Maize silage as a supplement for pasture-fed dairy cows in early and late lactation

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Marginal Return ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Yield Responses

Eight experiments were conducted over 2 years with 92 lactating dairy cows individually fed various combinations of irrigated perennial pasture and maize silage in an indoor feeding facility. Responses to different amounts of maize silage and pasture in early and late lactation were measured. Daily pasture intake ranged from 6.2 to 12.4 kg dry matter (DM)/cow, while maize silage intake ranged from 0 to 12.4 kg DM/cow. The marginal return to feeding maize silage at up to 5 kg DM/cow.day to cows in early lactation eating about 7 kg DM/day of pasture as their basal ration was 0.89 kg extra milk for each kg DM maize silage eaten. In late lactation, this was reduced to 0.63 kg milk/kg DM. Milk yield responses to maize silage at both stages of lactation were lower at higher levels of pasture feeding. Although milk fat content was maintained over a wide range of maize silage, feeding large quantities of maize silage in early lactation was detrimental to milk production. The likely explanation for poor animal performance at the high levels of maize silage was dietary protein insufficiency.

Persian clover and maize silage. III. Rumen fermentation and balance of nutrients when clover and silage are fed to lactating dairy cows

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Persian Clover ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Trifolium Resupinatum

Six rumen fistulated dairy cows, at various stages of lactation, were housed in metabolism stalls on a total of nine occasions in three experiments in which various combinations of Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum) and maize (Zea mays) silage were offered. These experiments considered some aspects of digestion of Persian clover and Persian clover/maize silage diets in order to understand the good milk yield responses attributed to maize silage measured in previous research. Rumen ammonia concentrations and nylon bag degradation rates suggested that the cows made better use of one or both feeds when Persian clover and maize silage were offered together than they did when Persian clover was offered alone. While Persian clover and maize silage appeared to be a substantially inferior diet in terms of apparent in vivo digestibility coefficients and availability of nutrients when compared with Persian clover offered alone, milk yields were unaffected. In addition, no matter how much maize silage was offered, milk fat content remained constant. These results were attributed to an improved balance of absorbed nutrients.

Substitution and production responses when lactating dairy cows graze a white clover pasture supplemented with maize silage

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Clover Pasture ◽  
Friesian Cows

Friesian cows (16) in late lactation grazed pure white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Haifa) swards for 32 days in autumn and were supplemented with maize (Zea mays) silage. Four groups of 4 cows were offered either 19 or 39 kg dry matter (DM)/cow.day of white clover with either 0 or 4.4 kg DM/cow.day of maize silage. All cows were individually fed maize silage and grazed the pasture as individual groups according to treatment. When maize silage was fed, total intake increased, this occurring to a greater degree at the low pasture allowance. The level of substitution of silage for pasture was 0.14 and 0.40 kg DM reduction in pasture intake per kg DM of maize silage eaten at the low and high allowances, respectively. At the low pasture allowance, milk yields were 10.1 and 13.7 kg/cow. day when 0 and 4.4 kg DM/cow.day of maize silage were fed, respectively, and were 15.5 and 15.9 kg/cow.day at the high pasture allowance. Liveweight and body condition increased as plane of nutrition increased but there were no effects of feeding on milk fat or protein contents. Feeding maize silage had little effect on any rumen or faecal variable although there was generally less ammonia nitrogen in rumen fluid when cows were supplemented with maize silage.

The effect of compound composition and silage characteristics on silage intake, feeding behaviour, production of milk and live-weight change in lactating dairy cows

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Jackson ◽  
C. L. Johnson ◽  
J. M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Principal Energy ◽  
Friesian Cows

ABSTRACTAn experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of compound composition and silage characteristics on silage intake, feeding behaviour and productive performance of dairy cows during the first 25 weeks of lactation. Over a period of 3 years, 36 lactating British Friesian cows (12 per year), in their third or later lactations, were divided into two groups. The cows in each group received either compound S, in which the principal energy source was cereal starch, or compound F containing a mixture of high quality digestible fibre. Cows given compound F ate 2·2 kg more silage dry matter per day (P < 0·05). The type of compound had no effect on the frequency of silage feeding and the time spent eating was significantly different only over weeks 10 to 25 of lactation (P < 0·05), with cows on compound F spending on average 20 min longer feeding per day. Cows on compound F produced 1·7 kg more milk per day than cows on compound S. Although there were no significant differences in the concentration of milk constituents, compound F was associated with higher yields of milk constituents. Significant differences were found between the years of experiment in the frequency of feeding (P < 0·05) and also in the concentration of milk protein and milk fat. There were no significant differences in the magnitude of live-weight change between treatments or year of experiment.

The effect of ammoniated and roasted barley on rumen pH, milk yield and milk composition of lactating dairy cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
M. H. Fathi ◽  
A. Nikkhah
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Cereal grains can provide the major source of energy in diets in order to meet the nutrient requirements of high producing dairy cows. However the amount of starch that can be included in the diets of dairy cows is limited particularly if starch is rapidly fermented such as barley starch. Reduction of feed intake, rumen pH, milk fat test, microbial growth and other metabolic disorders are expected if ruminally degradable starch is fed in amount that cant be efficiently metabolized by rumen microbs. Various techniques for processing barley grain have been developed to decrease the degradability of dry matter in rumen without reducing its extent of digestion. McNiven (1995) showed roasting of barley is more effective treatment. The objective of this experiment was to study of effects the roasting and ammoniation of barley grain on rumen pH, feces pH, milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows.

scholarly journals Effect of supplemental rumen-protected lysine, methionine or both added to diet of lactating dairy cows on milk fatty acids profile

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Křížová ◽  
Jiří Třináctý ◽  
Jarmila Svobodová ◽  
Michal Richter ◽  
Vladimír Černý ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplemental lysine (Lys), methionine (Met) or both added to diet of dairy cows in the form of rumen-protected (RP) tablets on changes in milk fatty acids (FA) profile. The trial was carried out on four lactating Holstein cows in the form of Latin square design and was divided into 4 periods of 14 d (10-d preliminary period and a 4-d experimental period). The four treatments were as follows: C – control without amino acids (AA) supplementation, L – supplement of RP Lys, M – supplement of RP Met and ML – supplement of RP Met and Lys. Cows were fed on a diet based on maize silage, lucerne hay and supplemental mixture. Milk yield in ML (34.18 kg/d) was higher than in L or M (32.46 kg and 32.13 kg, respectively, P < 0.05) and tended to be higher than in C (33.33 kg/d, P > 0.05). Protein yield in ML (1054 g / d) was higher than that found in C, L or M (990, 998 or 968 g / d, respectively, P < 0.05). Milk fat content and yield in C and ML was higher in comparison to L and M (P < 0.05). Content of short-chain FA (C 4:0–C 12:0) was not affected by the treatment except of L that was lower than in C (P < 0.05). Content of medium-chain FA in M was lower compared to C, L or ML (P < 0.05). The content of long-chain FA in M was significantly higher than in other groups (P < 0.05). The total content of SFA in M was lower than in C or ML (P < 0.05) and tended to be lower than in L. Contents of UFA, MUFA and PUFA in M were higher than in C and ML (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Effect of replacing maize grain by hybrid rye grain in the TMR on performance of mid-lactating dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Rajtar ◽  
Marek Sady ◽  
Paweł Górka ◽  
Sylvia Kehoe ◽  
Piotr Micek
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Rennet Coagulation ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Hybrid Rye ◽  
Maize Grain

Abstract Grain from traditional varieties of rye is not commonly used in dairy cattle nutrition. However, new hybrid varieties of rye currently available are characterized by some nutritional and agrotechnical benefits. This paper deals with the hypothesis that rye grain derived from a hybrid variety may be an alternative for maize grain in diets for dairy cattle. Sixteen lactating Polish Holstein-Friesian cows were divided into two groups according to their parity (8 primi- and 8 multiparous), stage of lactation (106 ± 30 days after calving) and milk yield (34 ± 4 kg/day). Cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) containing grass silage and whole crop maize silage and 29.2% of the concentrate (in dry matter). The latter contained approximately 48% of either maize grain (M) or hybrid rye grain (HR) as a main source of cereal grain. Experimental diets were fed for 9-weeks. The use of HR as a substitute for M did not affect (P>0.05) dry matter intake and milk yield. There were no differences between treatment groups in the content of milk solids, amino acids, and fatty acid profile. However, substituting M by HR positively influenced composition of milk protein fractions by increasing the proportion of α-casein (37.0 vs 39.7%; P<0.01) and к-casein (6.5 vs 7.3%; P=0.02) as well as decreasing the proportion of β-casein (28.8 vs 27.8%; P=0.02) and sensory characteristics of the milk (body and texture and taste; P<0.05). In turn, the composition of the diet did not affect the technological suitability for processing of milk fat (acid and peroxide number, melting and solidification temperature), rennet coagulation time, heat stability or titratable acidity. This study has shown that hybrid rye grain may be an alternative for maize grain in a TMR based on grass and whole maize silage for mid-lactation dairy cows. Further studies are needed with higher proportion of hybrid rye grain in TMR or with other roughages used in a basal diet to fully determine efficiency of hybrid rye grain use in diets for dairy cows.

Persian clover and maize silage. I. Silage as a supplement for lactating dairy cows offered herbage of different quality

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Persian Clover ◽  
Basal Ration

A penfeeding experiment, involving 29 lactating dairy cows, was undertaken to assess the use of Persian clover (Trifolium resupinaturn) herbage instead of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)-dominant herbage as the basal ration in diets in which maize silage (0 to 10.6 kg DM/cow day-1) was used as a supplement. This was supported by a second experiment in which 16 cows grazed limited amounts of Persian clover pasture (herbage allowance of 16.5 kg DM/cow day-1) and were supplemented with various amounts of maize silage (0 to 8.3 kg DM/cow daym-1). In the pen experiment, feeding maize silage to cows grossly underfed with perennial ryegrass pasture resulted in a marginal response to additional feeding of 0.9 kg milk for each of the first 5 kg DM of supplement eaten. This level of supplementary feeding constituted about 40% of the diet. Thereafter, maize silage resulted in virtually no additional milk and the best fed cows only produced about 20 kg of milk. A much greater response in milk yield (1.4 kg milk/kg DM of additional maize silage eaten) was obtained when Persian clover was substituted as the basal ration. There were no differences in milk composition or changes in body condition between cows offered the different basal herbages. Milk fat content averaged 3.9% across all cows, while milk protein content and change in body condition increased by 0.03% and 0.13 units for each additional kg DM of maize silage eaten each day. In the grazing experiment, when a small amount of maize silage was fed to the cows, the marginal return was 1.2 kg milk for each additional kg DM of maize silage eaten. This is only slightly lower than that reported for the indoor feeding study. A major reason for the good response was the negligible substitution of maize silage for Persian clover that occurred with the first increment of supplement in the diet. With higher levels of maize silage feeding, no extra milk was produced. It was the increase in the level of substitution at the higher levels of maize silage that eliminated the possibility of additional responses in milk production.

Effects of dietary calcium soaps of unsaturated fatty acids on digestion, milk composition and physical properties of butter

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCIS ENJALBERT ◽  
MARIE CLAUDE NICOT ◽  
CORINE BAYOURTHE ◽  
MICHELE VERNAY ◽  
RAYMOND MONCOULON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Ruminal Biohydrogenation

Dairy cows fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulas were utilized to investigate the effects of feeding with Ca soaps (CaS) of palm fatty acids (FA) and rapeseed FA. Diets compared were control diet based on maize silage and concentrate, and two diets with 40 g CaS of palm oil FA or rapeseed oil FA/kg diet, replacing part of the concentrates of the control diet. Total digestibilities of dry matter, fibre and fat, and ruminal fermentation were not significantly altered by giving CaS; the extent of ruminal biohydrogenation of total unsaturated C18 FA was significantly reduced by both CaS diets. Apparent intestinal digestibility of FA was not different among diets, although the amount of FA absorbed with the CaS diets was twice that with the control diet. No difference among diets was observed for milk production, or fat and protein contents. Giving CaS diets decreased the proportions of 4[ratio ]0 to 14[ratio ]0 FA in milk fat, and increased cis-18[ratio ]1n−9, compared with control diet. The rapeseed diet lowered the content of 16[ratio ]0, and increased the contents of 18[ratio ]0 and trans-18[ratio ]1n−7. CaS diets did not result in a marked increase of polyunsaturated FA content in milk fat. Butter from cows fed on the CaS diets contained more liquid fat at 6 and 14°C than butter from the cows fed on the control diet. Incorporating CaS, particularly those from rapeseed, in dairy cows' diets increased C18 FA in milk and improved butter spreadability.

Efficacy of a lasalocid supplement in the diet of dairy cows in early lactation in a pasture-based dairy system

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 658 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Production History ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The lasalocid supplement, Bovatec, was fed to dairy cows at 300 mg of active ingredient for ~3 weeks precalving to up to 16 weeks postcalving in a pasture-based system. Sixty primiparous cows and 120 multiparous cows were allocated to equivalent control and lasalocid groups based on expected calving date, size and previous production history. To facilitate the feeding of the lasalocid, it was mixed with maize silage (~1 kg DM/cow.day) and fed as one feed on a concrete feed pad early in the morning each day before calving and before the afternoon milking during lactation. The control group received the maize silage without lasalocid. Otherwise, the feeding of both groups was exactly the same. The key response associated with adding lasalocid to the diet differed between the primiparous and multiparous cows. Although the average daily milk yield responses to lasalocid were not significant (P > 0.05) at 1.1 and 0.6 kg/cow for the primiparous and multiparous cows, respectively, significant (P < 0.05) increases in the milk yield of the primiparous cows were consistently recorded between weeks 5 and 15 of lactation. With the multiparous cows, there was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the circulating concentrations of serum β-hydroxybutyrate in those fed the lasalocid, with this being related to a tendency (P = 0.087) for these animals to maintain higher body condition scores for much of the early lactation treatment period. There were no other treatment differences of biological importance.

Milk permeate as a dietary supplement for lactating dairy cows

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
RT Cowan ◽  
PC Upton ◽  
A Reid
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Milk Permeate ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Milk permeate was evaluated as a supplement to replace part of the concentrate or roughage in the diet of lactating dairy cows. The basal d i e t was 6 kg cracked sorghum grain and 6 kg ryegrass dry matter, and permeate was offered ad libitum in place of either 3 kg of sorghum or 3 kg of ryegrass. Intake of permeate stabilised at 30 kg/cow.day (1.7 kg DM) after 6 weeks, with considerable variation among replicate groups. Milk fat percentage was increased from 3.8 to 4.5% (P<0.05) when permeate replaced grain in the diet. Where permeate replaced pasture there was apparently large variation among cows in permeate intake, and this was associated with large variation in the fat and protein contents of the milk. Milk yield (volume) was reduced in proportion to the reduction in total dry matter intake (r = -0.99). With high intakes of permeate, the C18:0 acids in milk fat were reduced and the C16:0 acids increased. It was concluded that permeate could replace about 1.7 kg grain in the diet and that, at this level, there would be advantages in milk fat percentage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document