Osmotic priming increased the percentage of seeds with emerged radicles at the time of fluid drilling from 17% in the untreated control to 56%. Irrespective of seed-bed moisture, time to emergence was shorter from primed germinating seeds than from germinating seeds, both treatments giving earlier seedling emergence than untreated seeds. Seedling shoot weight was greater from treated than from untreated seeds.Seed-bed characteristics on unirrigated plots had no effect on seedling emergence when soil moisture was adequate but, where soil moisture was limiting, rolling the seed bed to increase capillarity resulted in 79% emergence compared with the 67% average from seed beds that were not rolled. Application of a soil conditioner to stabilize the seed-bed surface structure generally improved emergence when rain fell soon after sowing. The results suggested that a combination of seed-bed and seed treatments can significantly improve the predictability of crop establishment of carrots on different dates.

Studies on some sources of variation in carrot root weight

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Salter ◽  
I. E. Currah ◽  
Jane R. Fellows
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Plant Variation ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Seedling Size ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Root Size

SUMMARYFive investigations were carried out to determine the magnitude of root-size variation within crops of cv. Chantenay Supreme grown under competitive and non-competitive conditions, and to study possible sources of inter-plant variation.In the first experiment root-size variation from crops grown at a high population density (245 plants/m2) and at a low density (25 plants/m2) were compared over a 21-week period from sowing. The c.v.s of root weight were always higher from the high density than from the low density over the harvesting period from 11 to 21 weeks after sowing, and ranged from 74 to 94% and from 50 to 63%, respectively. A second study showed that even with a very low population density (3 plants/m2) the c.v. of root weight at harvest was 58%. The third study showed that 40% of the root weight variation was accounted for by the time of seedling emergence. The results of a pot experiment indicated that when the size of seed, sowing depth, rooting medium and time of seedling emergence were made as uniform as possible, a very uniform population of roots was produced with a c.v. of root weight of 32%. In the final field experiment when time of seedling emergence, seed size and spatial distribution of the plants were the experimental variables, the results confirmed the importance of variability in time of seedling emergence and seedling size in creating variation at an early stage of growth.The results of these studies indicate that competition per se was not a prime source of variation in root size but magnified any initial variation within the crop at the time of seedling establishment. The importance of this early establishment phase in determining the spread of root-size distribution within a crop is discussed together with the factors which influence the time of seedling emergence and seedling size.

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