Effect of time of tiller emergence and nitrogen fertiliser on seed yield components of Digitaria eriantha cv. Premier

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Ramirez ◽  
JB Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Spikelet Number ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Digitaria Eriantha ◽  
Total Seed

The effect of fertiliser nitrogen (N) and season (spring or autumn seed harvests) on tiller appearance, development and survival, and seed production in D. eriantha was investigated in a trial in south-east Queensland. In both spring and autumn, rate of tillering was maximal within the first week after cutting and declined rapidly thereafter, regardless of the level of applied N. Rate of tillering was greater in spring than in autumn. Tiller survival decreased as tiller emergence was delayed, and with increasing levels of applied N. At seed harvest, early-emerged tillers were consistently taller, heavier, thicker, and more fertile than late-emerged tillers, and they contributed most of the inflorescences. Fertility of all tillers was increased by application of N, particularly in spring. Seed yield, percentage seed set, and 1000-seed weight were larger in early-emerged tillers, which also bore the biggest inflorescences with the most spikelets per inflorescence, although spikelet number per unit raceme length was lower than on inflorescences borne on late-formed tillers. In general, the effect of N on seed yield components (inflorescence size, 1000-seed weight and seed set) was not significant. Early-emerged tillers contributed more than 70% of the total seed yield in both seasons.

Is the flag leaf important in perennial ryegrass seed production?

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
J.A.K. Trethewey ◽  
M.P. Rolston
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Seed Fill ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

In cereals, the importance of the flag leaf for contributing carbohydrate during seed fill is well documented. However, in ryegrass this relationship is not so clear. This paper reports on an investigation of the effect on seed yield components of reduced photosynthetic capacity to the flag leaf, stem and head of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). The hypothesis was that reduced photosynthetic capacity of the flag leaf does not affect seed yield components in perennial ryegrass. Following flowering, photosynthetic capacity was reduced by defoliation or shading the flag leaf, stem, or head of individual tillers. Seed yield components were measured at harvest. Reduced photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) to the flag leaf and stem did not affect thousand seed weight or seed yield when compared with control plants whereas reducing PAR to the head had a significant effect. The seed head itself may be more important than the flag leaf during seed fill, but when the seed head is shaded substantial re-mobilisation of stored carbohydrates can occur. Keywords: flag leaf, green leaf area, Lolium perenne, photosynthetically active radiation, seed fill, seed yield, thousand seed weight, water-soluble carbohydrates

Irrigation and Nitrogen Studies in s. 23 Ryegrass Grown for Seed: 1. Growth, Development, Seed Yield Components and Seed Yield

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Hebblethwaite
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Number Of Seeds

SUMMARYThe effects of irrigation and nitrogen on S. 23 perennial ryegrass grown for seed were investigated in a series of field experiments from 1972 to 1974. Irrigation significantly increased seed yield by 16% in 1972 and 52% in 1974 but had no effect in the wet year of 1973. In 1972 maximum deficit reached 110 mm at the end of July and coincided with anthesis. Consequently the yield response was due to an increase in number of seeds per unit area and no other seed yield component was affected. In 1974 peak deficit also reached about 100 mm but started to build up rapidly very early in the season and had reached 80 mm by the time that the first ears emerged. Consequently the yield response was due to increases in number of fertile tillers, number of seeds per unit area and 1000-seed weight.Irrigation had no significant effect on number of florets or seeds, except in 1974 when percentage of florets which produced seed was increased by 2%.Irrigation had some effect on threshed straw yields, total dry matter, harvest index and total number of tillers but where this occurred the response was much smaller than that of seed yield which indicates that irrigation had greater effects on the reproductive development of the crop than on yield of dry matter and tillering patterns. Increasing the quantity of nitrogen from 0 to 80 kg/ha increased seed yields, all seed yield components except 1000-seed weight, threshed straw yields and total dry matter and number of tillers at most sampling dates. Increasing the quantity of nitrogen from 80 to 160 kg/ha had little further effect on the above components except in 1972 where seed yields were significantly decreased.In 1972 number of florets was increased and percentage of florets which produced seed decreased with increasing quantities of nitrogen.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of seed yield and seed yield components of autochthonous Lolium perenne L. populations

Genetika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-563
Author(s):  
Zeljko Lakic ◽  
Dejan Sokolovic ◽  
Snezana Babic ◽  
Svetko Vojin ◽  
Jela Ikanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to examine genetic variability, heritability and correlation of seed yield components and seed yield of progenies of autochthonous populations and cultivars of perennial ryegrass, and that on the basis of these results distinguish genotypes that would be later used in the creation of new local cultivars of perennial ryegrass. Research was carried out on experimental fields and laboratories of the Agricultural Institute of Republic of Srpska in Banja Luka in 2007. and 2008., on 6 natural populations of perennial ryegrass collected in Bosnia and Herzegovina and two cultivars, Maja and Calibra as standard. Following parameters were analyzed: number of generative tillers per plant, time of flowering, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, seed yield per spike and plant and 1000 seed weight. Analysis of the results of the number of generative tillers per plant indicates a statistically significant difference in the studied populations and cultivars of perennial ryegrass. The highest average number of tillers per plant was found in the cultivar Maja (193.8), and the least number was detected in population Dragocaj (78.9), so statistical differences were highly significant. The longest period to beginning of flowering was determined in cultivar Calibra (56.5 days) and the shortest in population Laminci (43 days). The average length of spike of perennial ryegrass in the studied population was 22.78 cm and was significantly lower than cultivar Maja. Statistically significant differences between populations and variety Maja in the number of spikelets per spike were detected. The average seed yield per spike of studied populations was in level with cultivar Maja and 37.5% higher compared with variety Calibra. In the studied populations of perennial ryegrass seed yield ranged from 5.21 g (Dragocaj population) to 15.40 g (Kupres population). Weight of 1000 seeds was highest in the variety Calibra (2.60 g) and lowest in population Maglajani (1.94 g). Proportion of genetic to phenotypic variance for time of flowering, the number of generative tillers, seed yield per spike and plant and 1000 seed weight indicate that the variability of these traits in this collection of genotypes, largely derived from plant genotype. In this investigation, the presence of a highly significant positive genetic correlation was found between time of flowering and spike length (0.98), time of flowering and 1000 seed weight (0.97), number of generative tillers and seed yield per plant (0.91) and spike length and 1000 seed weight (0.98).

scholarly journals Heterosis in soybeans for seed yield components and associated traits

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Pandini ◽  
Natal Antonio Vello ◽  
Ângela Celis de Almeida Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The objective of this research was to quantify heterosis of agronomic traits and evaluate direct and indirect correlations among seed yield and other traits. A diallel involving six parents was grown in two localities. Seed yield (PG), one-hundred seed weight (PCS), number of pods per plant (NV), weight of aerial part of the plant (PPA), harvest index (IC) and number of seeds per pod (NGV) were evaluated. Positive values of heterosis were detected for all traits. Estimates of heterosis components were significative for most traits, showing effects of aditivity and dominance. The specific heterosis was more important than the variety heterosis, mainly in the locality Anhembi. MTBR-95-123800 presented the best potential per se and as parent in crosses, but it was excelled by some of the hybrids in the two localities. Number of pods per plant demonstrated to be suitable for indirect selection for PG.

Genetic variability and tradeoffs among reproductive traits in white clover (Trifolium repens)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kahn ◽  
J. A. Silander Jr. ◽  
H. L. Reynolds ◽  
M. L. Cain
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Reproductive Characters

There is much spatial and temporal variation for reproductive output in white clover (Trifolium repens L.), yet little is known about the control of this variation or whether there exist tradeoffs among components of seed yield. To examine these issues, seed yield components and vegetative biomass were measured on replicates of seven white clover genotypes planted in a common garden plot. Significant genetic differences among clones were found for biomass and for five of seven reproductive characters, including number of inflorescences, number of florets per inflorescence, number of fruits per infructescence, number of (late-maturing) seed per fruit, and seed weight in early-maturing fruits. Thus, there is considerable potential for natural or artificial selection to act on vegetative and reproductive characters in white clover. In addition to these genetic effects, we observed temporal variation for number of florets per inflorescence, number of fruits per infructescence, and seed weight in late-maturing fruits. Finally, analyses of phenotypic, genetic, and microenvironmental correlation coefficients revealed few pairs of traits with significant negative correlations. This suggests that few tradeoffs in resource allocation patterns existed for the phenotypic characters examined. Key words: Trifolium repens, genetic variation, seed yield components, tradeoffs, phenotypic correlation, genetic correlation.

scholarly journals Identification and dissection of single seed weight QTLs by analysis of seed yield components in soybean

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichiro Fujii ◽  
Takashi Sayama ◽  
Kyoko Takagi ◽  
Kazumasa Kosuge ◽  
Katsunori Okano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Seed Yield Components

Variation in seed yield and its components in the Australian native grass Microlaena stipoides as a guide to its potential as a perennial grain crop

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Davies ◽  
D. L. Waugh ◽  
E. C. Lefroy
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Spikelet Number ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Microlaena Stipoides ◽  
Perennial Grain

This research investigated the potential to domesticate an Australian native grass (Microlaena stipoides) to produce a perennial grain crop. Perennial grain crops offer a new solution to the long-standing problems of salinity and soil erosion associated with conventional cropping systems based on annual plants. Seed yield and its components (culm number, spikelet number per culm, seed set, seed weight) were measured in 46 accessions of Microlaena stipoides (microlaena, meadow or weeping rice grass) from Western Australia and New South Wales to quantify potentially useful variation in the species. A high degree of variability was found to exist, with a 20-fold range in seed yield (0.1–2.4 g/plant), 5-fold range in seed weight (129–666 mg per 100 seeds), 2-fold range in spikelet number (14–30 per culm), 8-fold range in seed set (12–98%), and a 5-fold range in culm number (11–59 per plant). Seed yield was positively and significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with culm number, seed set, and seed weight (r > 0.55 for all). No correlation was found between seed yield and spikelet number per culm (r = –0.14). The range in seed yield and its components suggests that there is sufficient variation within microlaena to make selections for higher yielding lines. This variation will enable breeders to exploit genetic diversity more efficiently and identify useful accessions for further work. High priority traits for future work include synchronous maturity and resistance to shattering.

scholarly journals Higher flower and seed number leads to higher yield under water stress conditions imposed during reproduction in chickpea

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raju Pushpavalli ◽  
Mainassara Zaman-Allah ◽  
Neil C. Turner ◽  
Rekha Baddam ◽  
Mandali V. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Pod Number

The reproductive phase of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is more sensitive to water deficits than the vegetative phase. The characteristics that confer drought tolerance to genotypes at the reproductive stage are not well understood; especially which characteristics are responsible for differences in seed yield under water stress. In two consecutive years, 10 genotypes with contrasting yields under terminal drought stress in the field were exposed to a gradual, but similar, water stress in the glasshouse. Flower number, flower + pod + seed abortion percentage, pod number, pod weight, seed number, seed yield, 100-seed weight (seed size), stem + leaf weight and harvest index (HI) were recorded in well watered plants (WW) and in water-stressed plants (WS) when the level of deficit was mild (phase I), and when the stress was severe (phase II). The WS treatment reduced seed yield, seed and pod number, but not flower + pod + seed abortion percentage or 100-seed weight. Although there were significant differences in total seed yield among the genotypes, the ranking of the seed yield in the glasshouse differed from the ranking in the field, indicating large genotype × environment interaction. Genetic variation for seed yield and seed yield components was observed in the WW treatment, which also showed differences across years, as well as in the WS treatment in both the years, so that the relative seed yield and relative yield components (ratio of values under WS to those under WW) were used as measures of drought tolerance. Relative total seed yield was positively associated with relative total flower number (R2 = 0.23 in year 2) and relative total seed number (R2 = 0.83, R2 = 0.79 in years 1 and 2 respectively). In phase I (mild stress), relative yield of seed produced in that phase was found to be associated with the flower number in both the years (R2 = 0.69, R2 = 0.76 respectively). Therefore, the controlled drought imposition that was used, where daily water loss from the soil was made equal for all plants, revealed genotypic differences in the sensitivity of the reproductive process to drought. Under these conditions, the seed yield differences in chickpea were largely related to the capacity to produce a large number of flowers and to set seeds, especially in the early phase of drought stress when the degree of water deficit was mild.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Genotype, Environment, and Management Interactions on Fava Beans under Mediterranean Field Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Mohamed Houssemeddine Sellami ◽  
Antonella Lavini ◽  
Davide Calandrelli ◽  
Giuseppe De Mastro ◽  
Cataldo Pulvento
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Fava Beans ◽  
Total Seed

Faba beans (Vicia faba L.), also known as fava beans, like other crops, are influenced by several factors: their genotype, environment, and management, as well as the interaction between these, have an important impact on seed yielding and seed quality traits. This study was conducted at three locations in South Italy between 2017 and 2019 to evaluate the sowing date effect on yield and yield components of three Vicia faba L., originating from cool climates. The results showed that seed yield (SY) and yield components declined with sowing delay. The crop’s environment (year × site) and management (sowing date) were found to explain 34.01% and 42.95% of the total seed yield variation, respectively. The data showed that the tested genotypes were positively influenced by the environment with sandy loam soil and early winter sowing date, resulting in either a greater number of SY and THS than in the other environment. The three faba bean genotypes showed tolerance to winter frost conditions in the two growing seasons.

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