Long term investigations of the effect of tillage practices on crop production at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Pratley
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
New South ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Tapesia Yallundae ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

Three seedbed preparation methods were compared from 1977 to 1989 to evaluate their effects on crop production. Treatments were conventional cultivation (CC, at least 3 workings pre-sowing), reduced cultivation (RC, 1 cultivation plus knockdown herbicide pre-sowing), and direct drilling (DD, no pre- sowing cultivation, knockdown herbicide only). Wheat (Triticum aestivum) was sown for the first 8 years of the experiment and lupins in 1985 and 1988. In 9 of the 11 years wheat grain yield was significantly better with DD, averaging 15% more than CC and 10% more than RC. Weed populations were generally greater where cultivation occurred; particularly fumitory (Fumaria spp.) and eyespot lodging (Tapesia yallundae) had greater impact on wheat in the CC and RC treatments.

Goat and Sheep Grazing in Shrub-Infested Semi-arid Woodlands of New South Wales.

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
BH Downing
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
New South ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Local Observation ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Western Division

Examination of data on dietary preferences of sheep, goats and cattle suggests that different grazing systems are desirable for each of the three major woodland types (belah-rosewood, mulga, poplar box) examined. Competition for herbs, frequently palatable to all animal species, indicates that goats and sheep are unsuitable for joint use either in heavily wooded country or where annual herbaceous production is less than 200 kg-ha. Supplementary feeding, fire and judicious stocking are proposed as a strategy for inducing goats to eat a proportion of unpalatable shrubs. The literature provides little helpful information on how rangelands in the Western Division should be managed. No reports are given on comparisons of grazing systems, such as rotational grazing, rotational resting, and continuous grazing. No guidance is given on grazing after burning of the rangeland. Recommendations are generally against the use of goats for control of woody plants, whereas local observation shows this to be an apparently effective practice. The recommendations are mostly based on experimental procedures which, although suitable for detecting animal dietary preferences in the short term, are less appropriate for investigation of the effects of grazing on range condition in the long term. Some suggestions are made towards a different approach for: investigating the effects of grazing by sheep and goats on rangeland condition, and the economic implications of this in terms of animal production.

Sydney rock oyster farming in Australia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Nell
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
First Year ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Time To Market ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Rock Oyster ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sampling Programme

Abstract The 120-year-old Sydney rock oyster industry in New South Wales (NSW) and southern Queensland is one of the oldest aquaculture industries in Australia. The industry has been forced to adapt to competition from other species, tighter harvesting and oyster storage and handling requirements as well as eroding profit margins. Recent changes in farming practices include the move away from stick culture to single seed culture, as the half-shell market demands a more uniformly shaped oyster. When selective breeding demonstrated that it could reduce time to market (50 g whole weight) by nearly a year out of an industry average of 3.5 years, the industry wanted to try hatchery technology. Although the industry had never used hatchery technology before, it purchased 10 million spat or 8% of its annual spat requirement from hatcheries in 2003-2004, the first year that they were made available to farmers. The industry also embraced the Australian Shellfish Quality Assurance Program, which requires that shellfish harvest areas be classified on the basis of a sanitary survey and the results of an ongoing strategic water-sampling programme. This programme ensures product safety for the consumers and helps to provide the industry with a long-term future.

Prehistoric aboriginal occupation of the rangelands: Interpreting the surface archaeological record of far western New South Wales, Australia.

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Holdaway ◽  
PC Fanning ◽  
DC Witter
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Landscape Archaeology ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Stone Artefact

Recent erosion in arid regions of western NSW has exposed large areas that are scattered with stone artefacts manufactured by Aboriginal people in prehistory. These exposures offer an opportunity for archaeologists to study the artefacts abandoned by Aboriginal people through time and to compare those artefacts that accumulate in different parts of the landscape. To reconstruct the nature of prehistoric behaviour in the rangelands, two approaches are needed. First, the geomorphological context of the artefacts needs to be considered since exposure of the artefacts is a function of landscape history. Second, large areas (measured in thousands of square metres) and large numbers of artefacts need to be considered if patterns reflecting long-term abandonment behaviour by Aboriginal people are to be identified. This paper reports on the Western New South Wales Archaeological Program (WNSWAP) which was initiated in 1995 to study surface archaeology in the rangelands. Geomorphological studies are combined with artefact analysis using geographic information system software to investigate Aboriginal stone artefact scatters and associated features such as heat retainer hearths, in a landscape context. Results suggest that apparently random scatters of stone artefacts are in fact patterned in ways which inform on prehistoric Aboriginal settlement of the rangelands. Key words: Aboriginal stone artefacts; rangelands; landscape archaeology; geomorphology; GIs

A new Australian record of a Parajapidae (Diplura): a potential pest of wheat

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Penelope Greenslade ◽  
Yun-Xia Luan
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
New South ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Potential Pest ◽  
North And South America ◽  
First Time ◽  
North And South

Parajapyx isabellae (Grassi, 1886) is recorded for the first time from Australia. It is a cosmopolitan soil species found in Europe, North and South America and Asia. Womersley last studied Australian Parajapygidae 80 years ago, listing a single endemic species for the genus Parajapyx Silvestri, 1903, sensu stricta. In 2017, an unidentified Parajapyx was found in deep soil under wheat in winter, spring and summer at Harden, New South Wales, in a long-term tillage trial. It was most abundant in the minimum tillage/stubble retained plots in soil below 5 cm but rarely observed in the conventionally tilled/stubble burned plots. The same field experiment was sampled five times using the same methods over 3 years from 1993–95 but no specimens of Diplura were collected. The specimens were identified as P. isabellae using morphology and confirmed with the DNA barcoding sequence data. Most species of Parajapygidae are carnivores feeding on small arthropods but there are records from North America, Europe and Hawaii of P. isabellae feeding on roots of wheat and other agricultural crops. We provide here illustrations of species P. isabellae so that crop scientists in Australia are aware of the potential pest and can identify it. Sequence data indicate that the population may have originated from two sources.

Criminal mobility of outlaw motorcycle gangs in Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Dowling ◽  
Anthony Morgan
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Gang Members ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs ◽  
South Wales

The criminal mobility of outlaw motorcycle gang (OMCG) members presents a significant challenge to Australian governments and police. Examining patterns of mobility can help to better understand the opportunity structures that underpin offending by OMCGs and to drive national collaborative responses to these gangs. This study examines the prevalence and patterns of criminal mobility in a sample of almost 4,000 OMCG members in more than 400 chapters. Around one in 10 members showed evidence of criminal mobility over the long term, while more than one-third of chapters comprised criminally mobile members. Criminally mobile gang members were heavily concentrated in a small number of chapters. Patterns of criminal mobility primarily involve movements into east coast jurisdictions. New South Wales and Queensland emerged as the most common destinations for criminally mobile OMCG members.

‘A military fervour akin to religious fanaticism’: Scottish Military Identity in the Australian Imperial Force

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Tibbitts
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
First World War ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
World War ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

This chapter highlights the long-term influence of Scottish military traditions and identity in Australia, dating back to the arrival of a battalion of the 73rd Highland Regiment in New South Wales in 1810. From the 1860s, several home-grown ‘Scottish’ volunteer militia units were established in the Australian colonies. This coincided with a peak period of Scottish emigration to Australia with some 265,000 settling between 1850 and 1914. With the outbreak of the First World War, Australia quickly raised a contingent to assist the Empire. Several Scottish-Australian militia regiments sought incorporation into the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) but with limited success. This chapter highlights how the existence of Scottish military identities conflicted with the desire of the AIF that its identity be entirely Australian as means of forging the identity of the new Commonwealth of Australia. At the same time, a small number of AIF units managed to maintain some small degree of Scottish flavour about them. Those such as the 4th, 5th and 56th Battalions which had many join en- masse from the pre-war ‘Scottish’ militia regiments, provide examples of how this identity survived and was influenced by some key officers and NCOs of Scots heritage.

Long-term experiments aimed at improving tillage practices

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Birkás
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Climate Stress

The Crop Production Institute of Szent István University carried out soil quality trials in the region of Gödöllő between 1977 and 2002, followed by similar experiments near the town of Hatvan since 2002. Soil quality factors that can be improved by tillage include the looseness of the root zone, the depth of the loosened layer, the duration of the loosened state, the thickness of the compact layer impeding water transport, the soil structure, the level of surface protection, the water intake/water loss balance, the organic material balance and earthworm activity. Optimising these factors can help reduce climate stress, so that extreme weather conditions do not undermine the reliability of farming. Most of the tillage methods elaborated on the basis of the findings of the trials, with the aim of alleviating climate stress, differ from conventional recommendations.

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