A review of soil sampling for chemical analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 983 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Brown
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Field Variability ◽  
Experimental Plots

A review of soil sampling for chemical analysis is presented for farm paddocks, orchard blocks and experimental plots with relevance to Australian and New Zealand conditions. Basic principles concerning field variability and its determination, sampling equipment, sample handling and sampling techniques are given. Detailed examination of both published and unpublished data on spatial and temporal variation in cultivated and uncultivated soils is also provided. Deficiencies and conflicts in the database are highlighted and provide a basis for future work.

Combining sub-field scale soil sampling and GIS interpolation techniques for mapping nutrient hotspots 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Hayes ◽  
Suzanne Higgins ◽  
Donal Mullan ◽  
Josie Geris
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Soil Nutrient Status ◽  
Interpolation Techniques ◽  
Nutrient Hotspots ◽  
Field Variability

<p>The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) aims to target prevalent poor water quality status. Of the various contributing sources agriculture is particularly important due to the high loading rates of sediment and nutrient losses associated with fertilisation, sowing, and cropping regimes. Understanding soil nutrient status and the potential pathways for nutrient loss either through point or diffuse sources is an important step to improve water quality from an agricultural perspective. Research has demonstrated extensive in-field variability in soil nutrient status. A sampling regime that explores this variability at a sub-field scale is necessary. Traditional soil sampling consists of taking 20-30 cores per field in a W-shaped formation to produce a single bulked core, however, it generally fails to locate nutrient hotspots at finer resolutions. Inappropriate generalised fertilisation and management recommendations can be made in which nutrient hotspots or deficient zones are overlooked. Gridded soil sampling can reveal the full degree of in-field variability in nutrient status to inform more precise and site-specific nutrient applications. High soil phosphorus levels and the concept of legacy nutrient accumulation due to long-term over-application of phosphorus fertiliser in addition to animal slurry is a problem across the island of Ireland.</p><p>This research aims to locate and quantify the presence of soil nutrient hotspots at several field-scale locations in the cross-border Blackwater catchment in Northern Ireland / Republic of Ireland. Based on 35 m sampling grids, the nutrient content at unsampled locations in each field was determined using GIS interpolation techniques. Particular attention was paid to phosphorus, given its role in eutrophication. Gridded soil sampling enables the identification of nutrient hotspots within fields and when combined with an analysis of their location in relation to in-field landscape characteristics and knowledge of current management regimes, the risk of nutrient or sediment loss potential may be defined. This research concluded that traditional W soil sampling of producing one average value per field is not appropriate to uncover the degree of spatial variability in nutrient status and is inappropriate for catchment management of agricultural systems for controlling nutrient losses. Soil sampling at multiple locations per field is deemed to be cost-prohibitive for many farmers. However, sub-field scale soil sampling and appropriate geostatistical interpolation techniques can reveal the degree of variability and suggest an appropriate resolution for field-scale nutrient management that may be necessary to achieve measurable improvements in water quality.</p>

Soil Sampling Procedures for Chemical Analysis

2018 ◽  
pp. 162-175
Author(s):  
Modupe O. Akinola ◽  
Joyce Gosata Maphanyane ◽  
Read Brown Mthanganyika Mapeo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sampling Procedures

This chapter describes procedures used in soil sampling and its analysis; as well as why there is need to sample soils and for what purpose. We also describe the different types of soils present in nature and compare the different sampling regimes used in soil studies as well equipment's used, and the associated reagents necessary for a specific analysis. The chapter provides background information to scientists engaged in soil studies.

A UGV-based modular robotic manipulator for soil sampling and terramechanics investigations

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas A. Olmedo ◽  
Martin Barczyk ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Ward Wilson ◽  
Michael G. Lipsett
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Robotic Manipulator ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Slip Ratio ◽  
Force Modeling ◽  
Natural Choice ◽  
Future Work

Unmanned vehicles are a natural choice for accessing challenging or hazardous terrains, for instance oil sands tailings ponds, and performing tasks such as soil sampling and terramechanics investigations. In previously published work, an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) named RTC-I was designed and built for this task by part of our group. The present article covers the design choices and technical details of a custom-built robotic manipulator, a soil sampler, and an instrumented wheel deployed onboard a second-generation UGV named RTC-II. The robotic manipulator is designed to provide the reach, payload capacity, ruggedness, and self-locking operation required for field operations. The soil sampler employs a curved scoop to minimize deformation of the collected sample. The instrumented wheel permits independent control of the normal load and the slip ratio during terramechanics investigations. Each of the three designs is deployed and successfully tested in field experiments. Measurements collected by the soil sampler and instrumented wheel will be used in future work dealing with sampler force modeling and real-time terrain parameter estimation, respectively.

scholarly journals Airborne Precipitation and Cloud Sampling Techniques (Abstract)

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.I. Joe ◽  
R.S. Schemenauer ◽  
J.W. Strapp ◽  
P. Daum
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Flying Attitude ◽  
First Time ◽  
Snow Samples

Techniques have been developed for the airborne bulk sampling of cloud and precipitation, including snow, for later chemical analysis. The techniques include the use of cyclones, meshes, riming rods, scoops and slotted collectors. The role of sampling location on the aircraft, flying attitude, collection efficiency, and sampling procedures for clean samples and mixed clouds with respect to the design and performance of the collectors will be discussed. The polyethylene meshes, with thread diameters of 545 and 345 microns, and the riming rods, with diameter of 1.0 cm, collect supercooled droplets with different efficiencies and can be used to examine the dependence of chemistry on the droplet size. Airborne snow samples were collected for the first time, with the cyclone being the most effective collector.

scholarly journals SAMPLING OF CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES IN FOREST SOILS

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Bruno Oliveira Lafetá ◽  
Tamires Mousslech Andrade Penido ◽  
Nivaldo De Souza Martins ◽  
Márcio Leles Romarco de Oliveira ◽  
Danielle Piuzana Mucida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Sample Error ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Composite Samples

Information about sample adequacy that represents soil chemical attributes distribution are fundamental for a better rationalization of the use of correctives and fertilizers. The objective was to evaluate the variability of these attributes and to size the minimum number of composite samples to represent the fertility of forest soils. The total area planted was 9,101ha, constituted of 265 commercial eucalypt stands. The 687 soil composite samples obtained were for chemical analysis. It was evaluated the performance of two exploratory analysis techniques and six sampling procedures. The attributes P, K, Ca, Mg and S presented higher coefficient of variation (>35%). In contrast, the distributions of Al, organic matter and, mainly, pH were the most homogeneous. The sample error was smaller as the amount of composite samples increased. The representative of all chemical attributes (sample error of 5%) was achieved with a minimum of 309 (one each 29ha, 1:29) and 295 (1:31) composite samples from sampling procedures simple casual and stratified by altitude class, respectively. Both procedures were promising for soil sampling, especially, when applying the boxplot for identification and removal of outliers.

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