Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on yield, specific gravity, crisp colour, and tuber chemical composition of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Kennebec

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Maier ◽  
AP Dahlenburg ◽  
CMJ Williams
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Vascular Ring ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
First Order ◽  
Curvilinear Relationships ◽  
Main Effects

Five field experiments were conducted over 3 years in the Mt Lofty Ranges (4 sites) and the Upper South East (1 site) to examine the significance of main effects and interactions between nitrogen (N, up to 360 kg N/ha), phosphorus (P, up to 320 kg P/ha), and potassium (K, up to 480 kg K/ha) on total yield, yield of 80-350 g size grade, specific gravity, crisp colour, and chemical composition of tubers of potato cv. Kennebec. There were significant (P<0.05) main effects of increasing rates of applied N on total tuber yield and yield of 80-350 g tubers at 2 of the 5 experimental sites; the effect of applied P was significant at 3 sites, and applied K also at 3 sites. Application of N, P, and K increased total tuber yield by 13-432%, 19-145%, and 19-89%, respectively, at responsive sites. Increases in the yield of 80-350 g tubers were similar to those for total yield. There were significant first-order interactions (N x K, N x P, K x P) at 2 sites. The interactions were (i) response to the application of 1 nutrient limited by suboptimal rates of another; and (ii) yield depression, due to high rates of 1 or more nutrients. Nitrogen and P increased specific gravity at only 1 of the sites where they were applied. Potassium increased specific gravity at 1 site but decreased it at another. There were significant N x K, N x P, and K x P interactions at 2 sites. Vascular ring colour index (CI) and medulla CI were significantly (P<0.05) affected by rates of applied N, P, and K at 1, 3, and 4 experimental sites, respectively. Application of K (up to 480 kg K/ha) decreased vascular ring CI and medulla CI. Application of P increased the colour indices; for example, increasing the rate of P from nil to 160 kg/ha increased mean (� s.e.) vascular ring CI from 51 � 18 to 117 � 17. No interactions between N, P, and K in their effects on medulla CI were significant. For vascular ring CI, significant first-order interactions (K x N, K x P) were observed at 2 sites, at which application of N and P at nil K significantly increased vascular ring CI. At 240 or 480 kg K/ha, there was no change. Significant (P<0.001) curvilinear relationships were found between specific gravity and the concentrations of N, P, and K in the stem-end region of tubers; the coefficients of determination (r2) were 0.27, 0.62, and 0.76, respectively. For the combined medulla CI and vascular ring CI data, the corresponding values were 0.19 (P<0.001), 0.29 (P<0.001), and 0.05 (n.s.), respectively.

COPPER AND ZINC NUTRITION OF RUSSET BURBANK POTATOES GROWN ON PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. SANDERSON ◽  
UMESH C. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Zinc Nutrition ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

Field experiments were conducted on potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) at two locations in P.E.I. to determine the response to soil- and foliar-applied Cu and Zn on tuber yield and leaf tissue nutrient concentration over a period of 3 yr. Foliar applications of 0.5–2 kg Cu ha−1 applied 1–2 wk prebloom reduced total tuber yield, number of tubers over 55 mm in diameter, average tuber weight, and specific gravity. The mean potato yield of tubers over 55 mm from the foliar-applied Cu treatments was less than the soil applied Cu by 4.5, 0.74, and 7.5 t ha−1 for 1985, 1986, and 1987, respectively. The toxic concentrations of Cu in potato leaves ranged from 63 to 139 μg g−1. Soil-applied Cu increased tissue Cu in the first sampling but had no effect in the second sampling. Foliar applications of Zn at 1–2 kg ha−1 reduced total tuber yield, tuber yield and tuber count over 55 mm, and specific gravity. The toxic concentrations of Zn in potato leaves ranged from 97 to 224 μg g−1. For the first sampling, the leaf tissue Zn concentrations ranged from 21 to 30 μg g−1 for the control and 27 to 70 μg g−1 for soil-applied Zn treatment. There was no difference in the Zn concentration between these two treatments for the second sampling. Copper and Zn concentrations as low as 7 and 21 μg g−1, respectively, in potato leaves were not related to deficiency of these nutrients, based on tuber yields. Soil applications of Cu or Zn would appear preferable to foliar sprays, which may cause phytotoxicity, as a means of increasing plant Cu or Zn content where a deficiency is suspected.Key words: Solanum tuberosum L., tuber yield, leaf copper, leaf zinc, Podzolic soil, potato

scholarly journals Reduced Dosage of Methyl Bromide for Controlling Verticillium Wilt of Potato in Experimental and Commercial Plots

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gamliel ◽  
A. Grinstein ◽  
Y. Peretz ◽  
L. Klein ◽  
A. Nachmias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Commercial Applications

The use of gas-impermeable films to reduce the dosage of methyl bromide (MB) required to control Verticillium wilt in potatoes was examined in field experiments, conducted in soils naturally infested with Verticillium dahliae. The incidence and severity of Verticillium wilt were significantly reduced (by 74 to 94%) by fumigation with MB at 50 g/m2 under standard low density polyethylene (LDPE) or at 25 g/m2 under gas-impermeable films. Fumigation at 25 g/m2 under LDPE was less effective. Disease severity was inversely correlated (r2 = 0.89 to 0.91) with chlorophyll content in the leaves. Fumigation also reduced (by 89 to 100%) stem colonization by the pathogen. Potato yield in the fumigated plots was significantly higher (26 to 69%), than in their nonfumigated counterparts, and was inversely correlated with disease index (r2 = 0.69 to 0.9). The percentage of high-value tubers (above 45 g) was 52 to 56% of total yield in the fumigated plots as compared with 32 to 40% in the nonfumigated controls. Thus, fumigation also improved the commercial quality of tuber yield. Effective control of V. dahliae and yield increases following MB fumigation at the recommended dosage or at a reduced dosage with gas-impermeable films was also observed in a consecutive crop. These results were verified in a large-scale field experiment using commercial applications, further demonstrating the feasibility of reducing MB dosages under farm conditions, without reducing its effectiveness in terms of disease control and yield improvement.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen on yield and chlorophyll of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semiha Güler
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Tuber Number ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Effects of nitrogen on the leaf chlorophyll (chl), yield and yield attributing characters of potato as tuber number and mean tuber weight were studied. Correlation coefficients between the investigated characters were determined. Five nitrogen rates (0, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg/ha) and four potato cultivars (Burren, Slaney, Anna and Emma) were used in the study. First, second, third class tuber yields and total tuber yield, tuber number per plant, and leaf chl were significantly influenced by both nitrogen rate and cultivar, whereas mean tuber weight was affected only by cultivar. Maximum total yield was obtained at 200 kg N/ha. There was significant linear relationship between leaf chl and N applied (R2=0.91). There were significant correlations between chl and yield and yield related characters. Total yield significantly correlated with leaf chl. Correlations between first class yield and total yield as well as total yield and tuber number per plant were highly significant.   Key words: Potato; Solanum tuberosum L.; Leaf chlorophyll; Nitrogen; Yield DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i2.5141 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38(2): 163-169, 2009 (December)  

Nitrogen rate and source effects on foliar sugar, glycoalkaloid, and amino acid composition of potato Russet Burbank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqi Wen ◽  
Athyna N. Cambouris ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Annick Bertrand ◽  
Mohamed Khelifi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
N Sources ◽  
N Rates

The foliar chemicals in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) could affect the growth and development of agricultural pests, such as Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) and aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae. Thus, altering the chemical composition of potato leaves could potentially supplement integrated pest management (IPM). In this study, field experiments were conducted in Quebec, Canada, to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) rates and sources on foliar sugar, glycoalkaloid, and amino acid concentrations and tuber yield of potato cv. Russet Burbank. Three N fertilizer sources of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and polymer-coated urea were used at four N rates of 60, 120, 200, and 280 kg N ha-1 plus an unfertilized control in a randomized complete block design. The fourth leaves from the top of twenty randomly selected plants in each plot were collected at 54, 68, and 82 days after planting for sugar, glycoalkaloid, and amino acid analysis. Tubers were collected at harvest, and the total and marketable yields were measured. Results showed that N fertilization linearly decreased sugar concentrations and these reduced sugars were conveyed and stored in tubers as starch. Glycoalkaloid concentrations in leaves were influenced by N sources and rates. Both total and marketable yields quadratically varied with increasing N rates regardless of N sources, with average values of 36.4 and 28.3 Mg ha-1, respectively. Since N rate affected potato foliar chemical composition and tuber yield, N fertilization could be considered as a supplemental tool to the IPM strategy for potato pest control.

Response of winter-grown potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) to applied and residual phosphorus on a Karrakatta sand

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
M. A. Hegney ◽  
I. R. McPharlin ◽  
R. C. Jeffery
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Soil Test P

Summary. The response of winter-grown potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Delaware), as determined by yield, to applied (broadcast) phosphorus (P) (0–480 kg/ha) and to residual P was measured on an acutely P-deficient, newly cleared Karrakatta sand in experiments over 2 years. Tuber yield responded significantly (P<0.001) to level of applied P. Phosphorus at 162 kg/ha was necessary for 99% of maximum total yield, which corresponded to maximum economic yield. For 95% of maximum yield 99 kg/ha was necessary. Phosphorus recovery efficiency by tubers (P uptake by tubers/P applied, both in kg/ha) decreased from 0.14 at 30 kg P/ha to 0.04 at 480 kg P/ha. Bicarbonate-soluble P (soil test P) extracted from the top 15 cm of soil was determined on residual P sites in each experiment to which P was applied (as superphosphate) 9 months earlier at levels from 0 to 800 kg/ha. These soil test P levels were related (R2 = 0.91) to total tuber yield. The soil test P level required for 95% of maximum total yield was 33 g/g and for 99% was 51 µg/g. When tubers were 10 mm long, the total P in petioles of youngest fully expanded leaves which corresponded to 95% of maximum yield was 0.7% (dry weight basis), and for 99% was 0.87%. These results, while based on responses measured at 2 sites only, provide strong evidence that maximum yield of winter-grown potatoes on Karrakatta sands can be achieved with lower levels of P fertiliser than are currently used in commercial practice (125–300 kg P/ha). The results also show that soil testing can be used to improve the P management of potato crops grown on the sandy soils of the Swan coastal plain.

Comparison of 10 clones of the potato cultivar, Kennebec

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Strange ◽  
KW Blackmore
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Size Grade ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Grade Yield

Nine clones of Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Kennebec from sources in Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania, and the commercially grown clone, clone 1, which was imported from Vancouver, were multiplied from pathogen-tested seed and compared in 3 Victorian potato districts during 2 seasons. Haulm appearance of the 10 clones was similar. Tubers of clones 2 and 9 had a more desirable elliptical shape with shallow eyes than clones 1, 7, 8, 11 and 13. Clone 7 produced significantly (P<0.05) less total yield than the highest yielding clone at 3 sites. Compared with the other clones, clones 2 and 7 yielded significantly (P<0.05) less oversize (>450 g) and medium (100-450 g) tubers and significantly (P<0.05) higher yields of small (<100 g) tubers at several sites. Clone 1 produced a much higher proportion (5.7%) of total yield as oversize tubers than clones 2 (1.6%) and 7 (0.8%). Clones 2 and 7 produced a significantly higher (P<.05) number of tubers per plant than all other clones at the 3 sites. Averaged over these 3 sites, clones 2 (and 7) produced 6.2 (6.8) tubers per plant and the other clones were in the range 4.5-5.0. No consistent differences in specific gravity or crisp colour were observed between the clones. Clone 2 was selected as being best suited for the crisp processing industry because of its even shape, high number of tubers per plant and low yield of oversize tubers, while maintaining high yields and good specific gravity and crisp colour. Our results show that differences exist in total and size grade yield and tuber number and appearance between clones of a cultivar. They further highlight the importance of selection work to maintain desirable characteristics of established cultivars and to remove mutants with undesirable characteristics.

scholarly journals Potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) determined the drought tolerance using the plastic cover

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Enkhbold Bataa ◽  
Ninjmaa Orgodol
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Selecting potato varieties which is drought-tolerant is one important way to reduce the risk of drought. Field experiments were conducted at potato research field located in the Institute of plant and agricultural science, Mongolia. In this experiment used the Gala, Soloist and Quarta varieties. total of 120 plants which is 40 bulbs from one variety were evaluated the drought tolerant. When we used the plastic cover from the tuber initiation to the bulking stage. The total harvest of potato decreased by 9.2 t/ha on average. The total harvest of potato decreased by 9.2 t/ha on average. When using the plastic cover, Potato harvest is decreased by 3.4 t/ha and tubers of production is decreased by 3.5 t/ha. The weight of non-standard tubers is closely related to the yield of varieties grown in drought conditions (r = 0.89), which accounts for the majority of the total yield by the weight of non-standard tubers. The Production tubers of Gala varieties is more 46.4 percent than the average varieties of potato. Lack of soil moisture decreases at the above stage of potato cultivation reduces the yield by 20-30%, reduces the growth rate, reduces the size and weight of the tubers, and has a significant negative impact on crop growth. Гандаавч ашиглан төмс (Solanum tuberosum)-ний сортуудын ган тэсвэрийг тодорхойлсон дүн Ганд тэсвэртэй сортыг шалгаруулж тарих нь гангийн эрсдэлийг багасгах нэг арга гэж эрдэмтэд үзсээр байна. Туршлага судалгааг УГТХүрээлэнгийн Төмс судлалын туршлагын талбайд Гала, Солист, Куарта сортыг хамруулж нэг сортоос 40 булцуу нийт 120 ургамалд ган тэсвэрийг  үнэлэв. Төмсний таримлын хөгжлийн үе шат болох бундуйлалтаас бүрэн цэцэглэлтийн үе шатанд нь талбайн нөхцөлд гандаавч ашиглахад таримлын нийт ургац дунджаар 9.2 т/га буюу гандаавч ашиглаагүй талбайн ургацаас 3.4 т/га, таваарын булцууны ургац 3.5 т/га тус тус буурсан байна. Гандаавчтай нөхцөлд ургасан сортуудын ургацад стандарт бус булцууны жин нягт (r=0.89) хамааралтай байгаа нь нийт ургацын дийлэнх хувийг стандарт бус булцууны жин эзэлж байна. Гала сорт нь таваарын булцууны ургацаар сортуудын дунджаас 46.4 хувиар илүү байв. Төмсний таримлын дээрх үе шатанд хөрсний чийгийн хангамж дутагдалтай байвал ургац 20-30% буурч, ургах эрчим багасч улмаар булцууны хэмжээ жижгэрч, жин буурч таримлын өсөлт хөгжилтөнд ихээхэн сөрөг нөлөө үзүүлдэг байна.  Түлхүүр үг:  Гала, Солист, Куарта, булцуу, ургац

QUACKGRASS COMPETITION EFFECT ON POTATO YIELD

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. IVANY
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Competition Effect ◽  
Marketable Tuber ◽  
Agropyron Repens

The effect of different periods of quackgrass (Agropyron repens L. Beauv.) competition after crop emergence was studied for potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ’Russet Burbank’). Delaying quackgrass removal for 2 wk after crop emergence reduced small-sized tuber yield, marketable tuber yield and total yield by 6%, 27% and 21%, respectively, averaged over 4 yr. Successively longer delays in quackgrass removal showed progressively greater reductions in yield.Key words: Quackgrass, potato, competition

Comparison of total tuber yields from inner and guard rows used in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) fertiliser experiments

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
NA Maier ◽  
AB Frensham ◽  
KSR Chapman ◽  
CMJ Williams
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Total tuber yields were compared for inner and outer (guard) rows from 4 phosphorus (P) and 3 nitrogen (N) field experiments conducted during 1985-86 in South Australia, and from 5 N and 2 potassium (K) field experiments conducted during 1985-86 and 1987-88 in Tasmania. All fertiliser treatments were banded along the rows, either at planting or part at planting and the remainder sidedressed after emergence. The inter-row spacings were in the range 76-86 cm and the cultivars used were Kennebec, Coliban and Russet Burbank. Analysis showed that at only 1 of the 14 sites (site 6 in South Australia) was the mean total tuber yield for the inner 2 rows significantly (P<0.01) less than the mean total tuber yield for all 4 rows. However, the difference was small (0.8 t/ha or 1.9%) and of little practical importance. The relationships between mean (� s.e.) total tuber yield and rate (kg/ha) of applied nutrient (0-240 P, 0-320 N, 0-400 K) for inner and guard rows showed that differences between means were small and usually within standard error ranges at all sites. There were no consistent differences in the magnitudes of the standard errors of the means for inner and guard rows for all rates and types of nutrient applied. No significant cross-feeding occurred in these fertiliser experiments, which suggests that omission of guard rows from experiments where the fertiliser treatments are applied along the rows should not result in serious errors of interpretation of tuber yield response.

scholarly journals Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Tuber Yield and Yield Components as Influenced by Different Levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Rwanda

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien Turamyenyirijuru ◽  
Guillaume Nyagatare ◽  
Robert Morwani Gesimba ◽  
Rhoda Jerop Birech
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Despite potato yield potential, its intensification level remain low in Rwanda, translating into low yield occasioned mainly by the decline in soil fertility. Field experiments were conducted in Birunga, Mudende [L1]) and Buberuka, Rwerere [L2] highlands Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs), during September- December 2016 and March-June 2017 crop growing seasons to determine the effects of varying rates of N, P and K on potato tuber yield and yield components. The experiments were laid out using randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement, with four replicates. Factors were N rates (NX) i.e N1-0 kg ha-1, N2 – 50 kg ha-1, N3 – 100 kg ha-1 ; P2O5 rates (PX) i.e P1-0 kg ha-1, P2 – 50 kg ha-1, P3 – 100 kg ha-1and K2O rates (Kx) i.e K1- 0 kg ha1and K2- 50 kg ha-1. Number of tubers per plant, fresh tuber weight, small tuber yield, medium tuber yield, large tuber yield and total tuber yield were measured. Analysis of variance, performed using SAS-version 9.2, revealed that interaction effects of N×P×K were very highly significant on all parameters. Generally, N3×P3×K2 performed better than other treatments and recorded highest tuber yields in all situations: (32.73 ± 0.43) t ha-1[L1] and (29.36 ± 0.41) t ha-1 [L2] and (31.05 ± 0.52) t ha-1for pooled ANOVA. Contrarily to what happened at L2, N3P3K2 andN2P3K2 were not significantly different at L1. N2P3 K2 is recommended to L1 whereas N3P3K2 is recommended to L2.

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