Modern interpretation systems for soil and plant analyses in the United States of America

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Jr Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Tissue Samples

Although over 3 million soil samples and over a half a million plant tissue samples are assayed in the some 450 soil-testing and plant analysis laboratories in the United States of America, both techniques are considerably under utilised by farmers. It has been estimated that <15% of the cropland is soil-tested each year and about 30-40% of farmers seldom soil test. Plant analysis is primarily used as a diagnostic tool, except for fruit and nut growers, many of whom test yearly in order to formulate fertiliser recommendations for next year's crop. Considerable standardisation of assay procedures and methods of reporting soil and plant analysis results have occurred in the last decade, although much has yet to be done. Laboratory accreditation and proficiency testing are current issues that will begin to impact the laboratories, while environmental issues will probably demand increasing testing by farmers to insure that fertiliser practices are not contributing to soil and water degradation. This paper reviews past, current, and future roles of soil testing and plant analysis in the U.S.A.

Review of perspective, issues, and trends in soil and plant testing in the United States of America

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 973 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Jr Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Laboratory Accreditation ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Environmental Implications

This paper briefly reviews the developments that have occurred in the United States of America regarding farmer and grower provided soil testing and plant analysis services from the early 1990s to the present. Significant changes have occurred in terms of the type of laboratory providing these services, methodology, and instrumentation. Developing environmental implications related to soil testing and plant analysis will begin to impact the number and types of tests that will be mandated, and those who will be qualified to conduct these tests, as well as requirements for laboratory accreditation and certification. The results of a 1991 survey of soil testing and plant analysis laboratories are given.

Standardizing Soil Testing Methods

1980 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-765
Author(s):  
Wayne Sabbe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Testing Laboratories ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Abstract Soil tests are performed to determine the amount of nutrients available to plants so that fertilizer and lime recommendations can be formulated. In 1951, State soil testing laboratories had numerous extractants for determining phosphorus and potassium. Twenty years later, only 3 extractants each were used for phosphorus and potassium. In the United States, a regional approach produced standardized methods for several of the most common soil testing procedures. These detailed standard methods resulted from identifying procedural causes for variations in soil test results. For example, the amount of nutrient extracted varied by size and shape of extraction vessel and speed and time of shaking. Currently, terminology and expression of soil test results, and a search for a more universal soil extractant, i.e., one that can be used to determine several rather than a single nutrient, are 2 of the main areas of effort.

Thinking About Scots Law

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Rodger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
The University

This article is the revised text of the first W A Wilson Memorial Lecture, given in the Playfair Library, Old College, in the University of Edinburgh, on 17 May 1995. It considers various visions of Scots law as a whole, arguing that it is now a system based as much upon case law and precedent as upon principle, and that its departure from the Civilian tradition in the nineteenth century was part of a general European trend. An additional factor shaping the attitudes of Scots lawyers from the later nineteenth century on was a tendency to see themselves as part of a larger Englishspeaking family of lawyers within the British Empire and the United States of America.

Off to a bad start: John Adams’s tussle over titles

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C Alexander
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Vice President ◽  
The United States ◽  
John Adams ◽  
The Press ◽  
First Session

From the first days, of the first session, of the first Congress of the United States, the Senate was consumed by an issue that would do immense and lasting political harm to the sitting vice president, John Adams. The issue was a seemingly unimportant one: titles. Adams had strong opinions on what constituted a proper title for important officers of government and, either because he was unconcerned or unaware of the damage it would cause, placed himself in the middle of the brewing dispute. Adams hoped the president would be referred to as, “His highness, the President of the United States of America, and Protector of the Rights of the Same.” The suggestion enraged many, amused some, and was supported by few. He lost the fight over titles and made fast enemies with several of the Senators he was constitutionally obligated to preside over. Adams was savaged in the press, derided in the Senate and denounced by one of his oldest and closest friends. Not simply an isolated incident of political tone-deafness, this event set the stage for the campaign against Adams as a monarchist and provided further proof of his being woefully out of touch.

Armed Violence in the Ideology of Contemporary Islamic Fundamentalism - Study models

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Laith Mzahim Khudair Kazem
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Armed Violence ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
At Home

The armed violence of many radical Islamic movements is one of the most important means to achieve the goals and objectives of these movements. These movements have legitimized and legitimized these violent practices and constructed justification ideologies in order to justify their use for them both at home against governments or against the other Religiously, intellectually and even culturally, or abroad against countries that call them the term "unbelievers", especially the United States of America.

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